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Paleontology Topic

 
By William Fischer, Jr., October 11, 2020
Is the Trio in Trouble? Marker and Stumps
101 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Is the Trio in Trouble? — Fighting Gravity and the Weather —
Near County Road 1.
The three trunks of the Trio are all interconnected because they are part of the same tree! They were likely sprouts from a broken central tree, which makes them clones. The original rock matrix that buried the Trio in the late Eocene was excavated . . . — — Map (db m240476) HM
102 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Just One Piece at a Time —
Near County Road 1.
"One of the wonders of this part of the world is the 'Petrified Forest'...between Colorado Springs and Fairplay. This remarkable relic...bids fair to disappear very shortly, unless the...tourists cease their work of destruction. Everyone must . . . — — Map (db m158483) HM
103 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Layers of Time —
Near County Road 1.
To uncover the geologic history of the Florissant region, you must peel back the surface and examine the rock layers below. Sediments are deposited layer upon layer, with the oldest at the bottom and the youngest on top. Because of this principle . . . — — Map (db m158482) HM
104 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Life in the Forest —
Near County Road 1.
The Abert's squirrel inhabits this forest. It eats ponderosa pine cones and the inner bark of the twigs. It's just one of many animals that depend on the ponderosa forest for food, nesting, and cover. The fossil record also shows animals and plant . . . — — Map (db m158510) HM
105 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Life Zones —
Near Ponderosa Loop.
Pikes Peak is the huge mountain you see across the valley. On a clear day, you can see two distinct areas on the mountain—a darker band of forest and a lighter colored treeless area. These different layers called "life zones" are a . . . — — Map (db m158493) HM
106 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Making of a Monument —
Near County Road 1.
A grassroots effort Beneath this valley is one of the richest fossil deposits in the world. Imagine instead this valley filled with a housing subdivision. There would be no open space, no trails, no scientific research, and no . . . — — Map (db m158376) HM
107 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Reading the Rings —
Near County Road 1.
Core samples from Sequoia affinis fossil stumps contain remarkably well-preserved annual growth rings. Locked within those concentric rings are clues about past growing conditions in the Florissant valley. The stumps at Florissant have . . . — — Map (db m158428) HM
108 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Stumps of Stone —
Near County Road 1.
In the late Eocene epoch, about 34 million years ago, the Florissant valley was buried by eruptions from a cluster of volcanoes known as the Guffey volcanic center. Huge volcanic mudflows (lahars) spread into this forested valley with great speed, . . . — — Map (db m158402) HM
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109 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — The Present Touches the Past —
Near County Road 1.
Just beyond the circular wooden fence in front of you is a young ponderosa pine tree growing out of the top of an ancient petrified redwood tree stump. The huge redwood tree was buried by a volcanic mudflow and was later exposed by erosion. The . . . — — Map (db m158515) HM
110 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — The Role of Fire —
Near County Road 1.
Can you see the spiral scar on the ponderosa pine directly to your right? It goes all the way up and around the tree. Lightning struck this tree many years ago. Lightning and the fires it causes are natural processes in forests like this one. Fire . . . — — Map (db m158506) HM
111 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Valley Through Time —
Near County Road 1.
You are standing in the Florissant valley surrounded by ponderosa pine forests. But 34-35 million years ago, this was the site of Lake Florissant. The twelve-mile-long lake was formed when volcanic mudflows dammed a stream that flowed south . . . — — Map (db m158489) HM
112 ► Colorado, Teller County, Florissant — Welcome to Florissant, the Northern Gateway to The Gold Belt Tour National Scenic Byway — There's something for everyone along the way.. —
On U.S. 24 0.1 miles west of County Road 45, on the right when traveling west.
