Created in 1818 by an act of Alabama Territorial Legislature. Autauga Indians lived on creek from which the county takes its name. Autaugas were members of the Alibamo tribe. They sent many warriors to resist Andrew Jackson's invasion in Creek War. . . . — — Map (db m27907) HM
This cemetery is one of the oldest cemeteries in Autauga County having been established as a burial ground by at least 1841. The land was officially set aside as a burial ground when the county seat was in this area from 1834 to 1868. The area . . . — — Map (db m82561) HM
Bottle Creek Site
has been designated a
National
Historic Landmark
This site possesses National Significance
in Commemorating the History of the
United States of America . . . — — Map (db m100849) HM
Just a half century prior to the founding of the town of Blakeley, an Apalachee Indian village stood on this spot. The village was founded in the early 1700s by Apalachee refugees fleeing warfare in Florida for the relative safety of French . . . — — Map (db m131851) HM
The Bottle Creek site is the second largest mound center in Alabama and it represents the remnants of a large Mississippian Stage civic and ceremonial complex that dominated the Mobile-Tensaw Delta from AD 1250 to 1500. Located in the heart of the . . . — — Map (db m131832) HM
The City of Daphne was incorporated July 8, 1927 with a population of 500. its history, however, dates to a much earlier period. Research and artifacts show that Tensaw, Alabama, Choctaw, Creeks, and Seminole Indians all lived in the this area prior . . . — — Map (db m100843) HM
This Shell Banks Baptist Church rests near the location of the first Indian village in America visited by a white man. This was the Indian village of “Achuse” visited by Admiral Maldonado who was one of De Sotos officers. He scouted . . . — — Map (db m66295) HM
A trail used in early times by Indians, Spanish Explorers, French Settlers and later by soldiers during the battle of Spanish Fort 1865. At one time a stream driven train paralleled this trace. Its ancient road bed can still be seen south of this . . . — — Map (db m100877) HM
Rendezvous for Indians, Spanish, French and English Explorers. In 1865, Three Confederate Brigades, outnumbered 10 to 1, engaged the Army of West Mississippi (Union Forces) in the last battle of the War Between the States. March 26~April 9, 1865. — — Map (db m100844) HM
27 July 1813 – Battle of Burnt Corn
30 August 1813 – Fort Mims Massacre
31 August 1813 – Kimbell – James Massacre
2 September 1813 – Attack at Fort Sinquefield
13 September 1813 – Wood's Bluff . . . — — Map (db m122631) HM WM
Front:
In 1813, people on the United States southwestern frontier were fearful. The Redstick faction of the Creek Indian Nation opposed growing American influence in the area and had voted for war. However, Creeks living in the Tensaw . . . — — Map (db m116678) HM
Front:
Historic Stockton
Modern Stockton is situated on a hill just above the original settlement, which was abandoned around 1840 because of Yellow Fever outbreaks. No verified source for the town name exists. Most likely it was . . . — — Map (db m66390) HM
Side 1
In 1828, Reverend John Wesley Norton left his native South Carolina with his family and a wagon train of followers, crossed into the Creek Indian Nation and just into the edge of what was then Pike County, settling near the . . . — — Map (db m78123) HM
"Chief Eufaula," the man often referred to in the historical record as "Yoholo Micco," was a Creek chieftain from the Upper Creek town of Eufaula. Born in the late 1700s, he fought alongside allied Creeks with United States forces against his Red . . . — — Map (db m101427) HM
A primary factor in the eventual expulsion of the Creeks from their ancestral homeland was the fact that their territory was some of the best suited in the nation for the production of cotton. Containing enormous tracts of productive soils, a long . . . — — Map (db m101658) HM
At the dawn of the recorded history of this land, the Creek Indians owned it. Before the men who built the great houses and the men who made the laws settled this area, the United States of America ceded this land to the Creek Indians for “As . . . — — Map (db m89608) HM
The Second Creek war resulted in the final expulsion of the Creeks from eastern Alabama and paved the way for large-scale American settlement. The town of Irwinton gradually expanded westward from the bluff overlooking the Chattahoochee in the years . . . — — Map (db m101361) HM
The area surrounding Eufaula was once part of a regional Creek population center. Towns of note in the region included Sawokli (also known as Sabacola) and the town of Eufaula for which the modern city is named. Trails linked these closely-connected . . . — — Map (db m101355) HM
