The early life of John Mason in England (born circa 1600-01) is obscure. A Puritan, he served as an officer, under Sir Thomas Fairfax, in the Netherlands against Spain. He made the 63 day passage to the Massachusetts Bay Colony with Reverend . . . — — Map (db m306428) HM
In 1673, on the summit of
these rocks, was erected the
2nd meeting house in the township of Norwich. At this lofty
church-fort armed settlers &
militia braved Indian threats &
harsh elements to worship. — — Map (db m268921) HM
Located in Pequot territory and used for millennia by Indigenous people, it was later colonized by Europeans who displaced local Indigenous peoples. Mystic is also the notorious site of one the most brutal massacres of Indigenous people in . . . — — Map (db m227055) HM
Of the eighteen Delawareans who have been awarded the Medal of Honor since it was established by an Act of Congress in 1862, fifteen received the medal for actions during the 19th century — twelve from the Civil War, one from the Indian Wars in . . . — — Map (db m198966) HM WM
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert was a gallant and distinguished officer and leader during the Civil War achieving the rank of Major General in the Union Army. He was a strict disciplinarian who saw to the needs of his troops gaining their . . . — — Map (db m286203) HM
In 1609 Captain John Smith sailed from the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia, and up the Potomac River as far as Little Falls. He found 13 Indian villages along the Potomac, including one called Nacotchtank. These villagers farmed small plots . . . — — Map (db m130871) HM
Brigadier General Pushmataha (1764-1824) was a Choctaw chief, warrior, hunter, and great friend of many, including President Andrew Jackson. In 1812, Pushmataha led 1,000 warriors of Choctaw Nation to fight alongside Jackson at the Battle of New . . . — — Map (db m141889) HM
Hacienda de la Chua
Organized cattle ranching at the prairie began here in the 1600s. You are standing at the site of the largest ranch in Spanish Florida, Hacienda de Ia Chua (right). Hacienda de la Chua was the main supplier of beef to St. . . . — — Map (db m126488) HM
Near this site was located Fort Clarke, originally a U.S. Army Post during the Seminole War, and afterwards a settlement. The name is preserved in nearby Fort Clark [sic] Church. At this site crossed the early settlement and military road . . . — — Map (db m65191) HM
(Front)
Hogtown Settlement
Near this site was located Hogtown, one of the earliest settlements in Alachua County. It was originally an Indian village which in 1824 had fourteen inhabitants. Hogtown settlement is also mentioned in . . . — — Map (db m150806) HM
Jesse Johnson Finley was born in Wilson County, Tennessee, November 18, 1812 and educated in Lebanon, Tennessee. After service as a captain in the Seminole War of 1836, he studied law and was admitted to the bar. During a ten year period he served . . . — — Map (db m93855) HM
Present-day Gainesville was the center of a large Spanish cattle ranching industry, founded on the labor of native Timuqua Indians, during the 1600s. LaChua, largest of the ranches, was a Spanish corruption of an Indian word, and in turn was . . . — — Map (db m72916) HM
Edgar Smith Walker was born June 3, 1858, in Cooper County, Missouri. He was educated in country schools and lived on a farm until the age of 18. While attending the University of Missouri, he accepted an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at . . . — — Map (db m128915) HM
The Battle of Micanopy
The Battle of Micanopy took place on the morning of June 9, 1836. Seventy-five troops under the command of Major J.F. Heileman engaged a larger Seminole force headed by Osceola, numbering about 250 warriors. Two . . . — — Map (db m150458) HM
Founded after Spain relinquished Florida to the United States in 1821, Micanopy became the first distinct American
town founded in the new US territory. Originally an Indian trading post, Micanopy was built under the auspices of the
Florida . . . — — Map (db m54271) HM
War on the Frontier
The opening of the Second Seminole War began during the first week of December 1835. Seminole, along with their Black allies, attacked and burned hundreds of farms and homesteads in the Payne's Prairie region, the . . . — — Map (db m150459) HM
