101 ► California, Kern County, Havilah — 100 — Havilah — California Historical Landmark —

On Caliente-Bodfish Road (County Route 483), on the right when traveling north.

Gold deposits at Havilah were discovered in 1864. Havilah was the county seat between 1866, when Kern County was organized, and 1872, when the government was moved to Bakersfield. Havilah was an active mining center for more than 20 years, and . . . — — Map (db m51821) HM

102 ► California, Kern County, Kernville — 132 — Kernville — California Historical Landmark —

Near Wofford Heights Boulevard near Burlando Road (County Road 495), on the right.

Kernville called Whiskey Flat until 1864, was founded in 1860 when Adam Hamilton, whiskey dealer, moved shop here from more temperate Quartzburg, founded earlier that year. Both camps resulted from the discovery of the Big Blue Ledge by “Lovely” . . . — — Map (db m25169) HM

103 ► California, Kern County, Lake Isabella — 98 — Keyesville — California Historical Landmark —

On Keyesville Road, 2 miles west of Highway 155, on the right when traveling west.

From 1853 until 1870 Keyesville was a center of both placer and quartz gold mining. On the knoll just below the townsite may still be seen the outlines of an earth-work fort, built to meet a possible Indian attack in 1863. The original Keys Mine is . . . — — Map (db m143331) HM

104 ► California, Kern County, Maricopa — 485 — Lakeview Gusher No.1 — California Historical Landmark —

On Petroleum Club Road, on the left when traveling north.

America's most spectacular gusher blew in here on March 14, 1910. Initially 18,000 barrels per day, the flow later reached an uncontrolled peak of 100,000 barrels per day, completely destroying the derrick. This Union Oil Company well produced nine . . . — — Map (db m54267) HM

105 ► California, Kern County, McKittrick — 504 — Buena Vista Refinery — California Historical Landmark —

On Lokern Road at Westside Highway (County Route 33), on the right when traveling west on Lokern Road.

Eight miles due west of this marker stood one of California's first commercial oil refineries. Between August 1864 and April 1867, approximately 4,000 gallons of illuminating oil produced there was shipped to San Francisco by the Buena Vista . . . — — Map (db m78295) HM

106 ► California, Kern County, Mettler — 291 — Fages-Zalvidea Trails — California Historical Landmark —

On Maricopa Highway (Highway 166), on the right when traveling west.

In 1772, Don Pedro Fages, first recorded non-Indian to visit the southern San Joaquin Valley, crossed this spot on his way from San Diego to San Luis Obispo. Near this point crossed Father José María de Zalvidea in 1806, while accompanying the Ruiz . . . — — Map (db m54266) HM

107 ► California, Kern County, Mojave — United States Marine Corps Air Station — Mojave California — 1942 - 1947 • 1951 - 1959 —

On Flightline Street, on the left when traveling west.

In dedication to the pilots, air crews and personnel of Mojave, who trained, served and gave their lives in the service of this country, especially to those who valiantly fought for freedom in the great battles of World War II and Korea. Semper . . . — — Map (db m53280) HM

108 ► California, Kern County, Randsburg — 57 — Randsburg, California —

On Red Rock Randsberg Road at Butte Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Red Rock Randsberg Road.

Gold was discovered on the slope of Rand Mountain in 1895. From this discovery, the town of Randsburg sprang up almost overnight. By 1899, the town had over 3500 residents. Randsburg boasted a 100-stamp mill and conservative estimates are that . . . — — Map (db m78578) HM

109 ► California, Kern County, Rosamond — 130 — Willow Springs — California Historical Landmark —

On Manly Road, 0.4 miles north of Truman Road, on the right when traveling north.

Visited by Padre Garces (1776) while following Old Horse Thief Trace later known as Joe Walker Trail. Fremont stopped here (1844). The famished Jayhawk Party (1850) found water here while struggling from Death Valley to Los Angeles. Still later was . . . — — Map (db m156684) HM

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110 ► California, Kern County, Rosamond — 130 — Willow Springs — California Historical Landmark —

On Manly Road, 0.2 miles north of Truman Road, on the left when traveling north.

Willow Springs was a stage station on the Los Angeles-Havilah Stage Lines, 1864-1874. From here light traffic went through Oak Creek Pass via Tehachapi to Havilah and Kernville; heavy traffic went northwest to the Inyo mines, or via Jawbone Canyon . . . — — Map (db m156685) HM

111 ► California, Kern County, Tehachapi — Monolith — California —

On East F Street, on the left when traveling east.

1906-1914: City of Los Angeles builds and operates plant to make cement for Los Angeles Aqueduct and also constructs town named Aqueduct to house workers and families. 1910: Aqueduct train station and post office are renamed Monolith. . . . — — Map (db m52988) HM

112 ► California, Kern County, Tehachapi — 97 — Oak Creek Pass — California Historical Landmark —

On Tehachapi-Willow Springs Road, on the right when traveling north.

