May 25, 1862
General Stonewall Jackson with 16,000 Confederates defeated General N.P. Banks and 6,000 Federals. On May 24, at Middletown, 12 miles South, Jackson attacked Banks’ army withdrawing toward Winchester, cutting off the rear guard . . . — — Map (db m241604) HM
General Richard S. Ewell with 14,000 Confederates defeated General Robert H. Milroy with 6,900 Federals. Prior to his second invasion of the North, Lee sent Ewell to Winchester to clear the Valley of Federals. Dividing his forces, Ewell on June 14th . . . — — Map (db m256211) HM
In the late summer of 1864 General Philip H. Sheridan with 41,000 Federals was ordered to take the vital Shenandoah Valley. Opposing this force was a Confederate army of 18,000 under General Jubal A. Early stationed north and east of Winchester. On . . . — — Map (db m155165) HM
(Inscription on Front):Brig. Gen. David A. Russell U.S. Vols. 1st Div. 6th Army Corps Major 8th U.S. Infty. Bvt. Maj. Genl. U.S.A. Born, Salem, N.Y. Dec. 10, 1820 Killed in Action Opequon, Va. Sept. 19, 1864. (Back):Erected By The . . . — — Map (db m26565) HM
(Front): New Hampshire erects this monument to the memory of her brave sons of her 14th Regiment who fell in battle Sept. 19, 1864 upon this field and are here buried in one common grave. Capts. W.H. Chaffin. W.A. Fosgate. Lieuts. H.S. Paul. . . . — — Map (db m81313) WM
(Back):Erected by the State of New York In honor of her sons of the 114th Regiment New York Volunteer Infantry,A tribute to their devotion to duty, their unfaltering courage and glorious sacrifices. Tested on many fields, their valor was most . . . — — Map (db m26027) HM
These native limestone steps are in their original position and mark the main entrance to a 40' x 60' stone church built on this site in 1790. The entrance was in the center of its east wall with the pulpit area against the west wall. This church . . . — — Map (db m2634) HM
Abram’s Delight is the oldest home in Winchester. 582 acres of land was granted to Abraham Hollingsworth in 1734. The first log house on the site was replaced by the present stone structure built in 1754 by Isaac Hollingsworth, a Quaker, son of . . . — — Map (db m2616) HM
The oldest dwelling in Winchester, Abram’s Delight experienced the passage of both Union and Confederate armies during the war. Although the property stood in the path of the First Battle of Winchester on May 25, 1862, it survived and now . . . — — Map (db m2606) HM
The oldest dwelling in Winchester, Abram’s Delight experienced the passage of both Union and Confederate armies during the war. Although the property stood in the path of the First Battle of Winchester on May 25, 1862, it survived and now . . . — — Map (db m254266) HM
Near here, the Confederate General Stephen D. Ramseur was attacked by General William W. Averell and pushed back toward Winchester, July 20, 1864. — — Map (db m12091) HM
As the Union attack on the northwest side (Confederate left) of Sandy Ridge stalled, the Union commander, Col. Nathan Kimball, adjusted his offensive actions to the northeast side of the ridge. As fresh Union regiments arrived at this new point . . . — — Map (db m310267) HM
Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent, a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal.
Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, . . . — — Map (db m140371) HM WM
The Winchester native attended the Virginia Military Institute, The University of Virginia, and graduated from the U.S. Naval Academy, 1912. He was a pioneer aviator and Polar explorer. In 1926, he was the first to fly over the North Pole for . . . — — Map (db m26876) HM
Northern Colonel Nathan Kimball saw the position of his troops on nearby Pritchard's Hill (1.5 miles left and in front of you) becoming indefensible. Southern artillery recently placed on the higher elevation of Sandy Ridge (just in front of you) . . . — — Map (db m254327) HM
In an effort to capture Confederate artillery on Sandy Ridge, Union Colonel Nathan Kimball had dispatched Colonel Erastus B. Tyler with a brigade of infantry from Winchester. He hoped Tyler's troops would conduct a surprise attack on the Southern . . . — — Map (db m310341) HM
Here, in the late 1800s. Charles and Maria Fairfax Brown raised six children who became doctors of medicine or pharmacy based in Washington, D.C., and Pittsburgh, PA. Sara, a physician, was the first female graduate of Howard University named to its . . . — — Map (db m273845) HM
Farming was, and continues to be, a major business in the Shenandoah Valley. This particular farm had two periods of significant productivity: from the mid-1700s until the Civil War and then again from about 1890-1990.