Rich Cultural History The legacy of many different cultures and people can be found along the Byway. Native American Indian tribes who lived here for centuries prior to settlement have left traces of their life ways in the earth, trees and . . . — — Map (db m153243) HM
113 ► Connecticut, Capitol Region, Wethersfield, Old Wethersfield — Cove Park — A Port, A Prison, A Playground — Wethersfield Heritage Walk —
On Main Street at Hammer Road, on the left when traveling north on Main Street.
Welcome to Wethersfield! We invite you to explore Wethersfield’s story as you travel through the centuries. The Wethersfield Heritage Walk is a three mile long, self-guided tour consisting of a series of twenty-two interpretive markers that . . . — — Map (db m302062) HM
114 ► Connecticut, Greater Bridgeport Region, Bridgeport, North Bridgeport — Chacoan Peccaries — Catagonus wagneri —
Near Noble Avenue north of Crown Street, on the left when traveling north.
Size: 1.5-2.5 feet at shoulder Weight: 66-88 pounds Lifespan: Up to 9 years Habitat: Dry thorn forests, plains and marshes of South America Diet: Cacti, tubers, fruits, flowers
First . . . — — Map (db m230877) HM
115 ► Connecticut, South Central Region, New Haven, Downtown — Othniel Charles Marsh —
Near Grove Street near High Street, on the right when traveling north.
Othniel Charles Marsh Born at Lockport, N.Y. October 29, 1831. Died at New Haven, March 18, 1899 Professor of Paleontology in Yale University 1866 – 1899 President of the National Academy of Sciences 1883 – 1895 Eminent as . . . — — Map (db m50917) HM
116 ► Delaware, New Castle County, Newark, Iron Hill Park — Historic Roads of Newark, Delaware / Petrified Log from Central Delaware —
Near South Old Baltimore Pike.
Historic Roads of Newark, Delaware 1. Old Baltimore Pike The Old Baltimore Pike was built before 1720 and connected Elkton, Maryland to Christiana. It followed the path of an east-west Indian trail over the south side of Iron Hill. . . . — — Map (db m214020) HM
117 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Adams Morgan — Zofia Kielan-Jaworowska — 1925 - 2015 — Academy of Superheroes
On 16th Street Northwest just south of Fuller Street Northwest, on the right when traveling south. Reported permanently removed.
. . . — — Map (db m210081) HM
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118 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Foggy Bottom — GW's River Horse — [Lisner Auditorium] —
On 21st Street Northwest at H Street Northwest, on the right when traveling south on 21st Street Northwest.
Legend has it that the Potomac was once home to these wondrous beasts. George and Martha Washington are even said to have watched them cavort in the river shallows from the porch of their beloved Mount Vernon on summer evenings. . . . — — Map (db m46980) HM
119 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, Foggy Bottom — GW's River Horse —
On H Street Northwest at 21st Street Northwest, on the right when traveling west on H Street Northwest.
Legend has it that the Potomac was once home to these wondrous beasts. George & Martha Washington are even said to have watched them cavort in the river shallows from the porch of their beloved Mount Vernon on summer evenings. Credited with . . . — — Map (db m179003) HM
120 ► District of Columbia, Washington, Northwest Washington, The National Mall — Triceratops horridus — Bronze cast of prototype, USNM 517431 —
On Madison Drive Northwest west of 7th Street Northwest, on the right when traveling west.
Triceratops roamed northwestern North America 70-65 million years ago, when the climate was much warmer and wetter. It dined on plants that included relatives of those you see here. This cast was created from the skull of our . . . — — Map (db m113990) HM
121 ► Florida, Alachua County, Gainesville — Florida Museum —
Near Hull Road 0.2 miles east of Southwest 34th Street (State Road 121), on the left when traveling west.
The Florida Museum traces its roots to the 1890s at Florida Agricultural College in Lake City. In 1906, the collections moved to the UF campus in Gainesville. On May 30, 1917, the Florida State Museum became the state's official natural history . . . — — Map (db m134906) HM
122 ► Florida, Brevard County, Titusville — F-486 — Windover Archaeological Site —
On Windover Way at Windover Trail on Windover Way.
