In 1865, Frenchman Édouard de Laboulaye proposed the idea of presenting a monumental gift from the people of France to the people of the United States. A prominent political thinker in his time, Laboulaye had spent much of his political career . . . — — Map (db m214431) HM
The Pelican Girls, so named for the ship Pélican upon which they traveled, were young women of good character sent by King Louis XIV to Mobile (capital of French Louisiana) in 1704 in response to colonial officials' pleas for marriageable French . . . — — Map (db m300445) HM
Spring Hill, originally a Spanish land grant, was once named "The City of Refuge” by Napoleonic exiles. Spring Hill gained prominence when Mobilians built summer homes in Spring Hill to escape yellow fever epidemics. — — Map (db m302915) HM
By 1943 [sic-probably 1948] Anchorage had 50 airlines. Most consisted of surplus DC-3 aircraft, based at Merrill Field. Customers would write their name on a sign-up sheet for a specific destination. When the plane was full it would leave. The . . . — — Map (db m260232) HM
Alphonso L'Kievicz was a man well calculated for frontier life, for to him all
things seem easy and nothing to be excited about. He came to Fairbanks in the
early days and brought the first suction dredge here in 1908, which he set up . . . — — Map (db m257540) HM
My husband William Foster and I, decided to try our luck in the gold rush for Alaska, so set out in January 1898 aboard the vessel "Corona" on her maiden voyage. On the way North, she veered off her course, and struck a rock and sank in about . . . — — Map (db m257517) HM
Fairbanks Daily Times October 2, 1906
Dome Creek Has a Woman Who Runs Hoist on the Claim
"Out on Dome Creek there is a devoted little woman who is a heroine in the eyes of the miners out there, and, perhaps, one could search all . . . — — Map (db m257495) HM
The City of Fairbanks was incorporated on November 10, 1903,
after the discovery of gold in the Tanana Valley in 1902. This
location, originally identified as the Fairbanks Cemetery, was
later renamed Clay Street Cemetery after the adjacent . . . — — Map (db m256398) HM
The passage to Tanacross was not possible due to low water levels. Captain Adams dropped Barnette, his trade goods and family on the banks of the Chena Slough. Captain Adams stayed long enough to construct two cabins. One was for . . . — — Map (db m256897) HM
Wife of Felix Pedro
The Discoverer of Gold on Pedro Creek
It Was His Discovery That Started The
Development of the Vast Interior of Alaska
And The Beginning of Fairbanks.
Mary Lived in Fairbanks For Over 25 Years.
She Was Born In . . . — — Map (db m256456) HM
Eight hundred people lived in Fairbanks in the winter of 1903. By the summer of 1904 the population had swelled to 5,000.
The thriving town had two newspapers and numerous hotels, like the two story
Pioneer. It featured 100 rooms, steam heat, . . . — — Map (db m256490) HM
Gradually, prospectors drifted into the Interior. By 1900 about 100 hardy souls searched the hills and valleys of the Tanana Valley for precious metal. In 1902 Felix Pedro, an immigrant coal miner from Italy, struck gold.
He reported his find . . . — — Map (db m257139) HM
The City and Borough of Juneau Assembly Honors the Contributions of Filipinos in Juneau by naming this downtown location Manila Square.
Juneau Assembly Members: Dale Anderson - Don Etheridge, Jr. - Jeannie Johnson - Ken Koelsch - Frankie . . . — — Map (db m68849) HM
When a Tlingit leader, Kawa.ée (Kowee), in 1880 guided Joe Juneau and Richard Harris to gold deposits near here, the resulting gold rush put a new town on the map. Named for Joe Juneau, it was the first new settlement after Russia sold . . . — — Map (db m257958) HM
[Totem pole effigies, top to bottom]
• EAGLE
• BERNERS BAY MOUNTAIN
• SHARK
The Wooshkeetaan clan is of the Eagle moiety. A living history and legendary migration persists in the story of a name, Wooshdaxk'i Tláa (Mother . . . — — Map (db m257973) HM
Businesses Flourished in Newtown with the Fleet of Fishing Boats
The old saying goes . . . A boat is a hole in the ocean where a skipper throws money
That's what made Northern Machine Works a long-lived success in Ketchikan's . . . — — Map (db m308970) HM
This park is dedicated to the agricultural pioneers of the
Matanuska Valley and particularly to those that participated
in the Matanuska Valley Colonization Project of 1935,
who by their labor and perseverance gave birth to
the City of . . . — — Map (db m254849) HM
Honoring the 202 families from Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota who braved the migratory transition from the Depression-torn years of strife and struggle to the promised land of fertile Matanuska Valley, and in their endeavor, with faith, hope, . . . — — Map (db m254739) HM
The Glenn Highway is the main
connection for the people of this valley.
