On 7th Street at N Court Street, on the right when traveling west on 7th Street.
First Missionary Baptist Church was originally constructed across Autauga
Creek in the 1850s as a white Presbyterian church. That congregation
gifted the building to the Black congregation several decades later.
For over a century, the First . . . — — Map (db m303955) HM
On Upper Kingston Road at Hadnott Way, on the right when traveling north on Upper Kingston Road.
Sallie Mae Hadnott was a leading civil rights activist in Autauga
County During the 1960s and 1970s, at great personal risk,
Hadnott helped found and lead several organizations dedicated
to improving the lives of African American citizens and . . . — — Map (db m294216) HM
On Courthouse Square at U.S. 31, on the left when traveling north on Courthouse Square.
Lynching in America
Between 1865 and 1950, at least 6,500 African Americans were victims
of lynch mob violence in the United States. After the Civil War, an
ongoing commitment to white supremacy led to organized resistance to
Black . . . — — Map (db m207065) HM
On T V McCoo Boulevard South at E Union Street, on the right when traveling south on T V McCoo Boulevard South.
Located within the Seth Lore and Irwinton National Register Historic
District, the structure that houses St. Luke A.M.E. Church was built c. 1840
by Gill Shorter for the First Baptist Church of Irwinton, now known as
Eufaula. That congregation . . . — — Map (db m291426) HM
On East Broad Street at Riverside Drive, on the left when traveling east on East Broad Street.
The Lynching of William "Willie Lee" Jenkins. On January 10, 1922, a mob of white people brutally lynched a 26-year-old Black World War I veteran named William "Willie Lee Jenkins near Eufaula. Mob members abducted Mr. Jenkins, tortured him, . . . — — Map (db m306132) HM
On Old Troy Road, on the left when traveling west.
Margaret Elizabeth Merritt of Midway sold two acres for $5 to the state of Alabama in 1921 as a site for an elementary school for African-American children. Built in 1922 with matching Rosenwald funds, the Midway Colored Public School featured oak . . . — — Map (db m60910) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
On May 11, 2011, 40 students who were retracing the route of the original Freedom Ride, arrived in Anniston. The student Freedom Ride was part of a promotion organized by WGBH/Boston, a member of the Public Broadcasting system. The goal was to . . . — — Map (db m217423) HM
On East 10th Street, on the right when traveling east.
When seven injured "Freedom Riders" arrived at the Hospital on
this date, the mob that had attacked them earlier in the day
followed. The Riders were testing desegregation of public
transportation in the South by riding buses. The bus they . . . — — Map (db m106647) HM
On East 10th Street at Wilmer Avenue, on the right when traveling east on East 10th Street.
Desegregation of the Library began when two African American
pastors, Reverends William B. McClain and Nimrod Q. Reynolds,
peacefully attempted to enter the building on September 15, 1963.
Their actions were endorsed by the city of Anniston . . . — — Map (db m106644) HM
On Gurnee Avenue south of 12th Street, on the right when traveling south.
In the early 1940s, all of the buildings
on Block 148 were demolished to make
way for two new buildings, the USO
Recreation Center and a public health
building. Paul W. Hofferbert designed the
USO building for the Army. Hofferbert
was a local . . . — — Map (db m217677) HM
On Albert P. Brewer Highway (State Highway 202) west of Old Birmingham Highway, on the right when traveling east.
On May 14, 1961, a Greyhound bus left Atlanta, GA carrying among its passengers seven members of the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), a.k.a. the Freedom Riders, on a journey to test interstate bus segregation. The bus was met by an angry mob . . . — — Map (db m35737) HM
On Gurnee Avenue north of West 10th Street, on the right when traveling north.
Front
This was the site of the Greyhound bus terminal where on May 14, 1961, a bus carrying black and white Civil Rights Activists known as "Freedom Riders" was attacked by a mob of whites who were protesting desegregation of public . . . — — Map (db m106621) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
The violence reached a crescendo when a flaming bundle of rags was thrown into one of the broken windows. Within seconds, the bundle exploded, sending dark gray smoke throughout the bus.
Three of the Riders found open windows, dropping to the . . . — — Map (db m217417) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
Prelude: 12 p.m.- 12:54 p.m.