Father Francisco Garces used the Oak Creek Pass in 1776 to return to the Mojave after exploring the San Joaquin Valley, as did Fremont in 1844-45. Until the building of the railroad through the Tehachapi Pass in 1876, Oak Creek Pass was the only . . . — — Map (db m50250) HM

113 ► California, Kern County, Tehachapi — The Women's Prison in Tehachapi - 1932 — Became California Correction Institution for Men in 1954 —

On Green St, on the right when traveling north.

In 1933 California’s first women’s prison was established in Tehachapi to provide an environment more conductive to rehabilitation than San Quentin State Prison. Two-story buildings were constructed of reinforced concrete in the French Normandy . . . — — Map (db m134503) HM

114 ► California, Lassen County, Susanville — Peter Lassen In California —

“In Camponit Peter Lassen and his party had been waiting for the winter to be over. Instead of crossing the mountain ranges on their way south, he and six other persons decided to go by ship from Fort Vancouver. A small steamship, . . . — — Map (db m31740) HM

115 ► California, Los Angeles County, Downey — The Speedee McDonald's Store — Downey, California —

On Lakewood Boulevard at East Florence Avenue, on the right when traveling south on Lakewood Boulevard.

This is the oldest existing McDonald's hamburger stand in the world. Its neon arches and red and white tile have become an icon of the California car culture of the 1950s. The towering neon chef, "Speedee," was McDonald's first mascot and . . . — — Map (db m51959) HM

116 ► California, Los Angeles County, Gorman — The “Ridge Route” — California Historic Civil Engineering Landmark — Constructed 1914-1915 —

Near Vista Del Lago Road at Interstate 5.

In front of you in the hills, high above freeway Interstate 5, is a portion of the historic 1915 two-lane “Ridge Route”. The power lines follow it. The original Ridge Route was constructed in 1914-1915 by pick, shovel and mule drawn Fresno . . . — — Map (db m152085) HM

117 ► California, Los Angeles County, La Verne — 9 — Henry L. Kuns Home — California Craftsman Bungalow - 1911 —

On Magnolia Avenue at 5th Street, on the left when traveling north on Magnolia Avenue.

Henry L. Kuns was son of David Kuns, one of four men who established Lordsburg College. Henry Kuns was a rancher, realtor, banker, and first mayor of Lordsburg. He founded an orphanage named for his parents, David and Margaret, and created . . . — — Map (db m190950) HM

118 ► California, Los Angeles County, La Verne — 2 — Isaac Eikenberry Home — California Craftsman Bungalow - 1912 —

On 3rd Street at G Street, on the right when traveling east on 3rd Street.

This Craftsman home, built in 1912 by Mace and Adele Doutt, was purchased in 1918 by Isaac Eikenberry and remained in the Eikenberry family until 1974, a total of 56 years. The large bur oak tree grew from an acorn which Eikenberry . . . — — Map (db m190938) HM

119 ► California, Los Angeles County, La Verne — 13 — J.M. Johnson Home — California Craftsman Bungalow - 1911 —

On Magnolia Avenue at Bonita Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Magnolia Avenue.

This residence was built at the same time as Henry L. Kuns’ home at the north end of the block. James M. Johnson was married to Kuns' daughter, Ora Lamb Kuns. Johnson owned the Lordsburg Garage & Machine Shop. He also maintained streets . . . — — Map (db m190953) HM

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120 ► California, Los Angeles County, Lancaster — California Poppy Reserve — The Dream of a Poppy Park —

Near Lancaster Road at 150th Street West, on the right when traveling west.

In the 1940s Jane S. Pinheiro, a local resident and self-taught wildflower artist, became concerned that rapid growth in the Antelope Valley was endangering wildflower fields. Jane's dream was to have a "Poppy Park" to protect the official . . . — — Map (db m189239) HM

121 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Downtown Los Angeles — First Gas Service in Southern California —

On Olvera Street at Paseo de la Plaza, on the right when traveling north on Olvera Street.

Commemorating the 100th anniversary of the founding in the Plaza area of the first gas service in Southern California June 28, 1867. — — Map (db m162929) HM

122 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Downtown Los Angeles — Spanish Expeditions Into Southern California — Los Pobladores — The Founders of the City of Los Angeles —

On North Main Street north of Arcadia Street.

The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas In 1542, Captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo “discovered” California while . . . — — Map (db m162879) HM

123 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Downtown Los Angeles — The Indians of Southern California —

On North Los Angeles Street, 0.1 miles west of North Alameda Street, on the right when traveling south.

This plaque and garden are dedicated to the memory of the first peoples who lived in what is now the County of Los Angeles. Some of the earliest Indians were members of the Uto Aztecan linguistic family or were descended from the Shoshone Tribe. . . . — — Map (db m54552) HM

124 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Lake Balboa — Birmingham Army Hospital — Van Nuys, California —

Near Haynes Street, 0.2 miles west of Balboa Boulevard, on the left when traveling west.