Can you imagine this place without it?
Nature's Highway
The Matanuska Glacier helped carve a wide path through the Chugach and
Talkeetna mountain ranges. As the . . . — — Map (db m255121) HM
Hoping to prevent a famine, the Canadian government refused to permit anyone to enter Canada without a year's supply of food. This farsighted measure probably worked, but it burdened every stampeder with a load which weighed nearly a ton. . . . — — Map (db m257813) HM
"I fully expect before many years to see a pack trail through
this pass, followed by a wagon road, and I would not be at all surprised to see a railroad through to the lakes."
—Captain William Moore, quoted by Ben Moore
The Alaskan . . . — — Map (db m257884) HM
"There ain't no choice,' said an oldtimer of choosing between the Chilkoot and the White Pass. 'One's hell. The other's damnation.'"
—Martha Ferguson McKeown
Most stampeders never became rich, but they counted their . . . — — Map (db m257829) HM
"There ain't no choice,' said an oldtimer of choosing between the Chilkoot and the White Pass. 'One's hell. The other's damnation.'"
—Martha Ferguson McKeown
Most stampeders never became rich, but they counted their . . . — — Map (db m257886) HM
Named for a pine tree stripped of its branches by a party of immigrants and used as a flagpole for a patriotic celebration on July 4, 1876. Nearby Antelope or Old Town Spring provided water and led to the establishment of a railroad construction . . . — — Map (db m33330) HM
Sky Harbor Airport is the eighth-busiest in the
United States, with 461,989 airplanes carrying 40,591,949 passengers a year to and from the Valley. The inbound flight paths for these passengers cross above Scottsdale Road at Buckeye and those of . . . — — Map (db m271026) HM
Olive Ann Fairchild, Indian captive and lecturer, daughter of Royse (Royce) and Mary Ann (Sperry) Oatman, was born in Illinois is September 1837 or 1839. In 1850 the family joined a wagon train bound for the part of the Colorado River now in . . . — — Map (db m297410) HM
In 1863, the United States government created the Arizona Territory from land it acquired during the Mexican-American War and the 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo. Its northern region remained isolated and undeveloped until the railroad arrived. . . . — — Map (db m209689) HM
John Kocourek was born in 1862 in Bohemia. He immigrated to Chicago in 1881, where he married and had three children. Around 1890, the family moved to Hazen, Arkansas, where Kocourek established himself as a land agent. Through his promotional . . . — — Map (db m294941) HM
During the nineteenth century, waves of German-speaking immigrants settled in Pulaski County. Establishing themselves here as early as 1833, these families had a significant impact on the development of the area through their work as farmers, . . . — — Map (db m220389) HM
Traces of Alameda Japantown
Opening up shops on Park Street
Traces of a small close-knit Japanese community remain, yet little is known of the Japantown that once thrived in Alameda. At the turn of the 20th century, Issei, first generation . . . — — Map (db m220123) HM
Near this site, an Ohlone man traveling along a well-worn path encountered a group of armed men riding large four-legged beasts. The man, having never seen such men or horses, was startled. To show that he would not resist or threaten them, he lay . . . — — Map (db m207584) HM
In the 1850s, Chinese came to California, a land they called Gum Shan, meaning Mountain of Gold, for the same reason as other nationalities: to seek their fortune. As the placer gold played out, Chinese took jobs building railroads, dams, levees, . . . — — Map (db m54986) HM
Born in Italy, Beniamino Bufano immigrated to the United States when he was three years old, and settled in San Francisco in 1915. A popular figure of the San Francisco art scene, Bufano was well known for his signature Modern style and . . . — — Map (db m91551) HM
In the years leading up to the Gold Rush, life changed dramatically for the Nisenan who called this valley home.