Just before this picture of the Greyhound Bus Depot at 1031 Gurnee (below left) was taken, approximately 75 men had gathered in front of it. They quickly dispersed as free-lance photographer for The Anniston Star, . . . — — Map (db m217412) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
Pursuit: 1:25 p.m. - 1:35 p.m.
Heading to Birmingham, the battered bus turned south on Gurnee from the station and west on 10th St. while men rushed to their cars to follow. Police escorted the bus to the city limits where they turned back, . . . — — Map (db m217416) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
Rescue
Once there, all of the injured were treated at the urging of an FBI agent on the scene. In the meantime, the crowd outside the hospital grew larger and more menacing, with some Klansmen threatening to burn the building to the ground. At . . . — — Map (db m217420) HM
On East D Street at South Christine Avenue, on the left when traveling east on East D Street.
Saint John, founded at the turn of the 19th century, is the first
African-American Methodist Episcopal Church in South Anniston.
The original structure was built in 1922. The current building was
erected in 1951 on the corner of D Street and . . . — — Map (db m144905) HM
On West 17th Street at Cooper Avenue, on the right when traveling west on West 17th Street.
Seventeenth Street Missionary Baptist Church served as the home of "mass meetings" for black Annistonians who planned and executed Anniston's part of the Civil Rights Movement. Reverends D.C. Washington (1937-1960) and Nimrod Q. Reynolds . . . — — Map (db m106651) HM
On West 4th Street east of Spruce Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
Local "Jim Crow" laws in the first half of the 20th century enforced racial segregation in public transportation facilities throughout the South. The U.S. Supreme Court decision in Boynton v. Virginia (1960) upheld that segregation in these . . . — — Map (db m106602) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
The Ambush: 12:54 p.m. - 1:10 p.m.
The silence didn't last long. Anniston Klansman William Chappell and a screaming mob of about 50 white men surrounded the bus. An 18-year-old Klansman, Roger Couch, lay on the pavement in front of the bus to . . . — — Map (db m217413) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
While the Riders awaited rescue, the bus continued to burn. The Anniston Fire Department extinguished the flames and administered oxygen. A state trooper called an ambulance, but it took Cowling to force the driver to carry the injured black Riders . . . — — Map (db m217419) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
The Rides began in May 1961 when the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) decided to test a 1960 U. S. Supreme Court ruling that outlawed segregation in depot restaurants and restrooms serving interstate passengers.
Previously, CORE had organized a . . . — — Map (db m217406) HM
On Gurnee Avenue south of 12th Street, on the right when traveling south.
The Anniston City Commission, on May 16, 1963, established by resolution the Human Relations Council, consisting of five white men and four black men. The Council's purpose was to "make recommendations concerning human relations," and its members . . . — — Map (db m106627) HM
On West 11th Street at Gurnee Avenue, on the right when traveling west on West 11th Street.
Willie Brewster became the target of white extremists after words spoken at a National States Rights Party encouraged them to commit acts of violence against blacks. As Brewster drove home with co-workers from the night shift at Union Foundry, he . . . — — Map (db m106626) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
The most famous photograph of the Freedom Rides and one of the most iconic of the Civil Rights movement was taken by a freelance photographer for The Anniston Star. Joe Postiglione, called Little Joe by his friends, was tipped off by the . . . — — Map (db m217422) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
The Alabama Knights of the Ku Klux Klan had known about the Freedom Ride since mid-April and had detailed information on the city-by-city itinerary, thanks to FBI memos forwarded to the Birmingham Police Department. In a series of secret meetings in . . . — — Map (db m217411) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
CORE leadership solicited applicants for the Ride from outside the organization as well as CORE veterans. They tried to achieve a reasonably balanced mixture of black and white, young and old, religious and secular. The only deliberate imbalance was . . . — — Map (db m217410) HM
On Noble Street at East 9th Street, on the right when traveling north on Noble Street.
1st Panel
Two busloads of Freedom Riders arrived in Alabama on Sunday, May 14, 1961, bound for New Orleans. It was an organized effort by the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE) to challenge the South's continued defiance of U. S. . . . — — Map (db m106721) HM
On Noble Street at 9th Street, on the right when traveling north on Noble Street.
Throughout the first half of the 20th century, race relations in the South were dominated by local "Jim Crow" laws. Although in 1960 the Supreme Court ruled that racial segregation violated the Interstate Commerce Act, local laws persisted. . . . — — Map (db m106605) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
But the Ride didn't end. The national newspaper and television coverage of what had happened galvanized the Nashville Student Movement, which already had experience successfully challenging segregationist practices through lunch counter sit-ins, . . . — — Map (db m217421) HM
On West 15th Street west of Walnut Avenue, on the right when traveling west.