Seminoles in Florida
Between 1716 and 1763, under pressure from the colonial powers of Britain and Spain, two groups of Creek Indians from more northerly regions of Spanish La Florida (see map) arrived in the area of present-day Micanopy . . . — — Map (db m150457) HM
Colonel Daniel Newnan led a troop of the Georgia militia on a raid into the area in September 1812 in an attempt to annex Florida to the United States in the War of 1812. The raiders engaged a force of Seminole Indians under the command of . . . — — Map (db m54642) HM
Proud to be a Baker County Burnsed Descendant
Honoring
James M. Burnsed
Builder of the Burnsed Block House (Mid- 1830s)
and Fort Moniac
Served in 1860s as Baker County Sheriff — — Map (db m206758) HM
One half mile to the west ran the Hernandez Trail used during the Seminole War. It connected forts along the East Coast to Ft. Dallas in Miami and across from Ft. Pierce and Ft. Capron to Ft. Brooke near Tampa. Brig. General Joseph M. Hernandez, . . . — — Map (db m72606) HM
The Hernandez-Capron Trail parallels I-95 here in Brevard County. Laid out in 1838 by U.S. Army during Second Seminole war, it linked King's Road in St. Augustine and forts along St. John's River with Ft. Capron, 4 mi. north of present Ft. Pierce. . . . — — Map (db m75839) HM
"Nothing occurred to disturb the quiet of the night, except the wolves in the neighboring forest responding howl for howl…"
—Journal of Jacob Rhett Mott, 1838
By the 19th century, American settlements along Florida's . . . — — Map (db m131066) HM
Indian River oranges, one of Florida's most outstanding products were developed in the 19th century by Douglas Dummett. The Dummett family immigrated from the Barbados in 1807. By 1825, Thomas Dummett had acquired sugar plantations on the east . . . — — Map (db m125643) HM
This tablet marks the site of the Third "Fort Lauderdale" named in honor of Maj. Wm. Lauderdale, Cmdr. Tenn. Vol.
Built in 1839 under the command of Captain William B. Davidson during the Second Seminole War
First erected by the Himmarshee . . . — — Map (db m171849) HM
On this spot, January 31, 1893, Frank Stranahan, the founder of this city, conducted a ferry across New River, established a trading post with the Indians and operated the first U.S. Post Office.
Seven tenths of a mile west of this point . . . — — Map (db m100795) HM
This monument marks the site of the William Cooley plantation. Cooley arrived here in 1824 and soon became the leader of the small settlement that grew along the New River.
On January 6, 1836, local Indians attacked Cooley's homestead, killing . . . — — Map (db m127510) HM
The prehistoric peoples of Fort Lauderdale, commonly known as the Tequesta, occupied camps as early as 500 BCE in the area now known as Sailboat Bend. By 1800, Seminole Indians and Bahamian and American settlers inhabited lands along New River. In . . . — — Map (db m100394) HM
On this site are the remains of early area settlers, the Richards family. As a prominent Virginia Colonial family, George Richards (1727-1818) was with Washington at Braddocks Defeat (1755), and with his sons in the Revolutionary War (1776). The . . . — — Map (db m186749) HM
This is the western boundary of a reservation set aside by the treaty of Fort Moultrie and given to John Blunt (Blount) one of the six principal chiefs of the Florida Indians. The Apalachicola River was the eastern boundary. The treaty was ratified . . . — — Map (db m78029) HM
(This is Florida's first bi-lingual marker. The second language is Apalachicola Muskogee/Creek.) Apalachicola Creek Indians permanently settled Calhoun County in 1815; wars forced them out of Alabama. A new Tribal Town was built by Chief Tuskie . . . — — Map (db m48489) HM
In recognition of
Apalachicola Tribal Town
Mekko John Blount
and the Muskogee (Creek) Nation
Reservation that existed on these lands,
where this marker stands.
The Muskogee (Creek) Nation was forcefully
removed from Florida . . . — — Map (db m246849) HM
Stage Stand was a stopping place of the mail wagon run by the U.S. Army during the 1800’s. It became a cemetery by chance.