Cullumah
To the Nisenan, “Cullumah” was home. For generations, they thrived in the valley and mountains, building large . . . — — Map (db m214607) HM
Panel One:
New Jersey-born James Wilson Marshall came to John Sutter’s fort at Sacramento in July 1845, just a year before the American conquest of California. Trained as a carpenter and wheelwright by his father, Marshall quickly found . . . — — Map (db m215533) HM
Caught up in the frenzied news about the gold discovery, thousand of gold seekers from all corners of the world flooded into Coloma.
Fortune Seekers
California’s gold fields offered boundless opportunity and the hop of a brighter future. . . . — — Map (db m214879) HM
The last home-owned department store to survive in California occupied one-half city block in Eureka, as well as stores in Fortuna, Crescent City, Fort Bragg and Brookings, Oregon.
This is a tribute to Cornelius and John Daly, who emigrated to . . . — — Map (db m233362) HM
Emil Schaffner arrived from Rufenach, Switzerland, through Ellis Island, in 1914, bound for Imperial Valley. He began working in Calexico for Judge Towland, insisting on being paid in cattle. In 1921, Emil established "Schaffner Dairy" and it has . . . — — Map (db m219773) HM
Basque immigrants from the Pyrenees mountains of France and Spain were drawn to California by the Gold Rush. They found providing the miners with lamb and wool more profitable than digging for gold.
Young Basque men would follow their sheep . . . — — Map (db m237371) HM
Kern County had a surge of Italian immigrants in the 19th century engaged in farming, ranching, and working on the railroad.
Kern’s Italians prospered in the Mediterranean climate making their own wine, olive oil, sausage and cheese. They . . . — — Map (db m297324) HM
Italian Settlers
The pueblo's warm Mediterranean climate
and growing opportunities were a major
attraction to Italian immigrants who came
to the United States in large numbers in
the early 20th century. Giovanni Batista
Leandri . . . — — Map (db m261690) HM
In 1910, the Immigration Station was moved from the San Francisco waterfront to Angel Island. Like Ellis Island in New York, Angel Island offered an isolated location that could be tightly controlled. Unlike Ellis Island, Angel Island came to . . . — — Map (db m203482) HM
The search for freedom and opportunities brings people to America. California has been a primary Pacific Coast destination since the 1800s. Between 1910 and 1940, about one million people from 80 countries were processed through the Angel Island . . . — — Map (db m203479) HM
Marker One:
The Chinese Exclusion Act
In 1882, Congress passed the Chinese Exclusion Act. The only law to target immigrants of a specific race, it barred Chinese laborers from entering the United States.
To get around this . . . — — Map (db m203541) HM
First called Johnsonville, Bear Valley had a population of 3,000 including Chinese, Cornish and Mexicans during 1850-60 when Col. John C Fremont's Pine Tree and Josephine mines were producing. Fremont's elegant hotel "Oso House", built with lumber . . . — — Map (db m129139) HM
Also known as "The Grave Yard on the Hill", the date the Mariposa Town Cemetery was founded is unknown, but it is believed to be as early as 1850. The location of many of the earliest graves have been lost to time.
Two fraternal . . . — — Map (db m298784) HM
Portuguese people from the Azores, as well as mainland Portugal, have a long and honored history in California. The first Europeans to land on the West Coast of the new world were Portuguese. Joao Rodrigues Cabrilho explored the coast in 1542 and . . . — — Map (db m243829) HM
One of the best examples of Monterey Colonial architecture in California. Finished about 1850 by Jose Amesti who came from Spain in 1822. — — Map (db m63449) HM
Kalisa Moore, known as "Queen of Cannery Row," was born in Latvia and came to America after WWII. She bridged the eras, opening her gourmet restaurant when most of the canneries had closed.