This district was once the economic and social hub of Anniston's African American community. In its heyday (1940-1950), the District was a "city within a city," with businesses that catered to the black community. Grocery stores, restaurants, . . . — — Map (db m106650) HM
Near Gurnee Avenue south of West 11th Street, on the left when traveling south.
In Atlanta, the Riders separated into two integrated groups to board two different buses; the seven who were on the Greyhound bus destined for Anniston included:
Albert Bigelow, 55 white male from Connecticut (a retired naval officer, . . . — — Map (db m217409) HM
On Pelham Road North at College St SW on Pelham Road North.
The Civil Rights Act of 1964 opened the doors of educational opportunities for these students to pursue a different path to academic freedom. They walked miles to school, endured winter weather and other dangers that marked the unending ties of . . . — — Map (db m267047) HM
This is a replica of the original tablet from the 1924 World War I monument located in front of the Clarke County Courthouse. The monument was the first memorial ever erected to honor county war dead. It cost $1,650 and was paid for with . . . — — Map (db m57385) HM
On Adams Avenue north of Jones Street, on the right when traveling north.
In 1927, the Mulberry Baptist Association deeded five acres of land to the state of Alabama for a Rosenwald School for African-American schoolchildren. The five-teacher type school stood here until the 1960s. The state built the current buildings . . . — — Map (db m284061) HM
On S. Main Street close to 4th Street, on the right when traveling south.
Howell Thomas Heflin retired from a lifetime of distinguished public service in 1997, having served Alabama in the U.S. Senate for three consecutive terms. There he was known as a national leader on judicial, agricultural, defense, and space issues. . . . — — Map (db m28586) HM
On Ridgeway Road 0.1 miles north of Mulberry Road, on the right when traveling north.
Residents of the Mulberry community
constructed the school in 1922 after
purchasing the property from John
Ridgeway and his wife, Georgie A.
Ridgeway. Community members donated their time, talents, and materials
to construct the schoolhouse. . . . — — Map (db m284069) HM
On Andrews Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
D. A. Smith High School
Dale County
The first school building on this site for African Americans was constructed in 1939 and was named Ozark Negro High School. It was replaced during the separate but equal period in 1952 and renamed to D. . . . — — Map (db m132087) HM
On Business U.S. 80 north of Colby Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
Presented By
SCLC W.O.M.E.N. Inc., Women's Organizational Movement for
Equality Now
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
The Voting Rights Bridge Crossing/Selma to Montgomery
March/Jubilee Foundation and others,
Dr. Joseph E. . . . — — Map (db m224569) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street at J L Chestnut Boulevard, on the right when traveling south on Martin Luther King Jr. Street.
For centuries, Selma was a city where the rules of race
were enforced by humiliation and fear. But Selma gave
birth to one of the greatest grassroots campaigns in
historythe voting rights movement. The Selma to
Montgomery march was the . . . — — Map (db m112370) HM
On Broad Street (Business U.S. 80) at Water Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Broad Street.
'Bloody Sunday' Attack at Edmund Pettus Bridge
A voting registration campaign in 1965 turned tragic Feb. 17 when an Alabama state trooper fatally shot Jimmie Lee Jackson in Marion. It prompted a protest march from Selma to Montgomery that . . . — — Map (db m81944) HM
On Martin Luther King Street 0.1 miles south of Clark Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
Brown A.M.E. Chapel (in front of you) served as a safe haven for supporters during the voting rights campaign. Pastor P.H. Lewis and his congregation courageously broke the injunction prohibiting African Americans from holding mass meetings, making . . . — — Map (db m131995) HM
On Business U.S. 80 north of Colby Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
The bloodshed on this bridge
named to honor Klan Leader,
Edmund Pettus, must fuel our
resolve to secure the right to
vote in perpetuity. This park
was designed and donated by
Hank and Rose Sanders to
honor their parents, Rev. D.A.
and Ora . . . — — Map (db m224571) HM
On FD Reese Street south of Philpot Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
As president of the Dallas County Voters League. Dr. Reese wrote and signed the 1964 letter inviting Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. and the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) to Selma to join the struggle for civil rights. On March 7, . . . — — Map (db m297245) HM
On FD Reese Street south of Philpot Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
In 1922, Rev. Love Tolbert founded Ebenezer in a former dance hall on the corner of St. Phillips Street and Philpot Avenue in Selma. After Rev. Tolbert's brief tenure. Rev. Jerry McGinnis served as interim pastor until Rev. Abraham White was . . . — — Map (db m297248) HM
On Broad Street (Business U.S. 80) at Water Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Broad Street.