The Seminole wars lasted intermittently from 1818 until 1858. During that time American settlers moved in to hunt and . . . — — Map (db m175841) HM
More than 1,500 soldiers died and $20 million was spent in the Second Seminole War. It was the most costly of three conflicts between the U.S. and the Seminoles in Florida. Fought from 1835–1842, the war broke out when Seminoles resisted . . . — — Map (db m101818) HM
Prior to the Spanish arrival in the 1500s, there were hundreds of thousands of Native Americans living in Florida. Evidence of their diverse culture has been discovered in the mounds, earthworks, middens and other archaeological sites found . . . — — Map (db m132271) HM
Fort Cooper was constructed in April 1836 during the Second Seminole War. General Winfield Scott instructed the First Georgia Battalion of Volunteers under the leadership of Major Mark Anthony Cooper to build two bastions and a blockhouse on the . . . — — Map (db m93258) HM
Setting the Scene In the Spring of 1836, President Andrew Jackson ordered General Winfield Scott, commander of the U.S. Army in Florida, to punish and defeat the belligerent Seminoles. Gen. Scott devised a complicated plan in which three . . . — — Map (db m132055) HM
Adapting to Life in the Cove Necessities of Life Before the Seminole were forced to move to the Cove, they were farmers and ranchers who lived in sturdy log homes and based their wealth on large herds of cattle and extensive crops. Unlike the . . . — — Map (db m132276) HM
The Siege of Fort CooperA Hastily Built Defense In March 1836, General Winfield Scott launched a campaign to surround the Seminole in the Cove with an army of approximately 5,000 men. While marching to Fort Brooke in Tampa they stopped . . . — — Map (db m132281) HM
The Second Seminole War BeginsA Year of Victory for the Seminole In the early 1830s pressure to remove Florida's Indians grew intense. Seminole leaders signed treaties in 1832 and 1833 that called for the tribe to relocate within three . . . — — Map (db m132277) HM
Fort Heilman, named after Brevet Lieutenant Colonel Julius F. Heilman, was built in the mid 1830´s at the spot where the north and south forks of Black Creek join. It was a temporary wooden stockade used during the First Seminole War as a . . . — — Map (db m102605) HM
Middleburg developed in the early 1800s as a transportation center linking the St. Johns River with the peninsular interior. Originally settled in the 1820s as Clark´s Ferry, a crossing on Black Creek, it became a major military entrepot during the . . . — — Map (db m102459) HM
The Medal of Honor is the highest military award for personal bravery or self-sacrifice that can be given to any individual in the United States of America. It has only been awarded 3,428 times in the nation’s history.
Adam Paine . . . — — Map (db m179329) HM WM
In the early 1800s, the Seminole tribe sought and found refuge deep in the bald cypress forests of Southwest Florida during the Seminole Wars. This tree bears the Seminole name for big cypress, Asteenahoofa. It is straight, solid and free of . . . — — Map (db m164916) HM
Built as the park caretaker’s residence about 1940. County Commissioner D. Graham Copeland managed Barron Collier's businesses and surveyed Collier County. He located the sites of several Seminole war forts, old trails, and Seminole villages. As . . . — — Map (db m194878) HM
As white settlers moved into Florida, demands increased for the removal of the Seminole Indians to a western reservation. The Seminoles failed to cooperate, and in 1835 the conflict known as the Second Seminole War began. By 1841, the Indians . . . — — Map (db m72605) HM
On December 26, 1817, U.S. Secretary of War John C. Calhoun directed General Andrew Jackson to protect citizens trying to settle in Florida. Jackson arrived in Florida with the largest army ever to invade the state to date -- 2,000 Creek Warriors . . . — — Map (db m61566) HM