In 1836 long-simmering tensions between Creeks and American settlers erupted into warfare. The Creeks, crowded onto the last portion of their ancestral homeland and witnessing the rampant theft of their lands, had also become subject to harsh laws . . . — — Map (db m101360) HM
A small group of American settlers from Georgia formed a community called Eufaula in this vicinity as early as 1823. The settlement began to grow in importance later in the decade through the influence of prominent local landholder and Creek War . . . — — Map (db m101357) HM
Louisville is one of the oldest communities in southeastern Alabama. Locąted within territory ceded by the Creeks in the Treaty of Fort Jackson (1814) ending the Creek War, the area was first settled by Americans as early as 1817. Many of its . . . — — Map (db m111642) HM
The battles of Hobdy's Bridge and Pea River were the result of the desperate attempt of Creeks to avoid removal to the West by fleeing to Florida along trails bordering the Pea and Conecuh Rivers. The battles marked the last large-scale . . . — — Map (db m111627) HM
The Second Creek War began in May of 1836 when a portion of area Creeks, angry at their treatment in the wake of the Treaty of Cusseta and in desperate circumstances, struck out against American settlements. A series of small battles occurred . . . — — Map (db m111618) HM
1820-1889 seat of Blount County, a county older than the State.
Named for Tennessee Governor W. G. Blount who sent Andrew Jackson to aid Alabama settlers in Creek Indian War, 1812-1814.
Indian Chief Bear Meat lived here at crossing of . . . — — Map (db m156445) HM
Created Feb. 7, 1818 by Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by the Creek Indian Nation. Named for the Tennessee Governor W. G. Blount, who sent militia under Andrew Jackson to punish the Creeks for Fort Mims massacre. Jackson fought and . . . — — Map (db m24353) HM
The Treaty of Fort Jackson of August 9, 1814, by Major General Andrew Jackson on behalf of the President of the United States of America and the Chiefs, Deputies and Warriors of the Creek Nation, established a boundary line between the Mississippi . . . — — Map (db m61026) HM
The Treaty of Fort Jackson of August 9, 1814, by Major General Andrew Jackson on behalf of the President of the United States of America and the Chiefs, Deputies and Warriors of the Creek Nation, established a boundary line between the Mississippi . . . — — Map (db m202468) HM
(obverse)
The Butler Massacre
On March 20, 1818, Capt. William Butler, Capt. James Saffold, William Gardener, Daniel Shaw and John Hinson left Fort Bibb to meet Col. Sam Dale. They were attacked near Pine Barren Creek by Savannah . . . — — Map (db m83259) HM
Side 1
Created in 1819 by Act of Alabama Territorial Legislature from lands ceded by the Creek Indian Nation by the Treaty of Fort Jackson, 1814.
Named for Captain William Butler, soldier of Creek Indian War, 1813-14, early settler . . . — — Map (db m70755) HM
Ogly-Stroud Massacre
William Ogly built his cabin near this site at Poplar Springs along the Federal Road, and was killed here with most of his family on March 13, 1818. His friend Eli Stroud's wife was fatally wounded and their infant . . . — — Map (db m120933) HM
Greenville's oldest, established 1819. Captain William Butler, for whom the county was named, buried here. He was killed fighting Indians led by Savannah Jack in March, 1818. Greenville's oldest church, a community church established in 1822, . . . — — Map (db m70751) HM
The Federal Road and the Palings
The Federal Road was built in 1806 as a shorter route from Washington to New Orleans and the new Louisiana Territory. The road entered Alabama at Fort Mitchell, Georgia and passed through Butler County near this . . . — — Map (db m130050) HM
At this site, on Nov. 3, 1813, after the Battle of
Tallasehatchee, known then as Talluschatches,
during the Creek Indian War,
Gen. Andrew Jackson found a dead
Creek Indian woman embracing her living
infant son. Gen. Jackson, upon hearing that . . . — — Map (db m36551) HM
Gen. John Coffee, commanding 900 Tennessee Volunteers, surrounded Indians nearby; killed some 200 warriors. This was first American victory. It avenged earlier massacre of 517 at Ft. Mims by Indians. — — Map (db m27610) HM
The Chief Ladiga Trail was named for a Creek Indian leader who signed the Cusseta Treaty in 1832. Under the terms of that agreement, the Creeks gave up claim to their remaining lands in northeast Alabama. Because he had signed the treaty, Ladiga was . . . — — Map (db m36438) HM
Life here has long centered on education beginning in 1834 when a one-acre plot of land was reserved for a schoolhouse. Through the years, various institutions of higher learning developed that culminated into present-day Jacksonville State . . . — — Map (db m36429) HM
The Archaic period covers a vast expanse of time (8,250 years).