Edmund Pettus Bridge has been designated a National Historic Landmark. This site possesses national significance for its association with "Bloody Sunday," a seminal event in the Civil Rights Movement. Here, on March 7, 1965, law enforcement . . . — — Map (db m82037) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street at JL Chestnut Jr Boulevard, on the left when traveling north on Martin Luther King Jr. Street.
First Baptist was the first church in Selma to open its doors to members of the Dallas County Voters League as well as to young activists from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee. From 1963 to 1965, under the leadership of Reverend M.C. . . . — — Map (db m112366) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street north of St. Johns Street, on the right when traveling north.
In 1952, the City of Selma accepted federal funds to build the George Washington Carver Homes Projects. The residences became The Face of the Civil Rights Movement to many in the 1960s because Dr. King, the Southern Christian Leadership Conference . . . — — Map (db m112354) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street at Clark Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Martin Luther King Jr. Street.
The George Washington Carver neighborhood served as base camp for the votings rights movement during the tumultuous weeks of March 1965. These blocks of brick two-story homesthe city's first and largest federal housing project for blacks, built in . . . — — Map (db m112365) HM
On Broad Street (U.S. 80), on the right when traveling north.
Highlights of Selma History
Dallas County was created by Territorial Legislature Feb. 9, 1818. Selma Land Company formed Mar. 19, 1819 by George Phillips, William Rufus King, Jesse Beene, Gilbert Shearer and Caleb Tate. Selma incorporated . . . — — Map (db m37679) HM
On Business U.S. 80 north of Old Montgomery Highway, on the right when traveling north.
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
Mothers of the Civil Rights Movement
Before and Beyond the Bridge
Didn't Let Nothing Turn Them Around!
Presented by
The Evelyn Gibson Lowery . . . — — Map (db m111691) HM
On Martin Luther King Street north of Selma Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
The demonstration that led to the most important advance in civil rights for millions of Black Americans began here March 21, 1965. It was the 50-mile march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, the State Capital.
Defying threats of death, Dr. . . . — — Map (db m83578) HM
Rev. James J. Reeb, an Army Veteran and Unitarian minister from Casper, Wyoming, was working in Boston when Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. appealed for clergymen of all faiths to come to Selma to protest the violence that occurred at the Edmund Pettus . . . — — Map (db m37683) HM
On Business U.S. 80 north of Old Montgomery Highway, on the right when traveling north.
Leader of
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
He Fed the Hungry
"Unbossed and Unbought"
1926-2000
Presented by
SCLC/W.O.M.E.N. Inc.
Women's Organizational Movement for Equality . . . — — Map (db m111689) HM
On Washington Street at Alabama Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Washington Street.
After the "Bloody Sunday" attack on Civil Rights marchers in Selma on March 7, 1965, Rev. Reeb joined the nationwide call from Dr. King's plea for ministers of all races and religions to convene in Selma. Rev. Reeb joined a march led by Dr. King on . . . — — Map (db m291369) HM
Lynching in America
Thousands of African Americans were victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States between the Civil War and World War II. The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism used . . . — — Map (db m132071) HM
On Marie Foster Street at Philpot Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Marie Foster Street.
Prior to 1960. Northern Heights Presbyterian Church was known as Sylvan Street Presbyterian Church. which began in 1896 as a Sunday school mission sponsored by the First Presbyterian Church of Selma. The church formally organized in 1900. Rev. . . . — — Map (db m297251) HM
On Summerfield Road at 1st Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Summerfield Road.
This school was the city of Selma's first public high school for African-Americans. Completed in 1949, the school was named in honor of Richard Byron Hudson, a black educator who had served for 41 years as principal of Clark Elementary School, . . . — — Map (db m82741) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street 0.1 miles north of St. Johns Street, on the left when traveling north.