Over the years "Kalisa's" became a bohemian coffee . . . — — Map (db m81817) HM
This Monument pays tribute to the many diverse characters vital to the evolution of Cannery Row. Perched atop the rocky outcropping sits Nobel Prize winning author John Steinbeck, who immortalized Cannery Row with his novel of the same name. He . . . — — Map (db m81813) HM
Claus Spreckels, a German immigrant, at the age of 70 constructed the worlds largest sugar beet factory. The building consisted of 3500 tons of steel framing, 4.5 million brick, a 74,500 sq. ft. slate roof, 6.5 inside stories. The brick walls . . . — — Map (db m247975) HM
In constructing the transcontinental railroad Central Pacific found there was not enough labor and turned to importing Chinese labor. The Chinese eventually made up 80% of the work force of up to 12,000 workers. The Chinese were extremely . . . — — Map (db m284660) HM
This house was built in 1857 by Mr. Geo. Hansen the promoter of that little colony of Germans who founded what is now the City of Anaheim, and originally stood on N. Los Angeles St. between Chartres & Cypress Sts.
The building was a gift . . . — — Map (db m241957) HM
Built in the 1840's by Manuel Garcia, a Portuguese merchant, this is the only surviving Monterey style adobe in Orange County. Owned by the Oyharzabal family since 1880, its uses have included: French Hotel, a general store and the town's first . . . — — Map (db m50007) HM
This monument memorializes the contributions, resilience, and strength of the early Chinese immigrants, their descendants, and today's Chinese-American community who continue to be an integral part of Santa Ana.
On May 17, 2022, the Santa Ana . . . — — Map (db m268457) HM
"We came to Mammoth Spring. This is the most delicious water. Finding some good grass about a mile from here we camped for the night, this being our last camp on the journey."
[to Little York Diggings] - Eliza Ann Mcauley, Sep 18, 1852 — — Map (db m308630) HM
In 1857, the Whitney’s arrival in Rocklin signaled the start of the Spring Valley Ranch. In the early 1900’s another important chapter of Rocklin’s agricultural history began with the arrival of Japanese and Spanish immigrants.
Both the . . . — — Map (db m243176) HM
This pavilion is a memorial dedicated to the spirit and courage of the Chinese pioneers who came to Riverside.
The culture and heritage contributed by them exemplifies the diversity that is an integral part of the magnificence of this land. — — Map (db m304507) HM
Dosan Ahn Chang-Ho
1878-1938
Pioneer · Educator · Orange Picker · Patriot
Freedom was his life, and he gave his life to freedom. Dosan Ahn Chang Ho believed that an individual could make a difference in the course of human . . . — — Map (db m304173) HM
This building was an important place for Japanese immigrants in Riverside, with offices and mostly Japanese lodgings above various specialty shops. The Japanese-owned Washington restaurant (1905-1942) operated here until 1925, offering American fare . . . — — Map (db m304429) HM
This garden honors the many contributions of the Chinese community throughout the history of Riverside. The second Chinatown site in Riverside was situated along Tequesquite Avenue between Brockton Avenue and Pine Street.
The . . . — — Map (db m303987) HM
Long ago in China, small communities would hire a night watchman, called a Geng Fu, to patrol their villages after dark. He would mark the hour by hitting a gong or hollowed wood block while looking out for fire and thieves.
This centuries . . . — — Map (db m272076) HM
The city's second oldest house was built in 1874 by Joseph
Garcia, a retired Portuguese sea captain, at what was then
the intersection of the Santa Fe Trail and Mission Road.
Sold to Etiwanda founder George B. Chaffey in 1831, it
became the . . . — — Map (db m257419) HM
Born in 1859 in the Piemonte region of Italy, Secundo Guasti had been surrounded by vines and wines throughout his childhood. Coming to America in 1884, he assimilated into the Italian community in Los Angeles and soon began growing grapes there. . . . — — Map (db m149463) HM
Pietro and Cristina (LaRosa) Busalacchi were married in their hometown of Porticello, Sicily in May 1950.