Many changes occurred during the Archaic period. For
example, the climate and vegetation that Early Archaic people
saw was much different than the climate and vegetation that
Late . . . — — Map (db m160554) HM
In 2007, the City of Oxford began planning what is today known as
Choccolocco Park. Discoveries at the site identified the presence of the
humans inhabiting this land as early as 10,000 years ago. Oxford undertook
an archaeological investigation . . . — — Map (db m144980) HM
First incorporated as a town, February 7, 1852, in Benton County, Oxford's second incorporation was approved February 21, 1860 in Calhoun County. Long before this territory was “settled”, it was inhabited by Creek Indians. In the time . . . — — Map (db m106589) HM
The Mississippian inhabitants of Choccolocco were skilled
agriculturalists who grew corn, squash and beans in addition to
the many wild plants that they harvested. Archaeologists
working here have found the remains of many of these plants in
the . . . — — Map (db m144950) HM
During the Mississippi period earthen mound construction
resumed at Choccolocco. Mound building was a community
effort and these earthen constructions served as the center of
community life for large towns like the one depicted at right.
This . . . — — Map (db m144936) HM
Welcome! We are the Arbeka (Abihka). This is the ceremonial
ground of our ancestors who once called this valley their home.
When the Arbeka (Abihka) were forced to remove to Oklahoma
they carried the sacred fire from this place to their new home. . . . — — Map (db m144923) HM
The ancestral traditions of the Muscogee (Creek) Nation are still practiced
today. Among these is a game called “Little Brother of War" or "stickball”.
The game is used to settle disagreements, to toughen warriors and
sometimes for . . . — — Map (db m144938) HM
By AD 1730, the English, French and Spanish had all established colonies
in the region. It was also around this time that the people within the
Coosa, Tallapoosa and Chattahoochee Valleys, known to history as the
Arbekas (Abihkas), Tallapoosas, . . . — — Map (db m145022) HM
The people living during the Paleoindian period experienced a
world very different from that we know today. These people
lived during the last ice age when large mammals still roamed
North America. Archaeologists sometimes refer to these . . . — — Map (db m144948) HM
The stone mound here once sat on nearby Signal Mountain and is now
understood to be part of a much larger cultural landscape. Working with
the Muscogee (Creek) Nation and the people of the Arbeka (Abihka)
Ceremonial Ground, archaeologist Robert . . . — — Map (db m144927) HM
The arrival of European explorers and colonists in North
America disrupted the Mississippian world in ways that
researchers are still working to understand. Spanish
explorer Hernando de Soto arrived in the interior in AD
1540. He traveled . . . — — Map (db m144973) HM
Centered around Boiling Spring, the
Choccolocco Creek Archaeological
Complex once consisted of at least
three earthen mounds, a large stone
mound, and a large snake effigy
(representation) also made of stone.