In the earlier period, . . . — — Map (db m259834) HM
(front)
During the Third Battle of Winchester on September 19, 1864, it was near this spot that Brig. Gen. Battle's Alabama Brigade reached their farthest advance.
Erected by the family of CDR. Craig A. Morin USNR (Ret.) 2019 . . . — — Map (db m155706) WM
Sgt. Virgil May Jr. - Alfred C Bond D C Rankin - Wm D Galloway Theo J Lester - Sgt W H Thomas Capt Wm B Hunt - G W Hanna J Thomas - Wm Wyeth Cpl Robt W Yeldell - I Culver Henry S Smith - J Furguson J H Trawick - P S McLory F M Yancy - F Holtz Ben F . . . — — Map (db m26843) HM
In memory of
Her sons of the 3rd Arkansas Infantry
CSA
Joseph R. Bartlett, Co. D
Unknown
William C. Arnold, Co. H
Christopher Columbus McClure, Co. C
…. Watson
Mathhew Chavis, Co. A
James W. More, Co. I
John Young, Co. E . . . — — Map (db m117484) WM
Time: Late Morning
Beyond these trees lies the Regency Lakes housing development. During the battle, that area — at the time a mixture
of woodlots, plowed fields, fences, and broken country — saw some of the deadliest fighting of the day. . . . — — Map (db m204208) HM
During its brief existence, the APCWS acquired a large portion of two major battlefields in the Shennandoah Valley, Fisher's Hill in 1991 and Third Winchester in 1995. This fledgling entity, devoted to protecting Civil War ground, was founded in . . . — — Map (db m234738) HM
When Confederate forces approached Winchester late on the morning of June 13, 1863, Confederate Gen. Edward "Allegheny" Johnson's division was marching along the Front Royal Pike (modern-day US-522), just to your right. In front of him were Union . . . — — Map (db m254328) HM
In early March, 1862, while Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks moved his three-division corps south towards Winchester, Maj. Gen. George McClellan made plans to attack Richmond from the Chesapeake Bay. Confederate General Joseph Johnston directed Maj. . . . — — Map (db m273530) HM
From this spot, turn and look south back along the assault route. In his official report, Colonel Fulkerson deduced that he had advanced about half of a mile from Barton's Woods before being forced to abandon the mission with a sharp westward . . . — — Map (db m259726) HM
(Preface):
It is March 23, 1862 approximately 2:00 PM
You are standing about 1000 yards from the Union batteries on Pritchard's Hill.
(Main Text):
About 300 yards to your south, General Jackson met Colonel Fulkerson . . . — — Map (db m259746) HM
(Preface):
It is March 23, 1862 approximately 2:15 PM
You are standing about 800 yards from the Union batteries on Pritchard's Hill.
(Main Text):
As Lt. Col. Daum continued to direct the Union batteries to . . . — — Map (db m259770) HM
(Preface):
It is March 23, 1862 approximately 2:30 PM
You are standing about 600 yards from the Union batteries on Pritchard's Hill.
(Main Text):
When the 37th Virginia, the lead regiment of Colonel Fulkerson's . . . — — Map (db m259771) HM
On the hill to the west, Stonewall Jackson late in the afternoon of March 23, 1862 attacked the Union force under Shields holding Winchester. After a fierce action, Jackson, who was greatly outnumbered, withdrew southward, leaving his dead on the . . . — — Map (db m3150) HM
General James Shields with 7,000 Federals defeated Stonewall Jackson with 3,500 Confederates. Jackson's object was to create a diversion which would prevent troops being sent to McClellan for the attack on Richmond. He arrived south of Kernstown in . . . — — Map (db m33024) HM
"Indications are that [the] enemy must attack me in the morning....The probabilities are that I shall attack him."
—Union Gen. William W. Averell
After hearing from scouts that the Confederate army was moving towards . . . — — Map (db m155113) HM
Confederate Gen. Jubal A. Early attacked the defenses of Washington, D.C., in July 1864, then retreated to the Shenandoah Valley. Union Gen. Horatio G. Wright pursued him, and after a sharp fight and Confederate victory at Cool Spring on July 18, . . . — — Map (db m13988) HM
After attacking Washington, D.C. earlier in July, Confederate Lt. Gen. Jubal Early learned that the Union army had begun to retreat from the valley, leaving Union Brig. Gen. George Crook's 12,000 strong Army of the Kanawha to hold Winchester. Gen. . . . — — Map (db m273532) WM
Time: Late Morning
The field behind you was a wooded lot known as the Second Woods. When Sheridan attacked at 11:40 am, his front line drove the opposing Confederates through those woods.