In 1966 they immigrated to San Diego with their 7 children: Anna, Tony, Sal, Frank, Joe, Leonora and Vince to begin a new life in America . . . — — Map (db m278192) HM
From the native Ohlone and Miwok peoples’ tule reed canoes to today’s immense cargo ships, vessels have plied San Francisco Bay for many centuries.
In 1775, the Spanish ship San Carlos sailed through the Golden Gate to become the . . . — — Map (db m210704) HM
Quarter of a mile due north of Glenview Cemetery and west of Justice School was a pioneer town called Mackville. Later the town's name was changed to Dogtown because of the numerous stray dogs that were let loose by their retirement from the . . . — — Map (db m220290) HM
Built of lumber shipped from San Francisco 1867-1875. Capt. Cass, an Englishman, came to California in 1849, settling in Cayucos in 1867 he built the wharf & warehouse in 1875. He was responsible for the early growth of Cayucos. He is recognized & . . . — — Map (db m68607) HM
Morro Bay Abalone Divers
Morro Bay abalone divers led in the development of commercial diving gear that took them far beyond abalone to deep water oil fields. Their inventions were creative solutions to problems they faced - they learned by . . . — — Map (db m299932) HM
"The Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route"
By Anna L. Pearman, M.A.
More than four and a half centuries ago (1571-1815), the bustling Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade Route between Manila, Philippines (then a Spanish colony) . . . — — Map (db m299302) HM
Here in 1874 was established Ah Louis Store. The first Chinese store in the county, it sold general merchandise and herbs and served as a bank counting house and post office for the numerous Chinese coolies who dug the eight tunnels through the . . . — — Map (db m16369) HM
Remembering the First People of Montara
Native Americans tell us they lived in their homelands since the creator placed them here. Archaeology confirms their presence for over 12,000 years. Over time they had to meet the challenges of changing . . . — — Map (db m229651) HM
Spain claimed Alta California after its conquest of Mexico (1519-1521) When reports of British and Russian encroachment in Northern California began to circulate in the 1760s, Spain expanded its colonial settlements to defend the California . . . — — Map (db m206740) HM
The discovery of gold at Sutter’s Fort in 1848 ushered in a period of rapid change in California as thousands of immigrants flooded into the state and the non-native population grew from 20,000 to 100,000 in one year. Mexico ceded California to . . . — — Map (db m206644) HM
Settlers from many countries came to Gilroy and brought their traditions and skills with them, contributing to Gilroy’s growth and vitality.
Germans Adam Riehl founded Gilroy Brewery and was one of Gilroy’s early City Mayors.
The . . . — — Map (db m218874) HM
California had an ancient system of Paths made by migrating herd as they searched for food and salt. Native Americans later used these trails to hunt, gather, and trade for survival. European colonists improved these roads as they settled here. The . . . — — Map (db m209016) HM
Born in Wexford, Ireland, immigrated to Canada and in 1851 married Bernard Murphy in Quebec. Following his father, Martin Murphy Sr., the couple moved to California. She was widowed when there was a boiler explosion on the steamboat “Jenny Lind” . . . — — Map (db m213067) HM
Italian immigrants came to Morgan Hill in the years of the great Mediterranean migration to the United States between 1880-1930. Their commitment to family, strong work ethic and passion to succeed laid the cultural foundation for a strong agrarian . . . — — Map (db m213167) HM
In Memory of
The Burning of San Jose Chinatown
May 4, 1887
On this site on May 4, 1887 a mysterious fire, deliberately set, destroyed San Jose's Chinatown. This was the largest Chinatown South of San Francisco. A community of bachelors and . . . — — Map (db m26215) HM
The Vietnam War (1964-75) was America's longest war. For the Vietnamese, the war had begun in 1945 with the fight for independence from French colonial rule. In that struggle, the U.S. supported the French forces.