The largest earthen mound once . . . — — Map (db m144926) HM
Today, the people who once inhabited this region of Alabama are recognized
by the federal government as belonging to several tribes: the Muscogee
(Creek) Nation, Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town, Kialegee Tribal Town, and
Thlopthlocco Tribal Town of . . . — — Map (db m144937) HM
{Timeline from 12,500 BC to AD 1979}
Creek Chiefs During the Removal Period
Selocta, Chinnabee, Soletawv Cetto Yupe, Horned Snake Soldier
Opothle Yahola
Menawa
William McIntosh — — Map (db m145089) HM
The interpretive trail winds through what was once the 19th century
Muscogee (Creek) Nation town of Choccolocco. Archaeologists have
found evidence that Native Americans began coming to this place about
8,000 BC and the establishment of long-term . . . — — Map (db m145097) HM
Woodland period people established permanent communities
within a climate and forest that was very similar to that
experienced by today's residents of the Choccolocco Valley. By
AD 100, the residents had started constructing the earthen
mound . . . — — Map (db m144977) HM
Chambers County, created December 18, 1832 from Creek Indian cession. Named for Dr. Henry C. Chambers of Madison County, member of Constitutional Convention 1819, legislature of 1820, elected U.S. Senator 1825 but died enroute to Washington.
. . . — — Map (db m18162) HM
A flourishing, ancient town of the Muscogee Indians known as Ocfuskooche Tallahassee (Old Town) stood on this site. English traders from Charles Town visited it about 1685. A trail known as "Old Horse Path" led from this village to the Tallapoosa. . . . — — Map (db m36315) HM
This general area is believed to be the site of the Indian village of Costa visited by DeSoto July 2, 1540. The very old cedar trees may have been here at that time. They are some of the largest in the Southeast. These cedars are among the . . . — — Map (db m114988) HM
Area 575 square miles. Aborigines inhabited area 4000 B.C. Cherokee and Creek Historic Indians about 1300-May 1838. Hernando De Soto-First white man July 1540. First white settlers about 1810 from VA, NC, SC, GA, and Tenn. Formed Cherokee Cession . . . — — Map (db m133321) HM
This area had long been home to the Cherokee Indians and the first white settlers did not arrive until the early 1800's. On December 29, 1835, the Cherokees signed a controversial treaty surrendering their lands here to the U.S. Government. A short . . . — — Map (db m114840) HM
Final resting place of Chief Pathkiller (B. 1749 - D. 1827) who served as principal chief of the Cherokee Nation. Many prominent early settlers are also interred here including newspaper editor and publisher, Confederate infantry captain and . . . — — Map (db m114282) HM
Cherokee Chief Pathkiller owned a ferry across the Coosa River at this location in the early 1820's. His home was a short distance on the east side of the river. Upon Pathkiller's death in 1827, John Ride, a prominent Cherokee gained a majority . . . — — Map (db m114281) HM
One mile south was an important Indian Council site from about 1707. Named for noted chief, the "Turkey". Here in October 1816, a council of Cherokees, Creeks, and Chickasaws met to settle boundaries and ratify a peace treaty. General Andrew . . . — — Map (db m114989) HM
One hundred feet east was one site where "The Trail of Tears" began. On May 23, 1838 the Indians of this general area, who had been held in a chestnut log stockade after being gathered by the U.S. Army, began their long trek to Oklahoma.