Inhabited by the Upper Creeks, Oldtown, often called Suwanee Oldtown, was one of the largest Indian villages in northern Florida. In Andrew Jackson's punitive expedition into Florida in April, 1818, Oldtown was captured. Most of the renegade Indians . . . — — Map (db m17712) HM
Captain Francis Langhorne Dade, U.S. Army and his 120-man Companies A,B,D,H and N, built Fort Duval in November 1826 at the mouth of the Suwannee River. The structure was 140 by 130 feet and six feet high with portholes for firing. The fort was . . . — — Map (db m167492) HM
A legendary landmark in downtown Jacksonville, Florida, this majestic live oak tree is said to have sheltered settlers and natives during peace treaty talks. In the early 1900’s, an amusement park stood on the site, and today, it is the park . . . — — Map (db m142991)
Born in Italy in 1777, Desiderio Quina served the Spanish army in the Louisiana Infantry Regiment. He was later employed in Pensacola as an apothecary for the John Forbes Company where he married Margarita Bobe. His son Desiderio was born in 1817 . . . — — Map (db m80044) HM
Born on the island of Trinidad in 1812, Stephen Mallory's family eventually made Key West their home. Mallory studied law, volunteered in the Florida militia during the second Seminole War, and became Inspector of Customs at Key West. In 1830 . . . — — Map (db m80042) HM
In the early 1800s, revolution and unrest loosened Spain's control over its colonies in the western hemisphere. As Spain dealt with greater crises elsewhere, Spanish Florida became vulnerable to British forces and their Native American allies, as . . . — — Map (db m183447) HM
In the closing phases of the First Seminole War (1817-1818), a U.S. supply boat was attacked by Creek Indians. The boat was ascending the Escambia River from Pensacola in Spanish West Florida, and was bound for Fort Crawford in the American Alabama . . . — — Map (db m242608) HM
In 1886 the U.S. Army exiled 400 Apaches from the Southwest to Florida and sent most of them to Fort Marion in St. Augustine. Several Pensacola citizens, however, petitioned the government to imprison Geronimo, a medicine man and warrior, and 15 . . . — — Map (db m86084) HM
The last step in producing sugar on my plantation involved getting it ready to ship north to market. Once the molasses drained from the hogsheads in the curing room, slaves transferred both the sugar and the molasses to this loading area between . . . — — Map (db m234835) HM
This was the largest sugar mill in Florida. It was operated by Charles William Bulow and John Joachim Bulow from 1820 until it was burned by the Seminoles in 1836.
Sugar cane was planted in January and February and was ready for harvesting by . . . — — Map (db m100525) HM
The Bulow Ville plantation house was built in the early 1820s and believed to have resembled the mansion shown. The two and a half story building faced Bulow Creek and had a veranda on all sides. The first floor walls were coquina covered with . . . — — Map (db m191597) HM
This is a representation of the plantation house that once stood here. The house was built in 1821 and completely destroyed during the Second Seminole War in late January 1836.
The house was once visited by naturalist John James Audubon on . . . — — Map (db m191592) HM
This estuary was once part of an 800-acre Spanish Land Grant received by Joseph Mariano Hernandez in 1816. Between here and Old King's Road stood St. Joseph's Plantation, which mainly grew sugarcane. It was one of three plantations owned by . . . — — Map (db m259347) HM
Hewitt Sawmill Park and its surrounding areas contain some of the
most interesting and important sites in Florida. These include the
1768 Kings Road, a colonial highway built during the Revolutionary
War period and Fort Fulton, a Second Seminole . . . — — Map (db m268723) HM
Joseph Hernandez was a significant person in early Florida, with a fascinating life. Part of it was spent at his Mala Compra Plantation, and the main buildings were located on this site.