Discovered by accident in 1982, the Windover site is a burial place of Early Native Americans who inhabited this region 7,000 to 8,000 years ago. The burials were placed underwater in the peat of the shallow pond. This peat helped to preserve . . . — — Map (db m60342) HM
123 ► Florida, Hernando County, Bayport — F-788 — The Bayport Area Before Human Occupation/Bayport's First People —
Near Cortez Boulevard (County Road 550) 6.5 miles west of Commercial Way (U.S. 19).
(side 1) The Bayport Area Before Human Occupation The fossilized remains of many prehistoric animals and plants are buried in the Bayport area. During the Eocene Period, 45 million years ago (MYA), the Gulf covered this region. . . . — — Map (db m93296) HM
124 ► Florida, Hillsborough County, Ruskin — Miracle at Cockroach Bay The Leisey Shell Fossils —
On Mammoth Trail 0.2 miles south of Gulf City Road, on the right when traveling south.
In the ponds in front of you one of the richest Ice-Age fossil discoveries in the world took place in 1983-84. When amateur paleontologists reported a large accumulation of fossils to the Florida Museum of Natural History, the Leisey Shell Pit and . . . — — Map (db m120625) HM
125 ► Florida, Orange County, Lake Buena Vista — Cretaceous Trail —
Near Osceola Parkway west of West Buena Vista Drive, on the right when traveling west.
The plants and animals you see along the Trail have remained virtually unchanged since the late Cretaceous. The dinosaurs themselves were not as fortunate, disappearing from the earth 65 million years ago. — — Map (db m243014) HM
126 ► Florida, Orange County, Lake Buena Vista — Oldengate Bridge —
Near Dinoland U.S.A..
This fossil Gateway is composed of the giant bones of a Brachiosaurus, one of the largest creatures that ever walked the earth. It stands fifty-two feet tall and more than eighty feet long. A peaceful plant-eater, the Brachiosaurus' enormous . . . — — Map (db m198209) HM
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127 ► Florida, Orange County, Lake Buena Vista — Prehistoric Plants —
Near Epcot Center Drive east of World Drive, on the right when traveling east.
Millions of years ago, dinosaurs roamed vast coniferous forests filled with ancient trees, colossal cycads, ferns, and mosses. Over millennia of geological transformation, these prehistoric plants became the coal and oil we use as fuel . . . — — Map (db m242850) HM
128 ► Florida, Orange County, Lake Buena Vista — Tyrannosaurus Rex — “Sue” —
Near Restaurantosaurus Road.
This fossil cast is an exact replica of “Sue”, the most complete Tyrannosaurus Rex skeleton ever found. Named for her discoverer, Sue was found in South Dakota on August 12, 1990. Sue is 90% complete, a fossil find of enormous importance to the . . . — — Map (db m76896) HM
129 ► Florida, Sarasota County, North Port — Little Salt Spring —
On West Price Boulevard at Hyder Terrace, on the right when traveling east on West Price Boulevard.
The waters of this unusual archeological and paleontological site have yielded preserved human skeletal remains and artifacts dating from 10,000 to 3000 B.C. Animal fossils have also been recovered. Including species of extinct tortoise, sloth, . . . — — Map (db m128665) HM
130 ► Florida, Sarasota County, North Port — Prehistoric Man Lived Here/Spring Was Once a Cave —
On San Servando Avenue at Ortiz Boulevard, on the left when traveling east on San Servando Avenue.
Prehistoric Man Lived Here More than 10,000 years ago prehistoric man, sabre-tooth cats, giant sloths, mammoths and mastodons lived in this area of Florida which eons later became a part of Sarasota County. Warm Mineral Springs, here, and . . . — — Map (db m128664) HM
131 ► Florida, Sarasota County, Venice — 1926 Article From "Venice News" —
On Venice Avenue.