The . . . — — Map (db m114398) HM
Cherokee County established - 1836
Area Cherokee Indians relocated - 1838
Taff Community established - 1842
Community named in honor of Taff family - 1842
Union and Confederate soldiers occupied the area - 1864
Taff post office established . . . — — Map (db m114743) HM
Established by Choctaw and Creek Indians about 1808 as the northern limit of boundary line between their lands. This line begins at the cut-off in South Clarke County, follows the watershed between Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers without crossing . . . — — Map (db m83271) HM
This 4000 acre complex has been recognized for its contribution to our understanding of the history of Monroe County and the State of Alabama. Originally developed as a cotton plantation during the Antebellum period, this farm has been in continuous . . . — — Map (db m80345) HM
Founded in 1809 by George Strother Gaines as Choctaw-Creek Indian Trading Post on Alabama River, now Gainestown Landing. Here lived Alabama Indians for whom State & River named. At Battle of Maubila De Soto's hogs escaped, from whence . . . — — Map (db m101609) HM
On November 12, 1813, the Canoe Fight, one of the key assaults of the Creek War, took place nearby at the mouth of Randons Creek where it flows into the Alabama River. Following the Fort Mims Massacre in August, small bands of Creek warriors . . . — — Map (db m101574) HM
Here was located the large and important Central Salt Works. Official government reports indicate that salt was being mined at this works as early as 1816, but the Indians had obtained salt here for centuries prior to this. During the blockade of . . . — — Map (db m101605) HM
Near this site, is the gravesite of Maj. Jeremiah Austill, folk hero & prominent figure in the early settlement of Clarke County. Born in 1794 in S. C., he lived, along with his parents, Capt. Evan and Sara Austill, among the Cherokee in Ga. . . . — — Map (db m101588) HM
This marks the site of pioneer stockade
commanded by Captains Sam Dale and
Evan Austill. Choctaw Chieftain
Pushmattaha often here. Expedition
terminating in noted Canoe Fight on
Alabama River immediately east of
this site, was . . . — — Map (db m101566) HM
These springs, once called the celebrated watering place, believed at one time to have numbered seventeen, all in an area smaller than a baseball diamond, are about Ό mile south from this point at the headwaters of Tallahatta Creek.
They and . . . — — Map (db m203671) HM
Fort Sinquefield
Kimbell - James Massacre
Creek War 1812-13
Erected by Clarke County School Children 1931
Lest we forget Hayden and his dogs. — — Map (db m115627) HM
Sept. 1, 1813
Creek Indian War. 1813-14
Part of War of 1812. British used Pensacola as base to arm, incite Indians against U.S..
Prophet Francis led Indians in this raid on Kimbell home. They killed and scalped 12 of 14 (two survivors . . . — — Map (db m47635) HM
Here passed the Old Indian Trail used as a dividing line between the Choctaw and Creek Tribes.
General Andrew Jackson and his troops rested here for the night in 1813. — — Map (db m47633) HM
Commences at the Cut-Off, or the first high ground in that vicinity, follows the watershed between the Alabama and Tombigbee Rivers, and ends at Choctaw Corner. Established in 1808 by the Creek and Choctaw Indians as the dividing line between their . . . — — Map (db m47628) HM
Front
Originally home to Creek and Choctaw Indians, Whatley was first settled by pioneers about 1808. Some of the most famous events in Clarke Countys history happened in or near Whatley. A Creek War battle occurred here in 1812 at Fort . . . — — Map (db m110971) HM
Side 1
Clay County and the
Creek Indian War of 1813-14
During the Creek Indian War of 1813-14, a subset of the War of 1812 with England, numerous figures prominent in American history marched over what would become Clay . . . — — Map (db m95100) HM
As you walk across this mountain, you will step in their
footsteps. They worked, played, laughed, cried, loved, fought,
and admired this mountain. Rock shelters near the base of the
mountain have revealed archaeological evidence of the
presence . . . — — Map (db m175321) HM
Hostile Creeks attacked Andrew Jackson, withdrawing to Ft. Strother, Jan. 24, 1814. His troops broke through lines, kept on to Ft. Strother. But Creeks boasted that they defeated 'Capt. Jack', drove him to the Coosa. — — Map (db m95076) HM
The De Soto Trail
Hernando De Soto in Alabama
Hernando de Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto . . . — — Map (db m114373) HM
During the early 1800s, a slave-owning planter class including George Colberts family, emerged among the Chickasaw.
Georges success stemmed from a variety of endeavors. He fought with the Americans against the Shawnee and Creeks, traveled to . . . — — Map (db m107261) HM
Here, near the bubbling waters of Buzzard Roost Spring, Levi Colbert (Itawamba Minko, “Bench Chief”) built one of the many inns—called stands—along the Natchez Trace.
But it was Colberts negotiating and language skills . . . — — Map (db m107265) HM
George Colbert's stand sat atop the ridge before you. As one of many inns that dotted the Trace between Nashville and Natchez, it provided travelers with food and lodging.