On this site of Birmingham Hospital, 1943-1950, Veterans returning from World War II were given renewed confidence and hope by the dedicated personnel who cared for them. Their legacy of pride and courage remains here as an incentive for all . . . — — Map (db m192055) HM

125 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northeast Los Angeles — Rancho Rosa Castilla — Site of California State University Los Angeles — Historical Marker —

On Paseo Rancho Castilla, 0.5 miles east of Eastern Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

On this site in 1776 Franciscan missionaries built one of 36 original California adobes. — — Map (db m146916) HM

126 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northridge — Botanic Garden — California State University Northridge —

On Lindley Avenue, 0.2 miles north of Nordhoff Street, on the right when traveling north.

Originally planted in 1959 with California natives, the 1.5-acre garden and greenhouse complex is now a collection of some 1,200 plant species representing many regions and climates from around the world. In addition to exotic plants, it contains . . . — — Map (db m220283) HM

127 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northridge — Chaparral Hall — California State University Northridge —

On Lindley Avenue, 0.1 miles north of Nordhoff Street, on the right when traveling north.

Built in 2009, Chaparral Hall is named after the most dominant natural vegetation type in Southern California, and is home to the Biology Department in the College of Science and Mathematics. Chaparral Hall's 13 "smart" lecture rooms can seat a . . . — — Map (db m220300) HM

128 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northridge — CSUN Flagpole — California State University Northridge —

On Lindley Avenue, 0.2 miles north of Nordhoff Street, on the right when traveling north.

On this site the flag of our country was raised on September 24, 1956, signaling the beginning of classes for the Valley campus of Los Angeles State College, which became San Fernando Valley State College July 1, 1958, and California State . . . — — Map (db m208634) HM

129 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northridge — Orange Grove — California State University Northridge —

On Lindley Avenue north of Nordhoff Street, on the right when traveling north.

The grove's more than 400 orange trees serve as one of the last vestiges of the San Fernando Valley's agricultural history. Harvested fruit is regularly donated to local food banks. The grove has been transformed into a welcoming retreat with . . . — — Map (db m208641) HM

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130 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Northridge — Younes & Soraya Nazarian Center for the Performing Arts — California State University Northridge —

On Nordhoff Street just west of Lindley Avenue, on the right when traveling west.

The 166,000 sq. ft. state-of-the-art performing arts center opened in 2011 and features an acoustically tunable 1,700 seat performance hall, 180 seat flexible theatre, and academic lab and lecture spaces. The building incorporates reflective . . . — — Map (db m220284) HM

131 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — A World-Class University — University of Southern California — USC —

Near Bloom Walk east of Watt Way, on the left when traveling east.

Because a superior faculty is at the heart of any university's stature, USC has long been committed to attracting the best and the brightest men and women to teach its students. During its early years, the university's growing . . . — — Map (db m234141) HM

132 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Automobile Club of Southern California —

On Figueroa Street at Adams Boulevard, on the right when traveling south on Figueroa Street.

Command Post For Southern California's Car Culture The headquarters of the Automobile Club of Southern California has sometimes been mistaken for the ornate Roman Catholic St. Vincent de Paul church. The two, along with the imposing . . . — — Map (db m208552) HM

133 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — California African American Museum —

On Figueroa Street at State Drive, on the right when traveling south on Figueroa Street.

Black Americans In The Golden State Africans have had a presence and stake in California since before there was a California. Some 300 Africans accompanied the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes to the New World in 1519. And more than two . . . — — Map (db m216966) HM

134 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — California Eagle —

On 41st Street at Central Avenue, on the right when traveling west on 41st Street.

From Owl to Eagle Starting in 1827, African American-owned newspapers began popping up throughout the United States, giving a voice to people who had been largely voiceless. From the late 1800s until 1964, the California Eagle . . . — — Map (db m229278) HM

135 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — California Science Center —

On Figueroa Street at State Drive, on the right when traveling south on Figueroa Street.

From Inner Spaces To Outer Space The nation was celebrating the tenth anniversary of the Wright Brothers' powered flight when the State Exposition Building first opened in Exposition Park in 1913 — a place that would become an . . . — — Map (db m233940) HM

136 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Creating Southern California — University of Southern California — USC —

Near Watt Way south of Downey Way.

When USC was founded in 1880, there were few avenues open to ambitious young Angelenos, who sought training in the different professions. Aspiring physicians were forced to leave the region to attend medical school in other cities, and future . . . — — Map (db m234144) HM

137 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Douglas Fairbanks — University of Southern California —

On 34th Street, 0.4 miles west of Figueroa Street, on the left when traveling west.

Douglas Fairbanks founded the USC Cinema program when president of the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences, 1929. The Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences Courtyard. — — Map (db m229400) HM

138 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Endowing the Future — University of Southern California —

On Childs Way east of Trousdale Parkway, on the right when traveling east.