"It's a mammoth," voiced Dr. J. W. Gidley, Paleontologist of the Smithsonian Institute, 15 minutes after he first saw the fossil tusks and jaw bone of the prehistoric monster found in Venice. The size of the tusks indicates that it probably stood 14 . . . — — Map (db m32747) HM
132 ► Florida, St. Johns County, Switzerland — William Bartram Scenic Highway —
On State Road 13, on the left when traveling north.
Within a mile and a half of this marker are numerous prehistoric sites, several of which date from 2000 BC. Native Americans occupied the northern river section from about 4000 BC until the arrival of Europeans after 1500 AD. Riverbank . . . — — Map (db m236728) HM
133 ► Florida, Volusia County, Port Orange — Bongoland —
Near Old Sugar Mill Road, on the left when traveling east.
Several attempts were made to operate Dunlawton Plantation as a tourist attraction in the the 1950's Dr. Perry Sperber leased the premises from J. Saxon Lloyd for a park to display prehistoric monsters and had a number of replicas, molded in . . . — — Map (db m34878) HM
134 ► Florida, Volusia County, South Daytona — Giant Ground Sloth —
Near South Nova Road south of Reed Canal Road, on the right when traveling north.
On this site in 1975 was found the best preserved and most complete giant ground sloth ever found in North America. The sloth weighed three to five tons, stood thirteen feet tall and was a vegetarian. An estimated fifty species of animals were . . . — — Map (db m45449) HM
135 ► Georgia, DeKalb County, Atlanta, Druid Hills — Lophorhothon atopus — “Crested Nose” —
Near Clifton Road, on the right when traveling east.
Lophorhothon atopus (Loh-FOUR-ah-thon ay-TOH-pus) “Crested Nose” Cretaceous Period (65- 144 million years ago) Southeastern United States This scene shows a family of Lophorhothon dinosaurs, as they may have . . . — — Map (db m113593) HM
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136 ► Hawaii, Hawaii County, Waimea — Clues from the Past... The Archaeology of Lapakahi —
Near Akoni Pule Highway (Hawaii Route 270), on the left when traveling north.
Archaeologists seek to understand people and places of the past by studying the sites and cultural remains left behind. Students from the University of Hawai'i conducted extensive excavations here between 1968 and 1970 to learn about the people of . . . — — Map (db m110325) HM
137 ► Idaho, Bannock County, Downey — 171 — Red Rock Pass —
On U.S. 91 at milepost 30.2 near South Old Oxford Highway, on the right when traveling north.
You are standing in the outlet of ancient Lake Bonneville, a vast prehistoric inland sea, of which Salt Lake is modern remnant Covering over 20,000 square miles when it overflowed here about 14,500 years ago, its winding shoreline would have . . . — — Map (db m105831) HM
138 ► Idaho, Caribou County, Soda Springs — China Hat Geological Site —
On State Highway 34 near Blackfoot River Road, on the right when traveling west.
Noticeable for their distinct shapes, China Hat and nearby China Cap are rhyolite domes that intruded and pierced the basalt of the Blackfoot Lava Field. The basaltic phase of this volcanic province was active in middle Pleistocene around 500,000 . . . — — Map (db m105966) HM
139 ► Idaho, Franklin County, Preston — 432 — Old Delta Sediments —
On U.S. 36 at milepost 12.9 at North Sage Ridge Road, on the right when traveling north on U.S. 36.
Diverted into this valley by lava flows, the Bear River deposited a huge, mostly red clay delta here where it entered a vast inland sea that covered much of Utah. About 14,500 years ago , its shoreline suddenly went down about 80 feet . . . — — Map (db m105834) HM
140 ► Idaho, Gooding County, Hagerman — A Changing Climate —
Near Bell Rapids Road near Upper Salmon Falls Road, on the right when traveling west.