On the high ground immediately west of the . . . — — Map (db m204200) HM
(Left Side): This monument marks the trail taken by the army of General Braddock, which left Alexandria April 9, 1755 to defend the western frontier against the French and Indians. Erected by the Society of Colonial Dames of America in the . . . — — Map (db m2649) HM
"To Serve the Present Age" - Charles Wesley From Court House to Church Thirty-two charter members met July 24, 1858, in the Frederick County Court House and were organized as a congregation of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, . . . — — Map (db m7342) HM
The mission of the 11 million member United Methodist Church is to make disciples of Jesus Christ for the transformation of the world. The congregation here at Braddock Street United Methodist Church embraces this charge through extensive . . . — — Map (db m150628) HM
Time: Late Afternoon
The fields in front of you are part of the Hackwood Farm Late on the afternoon of September 19, Gen. George Crook's little Army of West Virginia swept Confederate Gen. John B. Gordon's division and Col. George Patton's . . . — — Map (db m267993) HM
This statue of Buzzy the Hornet is given in honor of
President Emeritus James A. Davis &
Janet C. Davis '85
by the generosity of the James R. Wilkins Charitable Trust
President Davis served Shenandoah University from 1982 to . . . — — Map (db m247811) HM
Former Site of
Cannon Ball House
During the Civil War this Cannon Ball
From Star Fort
passed entirely through this house in 1862 — — Map (db m171231) HM
In Memory of
Robert Young Conrad
Captain Co. I, 116th Inf. 29th Division
Son of
Major Holmes and Georgia Byran Conrad
who was mortally wounded while
leading a charge on a machine gun
nest at Ormont Farm in the Meuse . . . — — Map (db m136364) WM
The fort on the hilltop to the southwest, known as Star Fort, was taken by Colonel Schoonmaker of Sheridan’s Army in the Battle of September 19, 1864. — — Map (db m2275) HM
Most of the several hundred wounded from both sides of the First Battle of Kernstown were moved to makeshift field hospitals in Winchester with a few taken to local homes including the nearby Pritchard and Glass houses.
Per the Pritchard . . . — — Map (db m310112) HM
This house was built for Kate Conrad in 1889. Member of a prominent Winchester family, she devoted her life to educational and religious activities. She was an administrator for the Slater Trust of Boston, which sought to educate former slaves . . . — — Map (db m5599) HM
The shocking impact of the great charge and capture of Fort Collier unhinged Early’s entire line of battle. Confederate troops streamed south through the streets of Winchester, Confederate artillery continued firing from Star Fort, slowing the . . . — — Map (db m2509) HM
A congregation was organized in Winchester following a visit in 1748 from the Eminent Dr. Michael Schlatter, missionary from the Classis of Amsterdam, Holland, to the Reformed congregations in America.
The erection of the first house of worship . . . — — Map (db m134243) HM
During the Civil War, armies of both sides built earthwork fortifications of varying sizes and shapes. The star fort was one of the most difficult types to construct. Although the design afforded the defenders the potential to fire into an attacking . . . — — Map (db m100976) HM
1 Story / 1 Thousand Voices
While Union artillery from Star Fort dueled with Confederate gunners in West Fort on June 14, 1863, Winchester's civilians fretted for their safety.
Some wondered if Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy would destroy . . . — — Map (db m285743) HM
Clark County. Area 171 Square Miles. — Formed in 1836 from Frederick and added to from Warren. Named for George Rogers Clark, conqueror of the Northwest. Lord Fairfax and General Daniel Morgan, Revolutionary Hero, lived in this . . . — — Map (db m156734) HM
Colonel James Wood, the founder of Winchester, was a native of the ancient city of the same name in England. He laid out and founded the new town prior to 1740. It received a charter of incorporation from the colonial legislature in February 1752. . . . — — Map (db m26892) HM
This road, along which many of his skirmishes took place, is named for Colonel John Singleton Mosby, commander of the 43rd Battalion of the Confederate Partisan Rangers. Their activities in this area helped keep the Confederate cause alive in . . . — — Map (db m2668) HM
Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy and his division entered Winchester on January 1, 1863. The abolitionist general, who vowed to enforce the Emancipation Proclamation aggressively, soon set to work strengthening the town's defenses. His soldiers rotated . . . — — Map (db m100975) HM
The first works on this site were constructed in 1861, when Confederate troops in the 4th Alabama built a series of gun emplacements called "Fort Alabama."