Planter
Joseph Hernandez acquired three . . . — — Map (db m208294) HM
Joseph Martin Hernandez (1788-1857) purchased and worked Mala Compra Plantation, originally a Spanish land grant, from 1816 to 1836. The name Mala Compra means “bad bargain” or “bad purchase” in Spanish. It served as the . . . — — Map (db m99955) HM
Seminoles Become Residents of Florida
Groups of lower Creeks began moving into Florida from central Georgia about 1715. Fifty years later they had established a separate identity as Seminoles. Seminoles were not a united tribe but a group . . . — — Map (db m209524) HM
General Joseph Hernandez owned three plantations along the Matanzas River. They were named Belle Vista, Byck's Hammock, and Mala Compra. The latter was his principal plantation and residence. The publicly-owned Mala Compra Plantation Greenway is . . . — — Map (db m212306) HM
Francis the Prophet, whose Indian name was Hillis Hadjo, was an important Creek chief who was forced to leave his home in the Alabama Territory at the end of the Creek War of 1813-14. He established a new town on the Wakulla River several miles . . . — — Map (db m114624) HM
(Side A)
Built in 1814 by Lieutenant Colonel Edward Nichols, His Majesty's Marines, as a rallying point to encourage the Seminole Indians to ally themselves with England against the United States in the War of 1812. Abandoned after 1814, . . . — — Map (db m116355) HM
The Apalachicola Arsenal, originally known as the Mt. Vernon Arsenal, was built by the United States Army and served as an arms depot during the Second Seminole Indian War. Construction began in 1832, and was completed in 1839. The original compound . . . — — Map (db m79625) HM
The Apalachicola Arsenal, originally known as the Mt. Vernon Arsenal, was built by the United States Army and served as an arms depot during the Second Seminole Indian War. Construction began in 1832, and was completed in 1839. The original compound . . . — — Map (db m79626) HM
This prehistoric mound is the largest of seven that once stood here at River Landing Park. Believed to date from the Fort Walton time period (A.D. 900-A.D. 1500), its original appearance was that of a flat-topped pyramid. Archaeologists believe that . . . — — Map (db m110893) HM
Thousands of Years of History on the Banks of the Apalachicola River
You are standing on sacred ground.The short walking trail that begins here takes you on a journey thousands of years into the distant past.A series of interpretive . . . — — Map (db m312897) HM
The wooden wrecks visible along the shoreline here are all that remain of once luxurious paddlewheel steamboats that plied the Apalachicola River from 1820s to the 1930s.
Marine archaeologists documented a large number of these vessels between . . . — — Map (db m303449) HM
The signing of the Treaty of Nicolls' Outpost on March 10, 1815, was the final major event in the history of the British fort. It was evacuated by order of Lt. Col. Nicolls approximately one month later.
By the time of its evacuation, the . . . — — Map (db m312626) HM
The First Seminole War erupted when U.S. soldiers attacked the Lower Creek village of Fowltown near today's Bainbridge, Georgia, on November 21-23, 1817.
Native American and Maroon (escaped slave or Black Seminole) warriors retaliated by . . . — — Map (db m230902) HM
A bloody battle fought on this site more than 200 years ago helped assure that Florida would become part of the United States.
Angered over an attack by American soldiers on the Lower Creek village of Fowltown near today's Bainbridge, Georgia, . . . — — Map (db m231593) HM
The first U.S. defeat of the Seminole Wars took place here on November 30, 1817. Several hundred Seminole, Creek and maroon (Black Seminole) warriors came to this site following raids by U.S. troops on the Creek Indian village of Fowltown near . . . — — Map (db m113147) HM
Located just north of this point is the Dr. Malcolm Nicholson Plantation Home. Built in the 1820's, it is one of the oldest remaining structures in Gadsden County. It is a one-story Gulf coast Cottage, with end-gables and a built-in porch. It rests . . . — — Map (db m157927) HM
The Statue The 6-foot tall bronze statue perched atop the 5˝ foot high concrete pedestal is entitled, “The Price of Freedom.” It was sculpted by L’Deane Trueblood of St. George, Utah and cast by Metal Arts Foundry of Lehi, Utah. It . . . — — Map (db m299399) HM WM
Fort Fanning was built in 1838 during the Second Seminole War.
The fort was originally called "Palmetto", but was renamed in honor of Colonel Alexander Campbell Wilder Fannin (1788-1846).