Idaho was a very different place during the Pliocene Epoch (three to four million years ago). Like much of the planet, this area was warmer and more humid, with annual rain fall of 20 inches. Studies of ancient pollen found in the sand and clay . . . — — Map (db m139552) HM
141 ► Idaho, Gooding County, Hagerman — Right Beneath Your Feet —
Near Bell Rapids Road near Upper Salmon Falls Road, on the left when traveling west.
A trained eye, persistence - and a good deal of luck - often lead paleontologist to new fossil discoveries. New fossil localities are discovered every year. Currently Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument monitors over 600 fossil bearing . . . — — Map (db m139609) HM
142 ► Idaho, Gooding County, Hagerman — Sediments and Fossils —
Near Bell Rapids Road near Upper Salmon Falls Road, on the right when traveling west.
The rock layers in the bluff across the river are made of sediments - particles of sand, silt, and clay. These layers, called strata, were carried here by the ancient Snake River and were deposited as the river entered an ancient lake. This process . . . — — Map (db m139554) HM
143 ► Idaho, Gooding County, Hagerman — Where are the Fossils? —
On Bell Rapids Road near Upper Salmon Falls Road, on the right when traveling west.
Step back in time, three to four million years, and imagine a place were zebra-like horses, ground sloths, mastodons, and other amazing creatures roamed. Hagerman Fossil Beds National Monument is filled with fossil evidence of their existence in . . . — — Map (db m139551) HM
144 ► Idaho, Idaho County, Grangeville — A Mammoth Discovery —
On Pine Street near U.S. 95, on the right when traveling south.
Can you imagine mammoths walking the streets of Grangeville? Before Sept. 2, 1994, no one else could either. But on that date, a heavy equipment operator for Prairie Land and Timber, found a "big bone" when he was digging in Tolo Lake. That . . . — — Map (db m141309) HM
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145 ► Idaho, Idaho County, Grangeville — Gathering at Tipahxlee’whum (Tepahlewam) —
Near Lake Road near Tolo Lake Road, on the left when traveling south.
(Three panels outline the history of Tolo Lake) The Nez Perce name for this lake is Tipahxlee’whum (Tepahlewam or Split Rocks). In early June 1877, five bands of Nimiipuu gathered here for their last taste of freedom before . . . — — Map (db m121267) HM
146 ► Idaho, Idaho County, Grangeville — The Camas Prairie Mammoth —
On Pine Street near U.S. 95, on the right when traveling south.
Look Up! You're looking up at a full-size replica of the skeleton of a male Columbian mammoth. Mammoths are related to modern Asian elephants. Males stood up to 14 feet tall at the shoulders and may have weighed 10 tons. Females were . . . — — Map (db m141310) HM
147 ► Idaho, Jerome County, Hunt — 276 — Prehistoric Hunters —
On State Highway 25 at Hunt Road on State Highway 25.
Bone fragments of extinct species of ground sloth, horse, camel, and elephant found in a nearby cave mingle with weapons and radiocarbon dates from Idaho’s earliest hunters. Archaeologists have confirmed that people camped here at least . . . — — Map (db m62963) HM
148 ► Illinois, Cook County, Oak Park — Beginning of the Wisconsin Ice Age —
On South Marion Street 0.1 miles south of Pleasant Street, on the right when traveling north.
110,000 Years Ago The Wisconsin Ice Age begins — — Map (db m269092) HM
149 ► Illinois, DuPage County, Glen Ellyn — Glen Ellyn's "Perry" Mastodon —
On Lake Road at Oak Street, on the left when traveling north on Lake Road.
On October 16, 1963, an excavation for a pond approximately 100 yards east of here, contracted by U.S. District Court Judge Sam Perry, uncovered a fossilized thigh bone. It was identified by the Field Museum of Chicago to be the bone of a . . . — — Map (db m249606) HM
150 ► Illinois, Will County, Joliet — Lester Frank Ward / Fossils — Stories in Stone — I&M Canal Passage —
On North Bluff Street north of West Jefferson Street (U.S. 30), on the right when traveling south.