The shooting of Jimmie Lee Jackson in nearby Marion, Alabama, transformed Brown Chapel from a sanctuary into a staging area for the Selma march, In a passionate sermon SCLC worker James Bevel suggested making a pilgrimage to the State Capitol to . . . — — Map (db m112364) HM
On Lauderdale Street at Selma Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Lauderdale Street.
Side A The original church, built one block south of the present site, was consecrated in 1843 by Bishop Leonidas Polk. In 1861, the second Bishop of Alabama, the Rt. Rev. Richard H. Wilmer, was elected there. During the Battle of Selma, St. . . . — — Map (db m37691) HM
On Broad Street (Business U.S. 80) at Minter Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Broad Street.
In January 1885, Dr. Edward M. Brawley, President, Alabama Baptist Normal and Theological School (now Selma University) formed Tabernacle Baptist Church to be an integral part of the students' Christian formation and education. Significant . . . — — Map (db m82034) HM
On Broad Street (Business U.S. 80) at Minter Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Broad Street.
Tabernacle Baptist Church was founded in 1885, and in March of that year, the congregation purchased this site. Built in 1922 under the leadership of Dr. David Vivian Jemison, the current church features bricks from the original church building . . . — — Map (db m83677) HM
On Franklin Street at Keller Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Franklin Street.
Ernest Leon Doyle was born in 1918. He and Ruth Lee Willis were married
in 1942. Ernest worked as a carpenter, decorator, and insurance agent.
Ruth was a teacher and supplemented the family income as a beautician.
The couple had three . . . — — Map (db m308041) HM
On Business U.S. 80 north of Old Montgomery Highway, on the right when traveling north.
Honoring:
Leader of
The Selma-Montgomery March
"Bloody Sunday", March 7, 1965
"Get in the Way"
"When We Pray, We Move Our Feet"
Presented by:
The Evelyn Gibson Lowery . . . — — Map (db m111683) HM
On Broad Street (U.S. 80) at Water Avenue, on the right when traveling north on Broad Street. Reported permanently removed.
(The Beginning)
The major civil rights protest, which focused national attention on the issue of racial discrimination in voting & led to the passage of the Voting Rights Act of 1965, was centered in Selma.
In January of 1963 local . . . — — Map (db m37662) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Street at J L Chestnut Boulevard, on the left when traveling north on Martin Luther King Jr. Street.
By early 1964, the Dallas County Voters League (DCVL) and Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee's (SNCC) efforts to organize for voting rights had reached a turning point. In July 1964 Judge James Hare, pressured by Selma law enforcement to . . . — — Map (db m112369) HM
On Lauderdale Street at Selma Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Lauderdale Street.
Selma Suffrage Association
established here March 1910.
Joined the Birmingham League
to form the Alabama Equal
Suffrage Association in 1912. — — Map (db m224540) HM
On U.S. 11 0.2 miles north of Stephens Rd, on the right when traveling north.
William Lewis Moore was a white postal worker raised by
grandparents in rural Mississippi. He was a Congress of Racial
Equality (CORE) member who staged lone protests against racial
segregation. He was assassinated at this location during a . . . — — Map (db m281993) HM
On North 1st Street at Locust Street, on the right when traveling north on North 1st Street.
Lynching in America.
Thousands of Black people were the victims of lynching and racial violence in the United States between 1877 and 1950. The lynching of African Americans during this era was a form of racial terrorism intended to intimidate . . . — — Map (db m116817) HM
On County Road 12 2.2 miles east of State Highway 171, on the left when traveling west.
Freeman Lake is named for Joseph Freeman (1919-2005), a
community leader and activist who saw a need in Newtonville,
Fayette County, and surrounding communities for a place
for recreational activities in the segregated south. The
lake was a . . . — — Map (db m289191) HM
On Tuscaloosa Street (Alabama Route 14) east of Springfield Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
On this site, in January 1971, Thomas Earl Gilmore, Sr. was sworn in as Sheriff of Greene County. He was the first African American Sheriff in the county's history and served three consecutive terms until he retired from local politics.
Gilmore, . . . — — Map (db m203630) HM
On Alabama 10 (Alabama Route 10) 1.3 miles west of U.S. 431, on the right when traveling west.
Civil rights pioneer Rosa McCauley Parks was born on February 4, 1913 in Tuskegee, Alabama. Shortly after her birth her parents James and Leona McCauley, moved here to a 260 acre farm owned by her grandparents, Anderson and Louisa McCauley. Her . . . — — Map (db m241312) HM
On John T Reid Parkway (U.S. 72) at Church Street, on the right when traveling south on John T Reid Parkway.