When Orro Childs, John G. Downey and Isaias Hellman deeded 308 lots to the trustees of the University of Southern California in 1879, they were not only providing a new campus and a source of funding for the new institution; they were laying . . . — — Map (db m235269) HM

139 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Founders’ Fountain — The University of Southern California —

On Trousdale Parkway at West 34th Street, in the median on Trousdale Parkway.

Established here July 29, 1879, to the Glory of GOD and to the Preservation of the Republic. An institution of higher learning dedicated to the search for and the dissemination of the truth to freedom of thought and discussion. To intelligent, . . . — — Map (db m130534) HM

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140 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — 1053 — Hancock Foundation Building — University of Southern California —

On Trousdale Parkway, 0.1 miles north of Exposition Boulevard, on the right when traveling north.

Allan Hancock Foundation, the University of Southern California, 1940. Rufus B. Von KleinSmid, president of the university. Allan Hancock, director of the foundation. Building committee: Frank F. Barham, Henry W. Bruce, Addison B. Day, Elizabeth . . . — — Map (db m229921) HM

141 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — 1051 — Physical Education Building — University of Southern California —

On Watt Way just north of Childs Way, on the right when traveling north.

Physical Education Building, University of Southern California, erected 1930. Rufus B. Von Kleinsmid, president of the university. William Ralph La Porte, director of the Division of Physical Education. Building committee: Charles E. . . . — — Map (db m230110) HM

142 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — Rafer Johnson — University of California, Los Angeles — UCLA —

Near Figueroa Street south of Exposition Boulevard, on the right when traveling south.

No event in track and field is more challenging, physically or mentally, than the decathlon. 1955 · UCLA freshman Rafer won the Pan American Games decathlon in Mexico City. 1954-58 · He competed under UCLA coaches Craig Dixon and . . . — — Map (db m238101) HM

143 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — 536 — The Oldest University Building in Southern California —

On Childs Way at Pardee Way, on the right when traveling west on Childs Way.

Dedicated on September 4, 1880, this original building of the University of Southern California has been continuously in use for educational purposes since its doors were first opened to students on October 6, 1880, by the university's first . . . — — Map (db m126924) HM

144 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — University of Southern California — Widney Hall — USC —

On Exposition Boulevard at Pardee Way, on the right when traveling west on Exposition Boulevard.

The First Trojan—Before There Was A University Amid the ivy-covered brick buildings and towering palm trees of the University of Southern California, there survives a two-story white clapboard building, a relic and a link not only to the . . . — — Map (db m128578) HM

145 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, South Los Angeles — University of Southern California —

On 34th Street just east of Hoover Street, on the right when traveling east.

Trojan Cardinal And Olympic Gold Among the scholars who have passed through the University of Southern California have been thousands of star athletes: All-American football players, Hall of Fame standouts, a future Oscar winning . . . — — Map (db m238532) HM

146 ► California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Sun Valley — Theodore Payne — Embracing the Nature of California —

Near Tuxford Street east of Wheatland Avenue.

Early Life As a young man, Theodore Payne (1872-1963) immigrated to Southern California from England to pursue a career in horticulture. He fell in love with the local flora, especially our wild flowers, which were threatened by . . . — — Map (db m118536) HM

147 ► California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena, Old Pasadena — Original Site of Throop University — Forerunner of California Institute of Technology —

On East Green Street at Fair Oaks Avenue, on the right when traveling east on East Green Street.

Original Site of Throop University. Established on November 2, 1891. Forerunner of California Institute of Technology. — — Map (db m134141) HM

148 ► California, Los Angeles County, San Gabriel — Early California — Outdoor Mural — by artist Donald "Putt" Putman —

On Santa Anita Street just west of Mission Drive, on the right when traveling west.

The 72 foot mural depicts life in early California with scenes of Native Americans, Francisan Padres and Senoritas. It was painted over a period of three months. Images projected against the wall at night provided the basic outline necessary to . . . — — Map (db m67295) HM

149 ► California, Los Angeles County, San Gabriel — Ramona Museum of California History — Ramona Parlor No. 109 Hall —

On South Mission Drive north of Santa Anita Street, on the left when traveling north.

This building, built in 1951, was purchased by Ramona Parlor No.109 Native Sons of the Golden West in 1998 and renovated as a meeting hall and a place to display their early California artifacts in their efforts to preserve the “Spirit of . . . — — Map (db m124459) HM

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150 ► California, Los Angeles County, San Marino — Camellia Japonica ‘California’ — Huntington Library —

Near Allen Avenue south of Orlando Road.

'California' is believed to be the oldest camellia plant on record in Southern California. It arrived in 1888 as an unnamed seedling and was purchased for 25 cents off a Japanese tramp steamer in Redondo Beach harbor. For nearly 70 years the plant, . . . — — Map (db m124471) HM

151 ► California, Los Angeles County, Santa Clarita, Newhall — 172 — Pioneer Oil Refinery —

Near Pine Street, 0.2 miles south of Newhall Avenue, on the left when traveling south.