Lester Frank Ward The American Aristotle The last of ten children, Lester Frank Ward (1841-1913) was born in Joliet, at Joliet and Benton streets. His father owned a quarry at what is now the site of the Illinois State Penitentiary, . . . — — Map (db m157403) HM
151 ► Indiana, Clark County, Clarksville — Fossils at the Falls —
On Ohio River Scenic Byway 0.4 miles west of Main Street, on the left when traveling west.
By the Way: Lewis and Clark began their famous expedition from this area on October 26, 1803.
Almost 400 million years ago, during the Devonian age, future states Indiana and Kentucky were asleep beneath a warm tropical sea, located about . . . — — Map (db m206956) HM
152 ► Indiana, Franklin County, Brookville — 24.1995.2 — Brookville's Carnegie Library —
On Main Street (U.S. 52) north of East 9th Street, on the right when traveling north.
Dedicated in 1912, starting with approximately 600 books; collections and services have expanded to meet needs of local patrons. One of 1, 679 libraries built in U.S. with funds from philanthropist Andrew Carnegie. Indiana built more Carnegie . . . — — Map (db m44694) HM
153 ► Indiana, Gibson County, Princeton — Prehistoric Landscape — 420 Million Years Ago — 10,000 Years Ago —
On West Broadway Street (Indiana Route 65) at North West Street, on the left when traveling east on West Broadway Street.
The Princeton you see today is not as it always was. Over billions of years, natural processes have drastically affected the climate, flora & fauna, & even the geographic location of what is now Princeton. Between 420 & 359 million years ago, during . . . — — Map (db m190585) HM
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154 ► Indiana, Lake County, Munster — A Blooming Town — Munster is continuing to grow with many new businesses emerging and projects underway. —
Near Ridge Road east of Columbia Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
37 fiberglass tulip structures, which were organized and made possible by the Munster Civic Foundation, are located around town. Indiana University Northwest student, Tyler Kaufman, designed the tulip structures. The tulips represented the first . . . — — Map (db m301768) HM
155 ► Indiana, Marion County, Indianapolis, Downtown — Newton County — Organized in 1835 — Named for John Newton —
Near North Blackford Street north of Indianapolis Cultural Trail, on the right when traveling north.
Nearly vertical strata found in the stone at the Kentland Crater evoke theories about either a meteorite impact or a major earthquake 65 million years ago. George Ade, popular newspaper columnist and playwright from the 1890s through the 1940s, was . . . — — Map (db m238766) HM
156 ► Iowa, Johnson County, Coralville — Site Geology —
On Unnnamed Road near Prairie du Chien Road, on the right when traveling south.
Iowa is underlain by bedrock layers composed of sedimentary rocks; layers of Devonian limestone bedrock of the Cedar Valley Group are well displayed in the Gorge. Sedimentary rocks were formed from accumulated layers of mud, sand or organic . . . — — Map (db m185715) HM
157 ► Kansas, Bourbon County, Fort Scott — Jurassic Mary — Mary Anning (1799-1847) — Lowell Milken Center for Unsung Heroes —
Near South Main Street south of East Wall Street.
The world has multiple phenomenal heroes of paleontology, but the one who stands out as a true Unsung Hero is Mary Anning. On the coast of Great Britain during the 1800s, Mary Anning spent her life searching for and researching fossils from . . . — — Map (db m313751) HM
158 ► Kansas, Logan County, Oakley — The Monument Rocks — One of the Eight Wonders of Kansas —
On U.S. 83 at 2nd Street, on the left when traveling north on U.S. 83.
Over 100 million years ago, during the cretaceous era, Kansas was covered by a vast ocean. Dramatic natural features, such as the Monument Rocks, are remains of that ancient seabed. Since the 1870s, fossil hunters have searched the chalk beds . . . — — Map (db m66099) HM
159 ► Kansas, Marshall County, Blue Rapids — Gigantic Glaciers — The Monument to the Ice Age — Blue Rapids, Kansas —
On Main Street at 6th Street, on the left when traveling south on Main Street.