With a Scottish father and Chickasaw mother, George Colbert used his . . . — — Map (db m107260) HM
was moved by Benjamin Smith from Pontotoc, Miss. in 1825 to this site, known as Bennkhinnah, where it remained until 1837. Bennkhinnah Post Office, established at the Agency in 1829, was renamed Newport in 1837. In 1856 with D. C. Oates as . . . — — Map (db m156992) HM
This monument is to memorialize Chickasaw Chief George Colbert who operated a river ferry, travelers stand, and had a home on this Natchez Trace site. Colbert Co. AL was named in his honor. — — Map (db m84706) HM
In the early 1800s, ferries like the one George Colbert ran near here on the Tennessee River linked segments of the Natchez Trace. Ferries carried people across the river—for a fee. Post riders, Kaintucks, military troops, casual travelers, . . . — — Map (db m107258) HM
Inns, or stands, provided occasional shelter for travelers along the Natchez Trace. These stands offered flood to eat and food for thought: local news, information, and ideas. The ever-changing mix of diverse populations—whites, American . . . — — Map (db m107263) HM
Frontier America once walked along the Natchez Trace.
The Chickasaw and Choctaw used the Trace for transportation and trade. After 1801, with tribal permission, post riders who rode the Trace connected isolated settlements in Mississippi and . . . — — Map (db m107257) HM
Natural and Cultural Preservation
TVA is fully committed to protecting our natural and cultural resources. And nowhere is that more evident than right here at Wilson Dam.
Here, the 25-acre Old First quarters Small Wild Area showcases the . . . — — Map (db m106189)
Side A Prehistoric man arrived in this area bout 10,000 years ago.
Later Indian cultures left many stone artifacts and pottery vessels.
In the 1780s, a French trading post and Indian village were located near the mouth of Spring Creek. . . . — — Map (db m83389) HM
Side 1
Oka Kapassa (Ococoposa), meaning "Cold Water", was the Chickasaw name given to Spring Creek and to a trading post established near the Tennessee River about 1780. About 1817, Michael Dickerson and others were greeted at what by . . . — — Map (db m83393) HM
(Obverse):
The area around the Big Spring was inhabited by prehistoric Native Americans as early as 10,000 years ago. The first settlement was a French trading post and Indian village about 1780 on Cold Water Creek (Spring Creek) near the . . . — — Map (db m83396) HM
Panel 1
Tuscumbia and much of the Shoals area played an integral part in the "Trail of Tears" with the Tennessee River route and the overland routes. In 1825, the U.S. Government formally adopted a removal policy, which was carried out . . . — — Map (db m83403) HM
Big Spring (average daily flow 35,000,000 gallons) provided water for town founded on its banks.
Michael Dickson of Tennessee was first settler (about 1817). Town laid out in 1819 and incorporated as Ococoposo (Cold Water, 1820).
Name changed to . . . — — Map (db m83453) HM
Near Bermuda was the home of Jeremiah Austill, who won fame in the canoe fight on the Alabama River during the Creek Indian War. His first wife, Sarah, died of injuries from falling off a fence during an Indian raid. — — Map (db m81280) HM
Evergreen, the county seat of Conecuh County, is located in the central part of the county on the Louisville & Nashville Railroad. Founded in 1819 by James Cosey, George Andrews and the Clough Brothers, Evergreen was originally known as "Coseys . . . — — Map (db m81287) HM
Midway was one of the first settlements established in Conecuh County along the Post Road which later became the Old Federal Road. Long serving as a hub for Indian trails branching out to the north, northeast and northwest, the Midway town site once . . . — — Map (db m81277) HM
Andrew Jackson in Seminole War
with an army of 1200 camped here
in May 1818
enroute westward from Fort Gadsden
to subdue marauding Indians
abetted by Spaniards at Pensacola.
Jackson determined to seize Pensacola . . . — — Map (db m99237) HM
Daleville, originally called Dale, was the county seat of Dale County from 1831-1841. William Harper was probate judge of Dale County, which was originally included in present-day Coffee County until 1841, present-day Geneva County until 1868, and . . . — — Map (db m41145) HM
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