(side 1)
The History of Paint Rock, Alabama
Originally Camden circa 1830, the post office was renamed Redman in 1846 and became Paint Rock on May 17, 1860. After the Memphis and Charleston Railroad Co. built a depot and water . . . — — Map (db m69756) HM
On E Peachtree Street, on the right when traveling west.
Marker front:
Constructed in 1911-1912 and designed by architect Richard H. Hunt, the Jackson County Courthouse is a Neo-Classical, brick building situated on a town square in Scottsboro, the county seat of Jackson County. The front, . . . — — Map (db m22264) HM
On Palm Sunday, 1963 Rev. N. H. Smith, Rev. John T. Porter and Rev. A. D. King led a sympathy march from St. Paul United Methodist Church down 6th Avenue North in support of Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr., Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth and Rev. Ralph . . . — — Map (db m73023) HM
On 5th Avenue North east of 15th Street North, on the right when traveling east.
Built 1959-60, 1517 5th Ave. N.
The A. G. Gaston Building's second floor conference room was
the location of regular meetings of Project C's Coordinating
Committee. Here, they planned strategies for the April - May
1963 marches, boycotts, . . . — — Map (db m187976) HM
On 20th Street North north of Park Place, on the right when traveling north.
In 1963, Birmingham underwent a major political transformation. To
force Commissioner Bull Connor from office, progressive Whites and
Blacks plotted to change the form of government from Commissioners
to a Mayor-Council system. Mayor Albert . . . — — Map (db m187705) HM
On 22nd Street North south of 7th Avenue North, on the right when traveling south.
Southern members of the U.S. Congress in 1956 issued the "Southern Manifesto that called the U.S. Supreme Court's Brown decision an "abuse of judicial power." By forcing public school integration contrary to social custom,
the high court had . . . — — Map (db m187661) HM
On Reverend Abraham Woods Jr Boulevard at 19th Street North, on the right when traveling east on Reverend Abraham Woods Jr Boulevard.
Shuttlesworth began to dedicate himself to the ministry and enrolled
in Cedar Grove Bible College, a Baptist institution in the Mobile suburb
of Pritchard. He took classes at night while he worked during the day.
The young couple added two more . . . — — Map (db m187628) HM
On Park Place at 19th Street North, on the left when traveling east on Park Place.
Child protestors overwhelmed police, who found it hard to confine
them to the Kelly Ingram Park area. Organizers used clever methods
to get them to City Hall before police could stop them. Children were
sent out in pairs. When they got closer to . . . — — Map (db m187836) HM
On 19th Street North north of 7th Avenue North, on the right when traveling north.
Built 1947-50, 710 20th St. N.
Birmingham City Hall was the administrative center for the
enforcement of local segregation codes. Thus, this building was
one of the major destination points for the Project C" marchers
in the 1963 . . . — — Map (db m187717) HM
On 20th Street North north of Park Place, on the right when traveling north.
Freddie Lee Robinson was born March 18, 1922, in Mt. Meigs,
Montgomery County, Alabama, to Alberta Robinson and Vetter Greene.
The unmarried couple also conceived a girl, Cleola. Because Vetter
could not provide for his growing family, Alberta's . . . — — Map (db m187631) HM
On Reverend Abraham Woods Junior Boulevard at 20th Street North, on the left when traveling east on Reverend Abraham Woods Junior Boulevard.
Built 1924 (Extended in 1957), 1930 8th Ave. N.
In 1924, Municipal Auditorium was one of the South's largest
(6,000 seats) and most modern auditoriums. In April of 1956,
Ku Klux Klansman Asa Carter led an attack on Montgomery
native and . . . — — Map (db m187715) HM
On 19th Street North at 2nd Avenue North, on the right when traveling north on 19th Street North.
Celebrities of all races - but particularly Black singers and actors such as
Harry Belafonte, Sammy Davis, Jr., Eartha Kitt, Lena Horne, and Ossie
Davis with wife Ruby Dee - played important roles in the Movement.
Some, including comedian Dick . . . — — Map (db m187822) HM
On 7th Avenue North at 22nd Street North, on the right when traveling west on 7th Avenue North.