Huge continental glaciers, hundreds of feet thick, came from the north to northeastern Kansas in at least two different episodes carrying rocks, gravel, sand, and a special clay called loess to the Blue Rapids area. Our fertile soils and . . . — — Map (db m78960) HM
160 ► Kansas, Marshall County, Blue Rapids — Ice Age — The Monument to the Ice Age — Blue Rapids, Kansas —
On Main Street at 6th Street, on the left when traveling south on Main Street.
The age of ice made great changes in the Earth's climate. From 1.6 million to 10,000 years ago the climate chilled, glaciers formed and advanced and retreated at least twice. Advancing glaciers squeezed zones where plants, people and other . . . — — Map (db m78957) HM
161 ► Kansas, Riley County, Manhattan — Geology at Konza —
On Pillsbury Drive (State Highway 177) 5 miles north of Interstate 70, on the left when traveling north.
The image on this plaque depicts your view of the Konza Prairie and the Kansas River Valley. Looking from west to southwest, the view is typical of the Flint Hills in their natural state. Due west is the floodplain of the Kansas River and to the . . . — — Map (db m80813) HM
162 ► Kentucky, Boone County, Florence — 1253 — Boone County, 1798 —
On Interstate 71 (U.S. I-71S).
Formed by legislative act from a part of Campbell County. Names for Daniel Boone, renowned Kentucky pioneer-explorer. Big Boone Lick, graveyard of the mammoth, was discovered in 1729 by Capt. M. de Longueil. In 1756, Mary Inglis was brought . . . — — Map (db m61867) HM
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163 ► Kentucky, Boone County, Union — 32 — Big Bone Lick —
Near Beaver Road (Kentucky Route 338) west of U.S. 127.
Discovered in 1739, by the French Capt. Charles Lemoyne de Longueil this famous saline- sulphur spring was frequented for thousands of years byIndians and vast herds of buffalo, deer and other animals. The first English explorers found . . . — — Map (db m79060) HM
164 ► Kentucky, Boone County, Union — 32 — Big Bone Lick — Three miles —
On Ryle Road at Boat Dock Road ( Route 1925), on the right when traveling south on Ryle Road.
Discovered in 1739 by French Capt. Charles Lemoyne de Longueil. Early explorers found countless bones and teeth of extinct Pleistocene elephants, the mammoth and the mastodon. This saline-sulphur spring was popular for salt making until 1812: also a . . . — — Map (db m175117) HM
165 ► Kentucky, Boone County, Union — 2124 — Lewis and Clark in Kentucky — Big Bone Lick —
On Beaver Road west of Route 127, on the right when traveling west.
Lewis and Clark in Kentucky Big Bone Lick In Oct. 1803, while traveling down Ohio River to meet Wm. Clark for expedition to Pacific, Meriwether Lewis visited Big Bone Lick. He was to gather fossilized bones for Pres. Thomas Jefferson. In . . . — — Map (db m79062) HM
166 ► Kentucky, Boyle County, Perryville — Gravicalymene Hagani —
On South Buell Street (U.S. 68) at East 2nd Street (U.S. 68/150), on the right when traveling north on South Buell Street.
A very rare trilobite species found in a quarry here in Perryville. This is the only known record of occurrence of this species we have in the world today. The quarry has also revealed many other types of fossils as well, but the Hagani is the . . . — — Map (db m283608) HM
167 ► Kentucky, Livingston County, Joy — Protect / Transform / Inspire — The Nature Conservancy —
Near Lola Road (Kentucky Route 133) 0.2 miles south of Mantle Rock Road, on the right when traveling south.