California's first oil refinery operated on a commercial scale, erected 1876. Restored by the Standard Oil Company of California in 1930 as a memorial to D. G. Scofield and his pioneer associates of the California Star Oil Works company, a . . . — — Map (db m165742) HM

152 ► California, Los Angeles County, Santa Clarita, Stevenson Ranch — 516 — First Commercial Oil Well In California — Pico #4 —

Near Pico Canyon Road, 4.5 miles west of Interstate 5.

On this site stands CSO-4 (Pico #4), California's first commerically productive well. It was spudded in early 1876, under the direction of Demetrius G. Scofield, later to become first president of Standard Oil Company of California, and was . . . — — Map (db m157684) HM

153 ► California, Marin County, Mill Valley — 207 — Reed's Mill — Registered California Historical Landmark —

On Cascade Drive near Throckmorton Avenue.

The mill was constructed in the 1830's by John Reed and was one of the first saw mills in Northern California. The mill site was utilized in May 1890 to conduct a public land auction of land parcels that signaled the founding of the City of Mill . . . — — Map (db m143523) HM

154 ► California, Marin County, Novato — GPY 140-08 — Novato Bank Building — 826-828 Grant Avenue Novato, California —

On Grant Avenue at Sherman Avenue, on the right when traveling west on Grant Avenue.

The Novato Bank (828 Grant Avenue) was built in 1913 by property owner, Frank Silva. The bank served ranchers, merchants, home builders, and the Novato area. The adjoining section of the building (826 Grant Avenue)first served as a drugstore when . . . — — Map (db m102561) HM

155 ► California, Mariposa County, Mariposa — A Shrine to Justice in California —

On Bullion Street south of 10th Street, on the right when traveling south.

In honor of the sesquincentennial of the Mariposa County Courthouse and recognition of its continuous use since 1855. In June 1857 Biddle Boggs vs. Merced Mining Company made legal mining history and the 1861 cases of Moore vs. Smaw and Fremont . . . — — Map (db m46739) HM

156 ► California, Mariposa County, Mariposa — California State Mining and Mineral Museum —

Near Fairgrounds Road near California Highway 49, on the right when traveling east.

The California State Geological Society started collecting mineral specimens in 1865. In 1880, the California State Mining Bureau was founded. This plaque is dedicated to the miners and founders for their foresight. Todays collection displays . . . — — Map (db m46845) HM

157 ► California, Mariposa County, Mariposa — The Townsite of Agua Fria, California —

On Aqua Fria Road, 0.4 miles north of California Highway 140, on the left when traveling north.

This mining town became the seat of justice of Mariposa County when on February 18,1850, the State Legislature divided the state into 27 counties. Mariposa County the comprised one-fifth of the entire state and included what are Mariposa, Tulare, . . . — — Map (db m46411) HM

158 ► California, Mendocino County, Piercy — Confusion Hill — California State Point Of Historical Interest —

Near U.S. 101.

Confusion Hill was officially listed by the California Office of Historic Preservation as a State Point of Historical Interest 1/29/10 Confusion Hill was opened in 1949 by George Hudson. It consisted of a Gift Shop, Snack Bar . . . — — Map (db m120663) HM

159 ► California, Merced County, Santa Nella — The Remembrance Memorial for California Korean War Veterans —

On Tres Cerritos Boulevard east of North Loop Road, on the left.

To the 2,495 men from California who during the Korean War, 25 June 1950 to 27 July 1953, gave their last measure of valor to their country. On this wall are men killed in action, mission in action, or who died prisoners of war. May this memorial . . . — — Map (db m213834) WM

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160 ► California, Modoc County, Cedarville — 14 — Cressler - Bonner Trading Post — California Historical Landmark No. 14 —

Near Center Street south of Townsend Street, on the right when traveling south.

The first building erected in Deep Creek settlement, now Cedarville, was built in 1865 as a trading post by James Townsend, who was killed in an indian fight it 1866. Purchased by William T. Cressler and John H. Bonner in 1867, the building . . . — — Map (db m10245) HM

161 ► California, Modoc County, Newell — Burnett Cutoff — Associated With the California Trail National Historic Trail System —

On California Route 139, 4.4 miles north of Clear Lake Road, on the right when traveling north.

This trail was blazed by Peter Burnett in 1848 from Oregon City, Oregon Territory to the California gold fields. The route followed the Applegate Trail south and eastward to Tule Lake. It then struck southward probably following an earlier trail . . . — — Map (db m147839) HM

162 ► California, Mono County, Benton — Montgomery City California —

On Highway 6, on the right when traveling north.