Birmingham's Black schoolchildren played an important role in moving the
city toward ending legal segregation. Under the leadership of SCLC field coordinators, thousands of children left their segregated schools to join the
marches in the downtown . . . — — Map (db m187682) HM
On 19th Street North at 4th Avenue North, on the right when traveling north on 19th Street North.
On Mother's Day, May 14, 1961, a group of black and white CORE youth on a "Freedom Ride" from Washington, D.C. to New Orleans arrived by bus at the Birmingham Greyhound terminal. They were riding through the deep south to test a court case, "Boynton . . . — — Map (db m83809) HM
On 7th Avenue North at 23rd Street North, on the right when traveling west on 7th Avenue North.
Many African Americans continued to push for the right to an equal
education that the 1954 Brown decision gave them. Despite angry
threats of violence and intense economic pressure, those first few African American families in Birmingham who chose . . . — — Map (db m187693) HM
On 7th Avenue North west of 23rd Street North, on the right when traveling west.
Community civil rights leaders who helped organize the Movement and embraced the philosophy of nonviolence looked for well-disciplined children with good moral character who would at retaliate if they encountered bullying or violence by White . . . — — Map (db m187690) HM
On Park Place east of Richard Arrington Jr Boulevard North, on the left when traveling east.
Black leaders debated how best to educate their children to live in a racially segregated society. Former slave Booker T. Washington, founder
of Tuskegee Institute, was America's leading Black spokesman at the
turn of the 20th century and promoted . . . — — Map (db m187636) HM
On 19th Street North at 3rd Avenue North, on the left when traveling south on 19th Street North.
Built 1939, 1901 3rd Ave. N.
The F. W. Woolworth department store was one of the first sites targeted for the ACMHR and SCLC's economic boycotts and lunch counter sit-ins of Project C during the April - May 1963 mass demonstrations in . . . — — Map (db m188183) HM
On 7th Avenue North at 23rd Street North, on the right when traveling west on 7th Avenue North. Reported damaged.
[Note: a portion of the wording on the first panel of the marker has been torn away.(See photo #1)]Paired marker
September 9, 1957
In 1957, Rev. Fred Shuttlesworth and his followers in
the Alabama Christian Movement for . . . — — Map (db m187702) HM
On Park Place at 22nd Street North, on the left when traveling east on Park Place.
The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
(NAACP) used its Legal Defense and Educational Fund and its team of
skilled lawyers to attack the "separate but equal education laws. Beginning in the 1930s, the NAACP filed lawsuits . . . — — Map (db m187658) HM
On 7th Avenue North west of 23rd Street North, on the right when traveling west.
As Birmingham's civil rights leaders pushed to desegregate city schools, radical opponents in Birmingham pushed back, sometimes violently. Responses against school integration included death threats by telephone to parents who dared send their . . . — — Map (db m187686) HM
On 19th Street North north of 2nd Avenue North, on the right when traveling north.
After White business leaders failed to remove segregation signs and
hire African Americans, by 1963 Birmingham Blacks felt betrayed by
broken promises. Many Whites wanted the change that Blacks
demanded to be gradual. Some Whites reasoned that . . . — — Map (db m187824) HM
Near Park Place east of 20th Street North, on the left when traveling east.
Built 1926-27, 701 Richard Arrington Jr. Blvd. N.
The Birmingham Public Library was the city's main branch for
57 years. It was one of several protest target sites during the
1963 Birmingham Campaign. Like the city parks, Birmingham's
most . . . — — Map (db m187712) HM
On Park Place east of Richard Arrington Jr Boulevard North, on the left when traveling east.
Immediately after the Civil War, Northern church groups funded by
sympathetic Whites rushed to the South to start elementary schools
and colleges to educate freed slaves. Soon afterward, Blacks took the
lead in educating their own children. . . . — — Map (db m187635) HM
On 19th Street North at 3rd Avenue North, on the right when traveling south on 19th Street North.
Built 1934-35 (remodeled into science center 1997), 216 19th St. N.
The Loveman's Department Store (originally Loveman, Joseph, &
Loeb), was a high-and retail store targeted for economic boycotts, pickets. "Project C" coordinators . . . — — Map (db m188173) HM
On 7th Avenue North west of 24th Street North, on the right when traveling west.
National Register of Historic Places
In many ways, the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision fueled the modern Civil Rights Movement. The NAACP's legal team strategically chipped away at the separate but equal" doctrine to end . . . — — Map (db m188205) HM
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