When Union Gen. Robert H. Milroy arrived in Winchester on January 1, 1863, he put his . . . — — Map (db m258469) HM
While the photography on this panel shows soldiers who were killed during the Battle of Antietam, similar scenes covered the landscape around you after the Third Battle of Winchester.
The human toll was staggering. Third Winchester was the . . . — — Map (db m204201) HM
Time: Early Afternoon
You're standing at the point of the pivotal Confederate counterattack that dramatically changed the course of the battle.
By 12:30 pm, the tide of the battle had turned in favor of the Union. The Confederate . . . — — Map (db m244288) HM
You are standing at the site of 24-year-old Quaker schoolteacher Rebecca Wright's home, the location of Civil War intrigue. On September 16, 1864, Thomas Laws, an enslaved man from neighboring Clarke County, arrived at the Wright house carrying a . . . — — Map (db m254428) HM
In 1802 General Morgan died in this home built by George F. Norton in 1786. The house has been carefully nurtured over the centuries by the Boyd, Sherrard, Massie, Smith, Gaunt and Schember families. — — Map (db m2650) HM
This stone was originally located on Shenandoah's Dayton, Va. Campus, and was relocated to this site in the summer of 1989 through the efforts of Pablo Cuevas, Class of 1960.
On this stone many hearts were won, lifelong friendships begun, . . . — — Map (db m247761) HM
The stone wall here was originally between waist and shoulder-high. It was a farm fence, made of stones picked up from the farm fields full of lime stone outcroppings common to the Shenandoah Valley. The wall ran east-west to the top of a long . . . — — Map (db m185113) HM
Southern General Thomas Jackson was already going by the nickname "Stonewall" when he directed his troops to this location to support the Southern artillery on Sandy Ridge. Ironically, his troops' retreat from this stone wall led to Jackson's only . . . — — Map (db m185120) HM
The fort on the hilltop to the north is one of a chain of defenses commanding the crossings of the Opequon. It was constructed by Milroy in 1863. — — Map (db m80324) HM
Douglas School, Winchester's public school for Black children, originated ca. 1878 with classes in the Old Stone Church. In the 1920s, overcrowding prompted citizens to campaign for better facilities. Built with state funds and a bequest from John . . . — — Map (db m273508) HM
When James A. Davis, a native of southwest Virginia, former member of Virginia's House of Delegates, and administrator at Ferrum College, took office as Shenandoah's 15th president on January 1, 1982, the institution faced various challenges. . . . — — Map (db m290350) HM
Madison S. Briscoe, biologist, was raised in this house, attended the local Black school, and earned degrees from Storer College and Lincoln, Columbia,and Catholic Universities. He taught at Storer, where he co-founded the pre-medical program, and . . . — — Map (db m201481) HM
Birth: June 5, 1901 Death: February 5, 1957
Dr. Finley, whose dental office was located at 232 East Piccadilly Street from 1936 until the 1950s, was the black community's only practicing dentist beginning in 1928. He also taught science and . . . — — Map (db m96111) HM
After initial fighting south of Winchester on June 13, 1863, Union commander Gen. Robert H. Milroy concentrated his forces in the triangle formed by Fort Milroy, West Fort, and Star Fort. On the evening of June 14, Confederate Gen. Jubal A. . . . — — Map (db m258484) HM
Time: Mid-Afternoon
By mid-afternoon, this area was swarming with Union troops preparing to attack across Red Bud Run, which les less than 200 yards down the slope in front of you.