In October of 1863, rich silver discoveries led to the formation of Montgomery Mining District and Montgomery City which, although short lived, supported a newspaper, The Pioneer. There were no continuous veins found and mining operations . . . — — Map (db m3492) HM

163 ► California, Monterey County, Carmel-by-the-Sea — Early American Baptisms in California —

Near Rio Road at Lausen Drive, on the right when traveling east.

Honoring Four Early Americans in California They came to this coast as seamen and remained as settlers Baptized in this Mission George Mayo, of Plymouth, Mass., on 3 August, 1816 Thomas W. Doak, of Boston, Mass., on 22 November, 1816 . . . — — Map (db m63684) HM

164 ► California, Monterey County, Carmel-by-the-Sea — 135 — Junípero Serra/Establishing the California Missions/The Ave Maria Bell —

On Rio Road near Lausen Drive.

Junípero Serra Serra played a decisive role in the European settlement of the New World. He was born Miquel José Serra in Petra on the Mediterranean island of Mallorca on November 24, 1713. Though not an assuming figure and plagued by ill . . . — — Map (db m143467) HM

165 ► California, Monterey County, Jolon — First Marriage in California —

First Marriage in California took place at this Mission between Juan Maria Ruiz of El Fuerte, Sonora, Mexico, 25 years of age, and Margarita de Cortona, 22, a Salinan woman of Mission San Antonio, on the sixteenth of May in the year of Our Lord 1773 — — Map (db m51561) HM

166 ► California, Monterey County, Monterey — Colton Hall – Site of California’s Original Constitution —

Near Pacific Street.

Forty-eight men of diverse education and cultural backgrounds from throughout California converged upon Monterey in September in 1849 to frame a constitutional government for California. Working together as Californians, they created this . . . — — Map (db m63348) HM

167 ► California, Monterey County, Monterey — First Newspaper in California —

Near Munras Avenue.

Walter Colton and Robert Semple began publication of The Californian August 15, 1846 in the old Cuartel on this site — — Map (db m63480) HM

168 ► California, Monterey County, Monterey — 136 — First Theater in California — California Historical Landmark No. 136 —

On Pacific Street at Scott Street, on the left when traveling north on Pacific Street.

California's First Theatre. Monterey State Historic Park, a California State Park. For more information, go to our website: www.parks.ca.gov/mshp — — Map (db m239972) HM

169 ► California, Monterey County, Monterey — The California Riviera — Historic Cannery Row —

On Cannery Row.

From 1901 to 1941, much of the eastern portion of Cannery Row’s coastline was occupied by a single estate, Casa de Las Olas, which stretched 1,000 feet along Monterey Bay (top). San Francisco financier Hugh Tevis had it built in 1901 as a wedding . . . — — Map (db m55212) HM

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170 ► California, Monterey County, Monterey — The Great Seal of the State of California —

On Pacific Street near Jefferson Street.

The Great Seal of the State of California designed by Major Robert Selden Garnett, U.S. Army, and adopted by the Constitutional Convention of 1849 at Monterey. Commissioned a Brigadier General in the Confederate States Army He . . . — — Map (db m33659) HM

171 ► California, Napa County, Yountville — Flags over California in 1870 —

Near Washington Street near Yount Street, on the left when traveling north.

In 1870, the year in which the Groezinger Winery (now Vintage 1870) was built, these flags: the California Bear flag (note how much more primitive in design it is in contrast with the present day version) and the American flag (then with 37 stars) . . . — — Map (db m103540) HM

172 ► California, Napa County, Yountville — Veterans Home of California —

On California Drive, on the left when traveling north.

On Oct. 25, 1882, the Veterans Home of California Association purchased 910 Acres in Yountville for $17,750. On this site the first building was erected. Opened April 1, 1884 for Civil and Mexican War veterans. By July 1, 1889, the Home . . . — — Map (db m144263) HM

173 ► California, Napa County, Yountville — 828 — Veterans Home of California —

On California Drive at Solano Avenue, on the left when traveling west on California Drive.

Established in 1884 by Mexican War Veterans and members of the Grand Army of the Republic who recognized the need for a home for California’s aged and disabled veterans. In January 1897 the Veterans Home Association deeded the home and its 910 acres . . . — — Map (db m18743) HM

174 ► California, Nevada County, Soda Springs — HEV-003 — Western America Skisport Museum — California Point of Historical Interest HEV-003 —

Near Bunny Hill Drive.

Downhill ski racing history in the Western Hemisphere first began in California circa 1857, and in this famous Donner Pass of the Sierra Nevada the Auburn Ski Club presents a full exhibition of pioneered manpower transportation and skisport history . . . — — Map (db m60888) HM

175 ► California, Orange County, Dana Point — California's Highway 1 — Pacific Coast Highway —

On Pacific Coast Highway (California Route 1) west of Doheny Park, on the right when traveling west.