In 1975, South Vietnam's . . . — — Map (db m231601) HM
Seventh graders from Quimby Oak Middle School's Lobo School of Innovation (LSI) honor Lee's Sandwiches, the popular Vietnamese-American fast-food franchise specializing in banh mi sandwiches and other Vietnamese cuisine items.
Chieu Le (Lê . . . — — Map (db m226845) HM
Marker One:
Hidden within our maze are several private spaces; you may walk along our circuitous paths to find them. Inside these private spaces are signposts describing the astonishing life and journeys of Count Agoston Haraszthy, who . . . — — Map (db m231511) HM
In the year 1854 on this site two belligerent Chinese Tongs fought a pitched battle, 2000 participated, 26 lost their lives, and many were wounded. — — Map (db m56084) HM
Founded in the early 1900, by Armenian immigrants seeking new beginnings, Yettem became one of California's earliest Armenian settlements drawn to the fertile soil and a landscape reminiscent of their homeland. These families established a . . . — — Map (db m298308) HM
Reportedly founded about 1849 by group of Englishmen who employed Chinese as miners. Much surface gold found on hills and flats. Headquarters for stage lines in early 1850’s, and for several California Chinese mining companies. First Chinese Tong . . . — — Map (db m301037) HM
Fred Warshauer was born in the Province of Posen in 1859 — a part of modern day Germany and Poland. He was Jewish and fled Europe to avoid being drafted into the Prussian army. He lived in poverty until coming to the United States and settling in . . . — — Map (db m282911) HM
The rich bottomlands between the South Platte River and the rail yards have been called “the Bottoms” for over a century. At times, the site occupied a lowly place in Denver’s history. Today, however, the Bottoms are coming up. Life on . . . — — Map (db m289397) HM
A native of Toyama-ken, Japan, the Rev. Tamai came to Denver in June of 1930. He devoted the rest of his life - 53 years - to the spiritual, cultural and social needs of Buddhists in Colorado, Wyoming, Nebraska, Montana, Kansas, Oklahoma, Texas . . . — — Map (db m231831) HM
Charles Boettcher (1852-1948) was a German immigrant who played several key roles in the state’s economic development. He introduced the sugar beet industry to Colorado and established the Great Western Sugar Company.
While building sugar . . . — — Map (db m135478) HM
Founders' Founding
Frank X. Flierl and Frank Hagg were neighboring homesteaders on the southern portion of the land that would become Founders Village in the late 20th century. They, like many other residents of the Ridge Road-Lower Lake . . . — — Map (db m120794) HM
“But it's here I've built my cabin, Far from strife-filled cities hum.”
-Excerpt from a poem by Henry Persse
Born in Albany, NY, Henry Persse came to Colorado with his wife, Roby and their children. John, Horace, Amelia and Mary . . . — — Map (db m289371) HM
The Indian and Eagle are highly regarded symbols of Americana. Prized by the Indian, eagle feathers guided arrows to their targets, and feathers served in civil, military, and religious displays. To capture these noble rulers of the heavens, . . . — — Map (db m288498) HM
Walsenburg is named for Fred Walsen, a German immigrant who settled here in 1870 and leased the land for the first major coal mine. But the community was actually founded by Don Miguel Antonio Leon, a rancher who led several dozen Mexican . . . — — Map (db m281301) HM
The right side of Main's 900 block housed many of Durango's saloons. Proper women would not walk on the west side of this block, except for the south end, where the First National Bank stood. Also, at various times restaurants, cigar stores, and . . . — — Map (db m291389) HM
Established in 1973, this National Historic District encompasses about 40 irregularly shaped city blocks in the Heart of Trinidad. The first log cabins and adobe houses were built here in 1861. Most of the existing buildings were constructed . . . — — Map (db m282383) HM
Trinidad is uniquely blessed to have over 100 years of its history preserved in photographs taken by a father-son team of camera artists, Oliver and Glenn Aultman, ably assisted by their wife and mother, Jennie. Through the years, their camera . . . — — Map (db m282473) HM
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