By that time, the battle had reached a stalemate, and . . . — — Map (db m204196) HM
In 1875, when obvious that the city's black children were going to need a school, black Baptists who owned the Old Stone Church gave the city school board a 99-year lease on its building for $1. In return, the school board was charged with making . . . — — Map (db m237514) HM
(sidebar)
On September 18, 1864, Confederate Gen. Jubal Early, commander of Confederate forces in the Shenandoah Valley, was in Martinsburg, West Virginia, 23 miles north of here, with half of his army. While there, he learned that Union . . . — — Map (db m155062) HM
Honor the Brave Erected to commemorate the Bayonet Charge of the Eighth Vermont Vol's. led by Genl. Stephen Thomas Sept. 19, 1864. Committed to the care of those once a brave foe. Now our generous friends gift of Comrade Herbert E. Hill Boston . . . — — Map (db m26564) HM
Pvt. William Allison Fleming, who was born near Fairmont, VA in Marion County, enlisted in August 1861 and was assigned to Company F, 12th Virginia Infantry (Union). He saw action on this battlefield in these two engagements:
Battle of . . . — — Map (db m259779) HM
Three generations of the Pritchard family utilized enslaved labor in their farming and business ventures from at least as early as 1778 to the time of the Civil War. Stephen Pritchard, Sr. (1745-1819) and his son Stephen Jr. (1776-1858) each held . . . — — Map (db m259965) HM
This old stone house was for many years the homeplace of the Evans family. William Armstead "Shug" Evans, a free Black, came to Winchester from southern Virginia before the Civil War. He first operated a stage line from Winchester south to Strasburg . . . — — Map (db m273781) HM
The Shenandoah Valley's strategic location and rich farmland caused it to be the scene of two major Civil War campaigns that comprised hundreds of battles and skirmishes. Many Valley farms, like Rose Hill, became battlefields or campgrounds . . . — — Map (db m3498) HM
On the morning of March 23, 1862, Union Colonel Nathan Kimball held "Pritchard's Hill," the high ground on the Pritchard Farm, located on the other side of Route 37 (built in the 1960s). The farm is now preserved by the Kernstown Battlefield . . . — — Map (db m310597) HM
As the sun began to set on March 23, 1862, the balance of power at the First Battle of Kernstown began to shift. The hard fought infantry battle on Sandy Ridge was breaking in favor of the attacking Union forces.
As the fresh Union troops . . . — — Map (db m310268) HM
Was fought here Sunday, March 23, 1862 Confederates under Gen. T.J. “Stonewall” Jackson attacked Federals under Gen. James Shields. The fighting was chiefly west of the road and continued from early afternoon until nightfall. When Jackson retired . . . — — Map (db m2635) HM
(sidebar)
In the excitement of battle I could aim at them only forty or fifty yards from me, as coolly as I ever did at a squirrel. But now it seems very much like murder. They would throw up their hands and fall every time we would get a . . . — — Map (db m185031) HM
At 9:00 A.M. on March 23, 1862, Confederate artillery unlimbered near the Valley Turnpike and fired on this height, called Pritchard’s Hill, to begin the First Battle of Kernstown. Union artillery rolled onto these knolls and responded by . . . — — Map (db m2197) HM
At 9:00 A.M. on March 23, 1862, Confederate artillery unlimbered near the Valley Turnpike and fired on this height, called Pritchard's Hill, to begin the First Battle of Kernstown. Union artillery rolled onto these knolls and responded by . . . — — Map (db m159173) HM
The low, marshy ground stretching from here to the distant road lay uncontested through the five-hour artillery duel that opened the First Battle of Kernstown. The scene changed dramatically at 2:00 P.M. when 900 Virginians marched toward this . . . — — Map (db m254335) HM
The low, marshy ground stretching from here to the distant road lay uncontested throughout the five-hour artillery duel that opened the First Battle of Kernstown. The scene changed dramatically at 2:00 p.m. when 900 Virginians marched toward this . . . — — Map (db m159183) HM
"Believing that [the enemy] had other forces near at hand, I did not propose to walk into the net."
—Union Col. Nathan Kimball
Explaining why he declined to attack the smaller Confederate force during the early stages of . . . — — Map (db m155106) HM
The First Battle of Kernstown, fought by 10,000 Americans on March 23, 1862, was the first battle waged in the Shenandoah Valley. Throughout the morning, sixteen Union cannon crowned the knolls of Pritchard’s Hill (the high ground immediately north . . . — — Map (db m2169) HM
On May 24, 1862, Confederate forces under Major General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson pursued Major General Nathaniel Banks’ Union Army from Strasburg to Winchester. Banks made a stand south of Winchester, posting one of two infantry brigades on . . . — — Map (db m2570) HM
Here Confederate Maj. Gen. Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson and his army, early on the morning of 25 May 1862, defeated Union Maj. Gen. Nathaniel P. Bank’s forces during Jackson’s Shenandoah Valley campaign. Banks, outnumbered and outflanked, hastily . . . — — Map (db m2596) HM
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