Made of real wood, and situated in warm humid . . . — — Map (db m67884) HM
Fort Place, forerunner of Wewahitchka, located one-quarter mile East was constructed in the early 1830's as a refuge from hostile Indians. It consisted of a hewn log blockhouse equipped with portholes for firearms, and was enclosed within a two . . . — — Map (db m283125) HM
Although residents living here have always been somewhat insulated, outside influences such as war and conflict have historically influenced the Town of White Springs. The Spanish, French, British, and Americans all fought wars to own the peninsula . . . — — Map (db m44512) HM
This leisurely 10 minute, 1/4 mile long trail will lead you to the site of Fort Chokonikla built in late 1849. It consisted of three square blockhouses for defense, and canvas tents for sleeping. No battles were fought here and it was abandoned . . . — — Map (db m62019) HM WM
Named in honor of Lt. George C. Hartsuff 2nd Artillery, U.S.A., whose detachment of men were ambushed in the Big Cypress Swamp, December 20, 1855, by the Seminole Indians killing several men and wounding many others.
Fort Hartsuff was a . . . — — Map (db m110528) HM
One of the Last Battles fought with the Seminole Nation ended here on June 16, 1856 with Defeat of the Indians by Soldiers from Ft. Meade. — — Map (db m61059) HM
The combined pressure of growing white settlement in Florida and federal policy of relocating Indian tribes west of the Mississippi sparked the outbreak of the 2nd Seminole War in 1835. Controlling the coasts and campaigning in the heart of Seminole . . . — — Map (db m128831) HM
LaBelle's history begins here, along the Caloosahatchee River, on this old Fort Thompson site. Fort Thompson began c.1838 as a military post during the 2nd Seminole War, named for Lt. Colonel Alexander Thompson, who died in the battle of Okeechobee . . . — — Map (db m127268) HM
One of the area's early white settlers, Charlotte Crum is the first known burial in the Brooksville Cemetery. Her death occurred immediately following the Second Seminole War (1833-1842), and is symbolic of the epic collision that occurred in . . . — — Map (db m259761) HM
The interior of Central Florida opened for settlement by whites in the mid-1840s following the end of the Second Seminole War. In the absence of roads and railroads, coastal and inland waterways provided the transportation routes essential to . . . — — Map (db m67109) HM
Col. Zachary Taylor had Fort Basinger built in 1837, during the Seminole Wars, on the Kissimmee River 17 miles above its mouth. It was a small stockade which served as a temporary fort and supply station on the line of forts extending from Tampa to . . . — — Map (db m54083) HM
1st Lt. Irving McDowell, 1st Artillery USA. Later Major General & Commander of Union Forces at the Battle of Bull Run (Manassas). Garrisoned this fort in June 1850. — — Map (db m151007) HM
The Seminole Nation fights for their identity and their homes.
This war was fought while Florida was still a Spanish colony; it passed to the Americans in 1821. — — Map (db m193910) HM WM
United States’ Indian Removal Policy brings on another conflict.
Major Dades command from Fort Brooke, Tampa, was attacked and destroyed by Seminole warriors
[Captions:]
Brigadier General Thomas Sidney Jesus . . . — — Map (db m193858) HM WM
Both the American soldier and the Seminole warrior experience difficult and dangerous situations during these conflicts.
Casualties for the combatants were most often the results of injury or disease, not combat wounds. — — Map (db m193866) HM WM
Provoked by state and federal Indian policy, bands of Seminoles executed attacks on isolated white settlements.
[Caption:]
Fighting in South Florida, U.S. Navy and Marine veterans fight the Seminoles in the . . . — — Map (db m193861) HM WM
Both the American soldier and the Seminole warrior faced each other across a wide cultural gap. Each were trained and determined.
A large part of central Florida is established as Hillsborough County in 1834. — — Map (db m193913) HM WM
Young American and Seminole veterans gave their energy, their skill, and sometimes their lives to their respective peoples.
Honor their memory! — — Map (db m193867) WM
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