The Most Beautiful Drive in America California's fabled road begins here in Dana Point and winds north along the scenic California coast linking waterside destinations, secluded stretches, and California's biggest cities. The road ends near . . . — — Map (db m183015) HM

176 ► California, Orange County, Irvine — 218 — Barton Mound — California Registered Historical Landmark No. 218 —

Near Dana west of Gitano.

In January 1857, a group of outlaws were terrorizing the citizens of San Juan Capistrano committing robbery and murder. Los Angeles County Sheriff James R. Barton formed a posse of five men and rode south. On January 23, 1857, near this mound, a . . . — — Map (db m244100) HM

177 ► California, Orange County, La Habra — First Krispy Kreme in California —

On Imperial Highway east of Beach Boulevard, on the left when traveling east.

Site of the first Krispy Kreme location in California. Established January 4, 1999. — — Map (db m246620) HM

178 ► California, Orange County, Mission Viejo — California's Mustard Seed Trail —

Near Civic Center just west of Marguerite Parkway, on the right when traveling west.

In 1769 Gasper de Portolá led a group of Spanish soldiers on a thousand-mile march from Baja California to San Francisco. His purpose was to locate the ports of San Diego and Monterey and to establish a series of churches and military posts. The . . . — — Map (db m188706) HM

179 ► California, Orange County, Mission Viejo — James Hill, Born 1963 — California, United States — Spirit - February, 2007 —

On Crown Valley Parkway at Medical Center Road, on the right when traveling east on Crown Valley Parkway.

The eloquent artwork, Spirit, creates a landmark corner for the 38-acre Mission Hospital campus as well as the City of Mission Viejo. Grand, curved arches in soft brown, oxidized steel act as a frame for the artwork with clear reflection . . . — — Map (db m196038)

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180 ► California, Orange County, Silverado — 144 — Death of the California Grizzly — 1908 —

On Silverado Canyon Road, on the right when traveling west.

The Santa Ana Mountains, which encompass the canyons of Silverado, Modjeska and Trabuco, provided one of the last refuges for the state symbol, the Grizzly Bear. At the turn of the century, beekeeping was an important local industry, providing . . . — — Map (db m78516) HM

181 ► California, Orange County, Yorba Linda — Richard Nixon — A California Native Son —

Near Yorba Linda Boulevard at Eureka Avenue.

Richard M. Nixon, the only native Californian elected to the Presidency of the United States of America, strongly believed in serving his community. His membership in the Native Sons of the Golden West reflected a lifelong devotion to public . . . — — Map (db m170611) HM

182 ► California, Placer County, Auburn — 2008-6 — First Placer County Hospital — 219 Maple Street, Auburn, California —

On Maple Street at Commercial Street, on the left when traveling west on Maple Street.

This building first constructed in 1852, opened on September 22, 1855 as the first Placer County Hospital. In 1890 the building was badly damaged by fire. At the time, the upstairs was the residence and gallery of photographer J.M. Jacobs and the . . . — — Map (db m93966) HM

183 ► California, Plumas County, Portola — Central California Traction Company 24 — Steel Cupola Caboose —

Near Western Pacific Way, 0.2 miles west of Main Street.

CCT 24 was originally built for the famous Santa Fe Railway as part of its first order of all steel cabooses. Built in St. Charles, Missouri by American Car and Foundry, the 24 was part of the same class of cars as ATSF 999197, another caboose that . . . — — Map (db m163302) HM

184 ► California, Plumas County, Portola — Western Pacific Railroad 805-A — California Zephyr Passenger Locomotive —

Near Western Pacific Way, 0.2 miles west of Main Street.

This unit, affectionately called a "covered wagon" was purchased to power Western Pacific's California Zephyr less than one year after the train began on March 20, 1949. This cab unit, typically joined by two cabless "B" units, hauled the train . . . — — Map (db m163295) HM

185 ► California, Riverside County, Chiriaco Summit — California-Arizona Maneuver Area — Headquarters of General George Patton — 1942 —

Near Chiriaco Road near Summit.

Training troops in desert warfare in preparation for Operation "Torch." The invasion of German held North Africa. The world's largest military installation, training 60 divisions and more than one million soldiers. — — Map (db m99284) HM

186 ► California, Riverside County, Chiriaco Summit — 94 — Desert Training Center — California-Arizona Maneuver Area — Veterans Memorial —

On Chiriaco Road, on the right when traveling west.

This monument is dedicated to the men and women of the United States Army who were trained here at the Desert Training Center during World War II. — — Map (db m78559) HM

187 ► California, Riverside County, Chiriaco Summit — 985 — Desert Training Center — California Arizona Maneuver Area —

Near Chiriaco Road (Business Interstate 10) just north of Summit Road, on the left when traveling east.

The D.T.C was established by Major General George S. Patton Jr. in response to a need to train American combat troops for battle in North Africa during World War II. The camp, which began operation in 1942 covered 18,000 square miles. It was the . . . — — Map (db m50700) HM

188 ► California, Riverside County, Idyllwild — Hoxie-Vance Cabin — California Register of Historical Resources — August 7, 2015 —

On California Route 243, 0.2 miles south of North Circle Drive, on the left when traveling south.

The Hoxie-Vance cabin is officially listed as a Prairie style resort cabin of u-shaped configuration and a hipped roof, constructed in 1923 for Charles A. Vance and Wyckoff Hoxie of Tustin, California. This is an excellent example of . . . — — Map (db m232827) HM

189 ► California, Riverside County, Riverside — 787 — De Anza Crossing of the Santa Ana River — California Registered Landmark No. 787 — 1775 and 1776 —

Near Moraga Avenue, on the right when traveling south.

On January 1, 1776, the first party of colonists to come overland to the Pacific Coast crossed the Santa Ana River south of this marker and camped between here and the river. Recruited in the presidios of Sonora, Mexico, and led by Lt. Col. Juan . . . — — Map (db m50995) HM

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190 ► California, Riverside County, Riverside — The First Marsh Grapefruit Trees into California —

On Arlington Avenue at Magnolia Avenue, on the right when traveling east on Arlington Avenue.

To Commemorate the introduction of the first Marsh Grapefruit Trees into California, brought to Riverside from Lakeland, Florida in 1890 by Twogood and Cutter, pioneer nurserymen, and to honor J.E. Cutter who planted here one of those first trees. — — Map (db m82144) HM

191 ► California, Sacramento County, Elk Grove — 817 — Site of the First County Free Library Branch in California —

In 1908 Elk Grove acquired through the efforts of Miss Harriet G. Eddy, then principal of Elk Grove Union High School, the first county free library branch in California. Subsequently, California's county free library branch system has become one of . . . — — Map (db m11868) HM

192 ► California, Sacramento County, Folsom — 558 — Folsom Terminal — California’s First Passenger Railroad —

On Sutter Street at Stafford Street, on the right when traveling south on Sutter Street.

Completion of the Sacramento Valley Railroad from Sacramento to Folsom was completed here February 22, 1856, by enthusiastic residents of both cities. The new line, 22 miles in length was commenced February 12, 1855, and was built by Theodore . . . — — Map (db m15613) HM

193 ► California, Sacramento County, Folsom — Natomas Consolidated of California —

On Blue Ravine Road at Folsom Boulevard, on the left when traveling west on Blue Ravine Road.

Natomas Company activities started in this area in 1857 with the acquisition of 9,000 acres from the Joseph L. Folsom estate. Early partners engaged in water, granite quarrying, agriculture, vineyards, gold mining, hydro-electric power and . . . — — Map (db m705) HM

194 ► California, Sacramento County, Freeport — George Hack House — State of California Point of Historical Interest —

On River Road at Freeport Bridge on River Road.

George Hack settled in the Sacramento River delta in 1855, seven years before the town of Freeport was established, and was a true pioneer farmer of the area. Hack operated a small dairy and grew a variety of crops on his ranch. His apricots, once . . . — — Map (db m91789) HM

195 ► California, Sacramento County, Locke — Locke, California —

On Main Street near Levee Street, on the left when traveling west.

Researched by Martha Esch, copyright 2016. '17 Citations verified by J'aime Rubio For hundreds of years when the Sacramento Delta was a swamp, nearly the size of Rhode Island, Native Americans inhabited this area. Burial mounds of the . . . — — Map (db m151239) HM

196 ► California, Sacramento County, Sacramento, Central Business District — California Mexican-American War Memorial —

On 10th Street at Capital Mall, on the right when traveling south on 10th Street.

In memory of the American Servicemen of Hispanic descent and all others who sacrificed their lives to protect the freedoms we enjoy. — — Map (db m15474) HM

197 ► California, Sacramento County, Sacramento, Central Business District — California State Capitol —

ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION – 1860 – 1874 Miner F. Butler – Won Design Competition, 1860 Ruben Clark, Supervising Architect, 1860 – 1865 Gordon P. Cummings, Supervising Architect, 1865 – 1870 Kenitzer & . . . — — Map (db m154358) HM

198 ► California, Sacramento County, Sacramento, Central Business District — California State Capitol Park —

Near L Street south of 12th Street, on the left when traveling west.

History When Spanish governors ruled the California territory, its capital was moved from town to town between San Diego and Monterey. San Jose had already been designated the capital by the time California was granted statehood in 1850. In . . . — — Map (db m137646) HM

199 ► California, Sacramento County, Sacramento, Central Business District — California State Capitol Park —

Near 10th Street.

HISTORY When Spanish governors ruled the California territory, its capitol was moved from town to town between San Diego and Monterey. San Jose had already been designated the capitol by the time California was granted statehood in 1850. . . . — — Map (db m15017) HM

200 ► California, Sacramento County, Sacramento, Central Business District — California Veterans Memorial —

On N St, on the right when traveling west.

(Memorial is without text.) — — Map (db m113219) WM

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