Protect The story of Mantle Rock Nature Preserve begins with its rare and fragile sandstone glades, which inspired The Nature Conservancy to protect the area. Glades are characterized by low-fertility soils in which only certain species . . . — — Map (db m174695) HM
168 ► Kentucky, McCreary County, Stearns — Sandstone Tree Stump —
On Henderson Street at Golf Course Road, on the left when traveling east on Henderson Street.
In 1989 a surface-mining company in Tennessee unearthed this stump buried 30 feet underground. The two-ton stump measures 15 feet in circumference and almost 6 feet in diameter. Geologists from the University of Kentucky indicate this is not a . . . — — Map (db m233172) HM
169 ► Louisiana, West Carroll Parish, Pioneer — Before Poverty Point — Poverty Point World Heritage Site —
Near Louisiana Route 577 1.2 miles north of Route 134.
Clovis and other spear point types typical of the Paleoindian period are found at Poverty Point and at other sites on Macon Ridge. They are scattered, as if the people were highly mobile, only stopping briefly as they moved across the landscape. . . . — — Map (db m110001) HM
170 ► Maryland, Allegany County, La Vale — Cumberland Bone Cave —
Near Cash Valley Road south of Stoney Creek Drive, on the right when traveling south.
In 1912 a Western Maryland Railway cut near Cumberland exposed a small cave. The cave, which became known as the Cumberland Bone Cave was found to contain a remarkable variety of bones from species now extinct. Paleontologists were called in from . . . — — Map (db m203720) HM
171 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Bladensburg — Dinosaur Alley —
On Annapolis Road (State Highway 450) at 46th Street on Annapolis Road.
Bladensburg lies in the geologic region known as "Dinosaur Alley." It is the area on the East Coast of the United States were the greatest number of dinosaur bones have been found. Dinosaur Alley runs along the Route 1 corridor between Baltimore . . . — — Map (db m33227) HM
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172 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Croom — Uncovering Human Settlement Along the Patuxent River — Tides of History —
Near The Jug Bay Wetlands Visiters' Center.
Jug Bay, with tidal freshwater wetlands, upland forests, and open water teeming with fish and fowl, has drawn foragers, hunters, and colonial settlers over the past 13,000 years. Archaeologists have found nearly eighty unique archaeological sites . . . — — Map (db m286196) HM
173 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Dinosaur Alley
Near Mid Atlantic Blvd.. Reported permanently removed.
Dinosaurs lived during most of the Mesozoic Era (235 to 65 million years ago), on every continent on Earth. In Maryland, each of three Mesozoic time periods in which dinosaurs live is represented in its geology -- Triassic, Jurassic, and . . . — — Map (db m67139) HM
174 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Dinosaurs in Maryland!
Near Mid Atlantic Boulevard 0.4 miles south of Contee Road when traveling west. Reported permanently removed.
In 1842, English scientist Sir Richard Owen coined the term "dinosaur" to describe a group of ancient reptiles that inhabited the Earth from 230 to 65 million years ago. The discovery of the first dinosaur bones and the knowledge they reveal . . . — — Map (db m67193) HM
175 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Meet Astrodon johnstoni — The Maryland State Dinosaur —
On Mid Atlantic Boulevard 0.4 miles south of Contee Road when traveling west.
Astrodon was a member of the group of long necked, plant-eating dinosaurs called sauropods. When fully grown, it may have exceeded 60 feet in length and weighed 20 tons. Astrodon was discovered in 1858, right here in Prince . . . — — Map (db m188071) HM
176 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — The Dinosaurs of Dinosaur Park —
On Mid Atlantic Boulevard 0.4 miles south of Contee Road when traveling west.
Dinosaurs ruled the Earth during the Mesozoic Era, 252 to 66 million years ago. As a group, dinosaurs are some of the most successful dinosaurs the earth has ever known, thriving on every continent and in every conceivable habitat. Although most . . . — — Map (db m188076) HM
177 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Welcome to Dinosaur Park
Near Mid Atlantic Boulevard. Reported permanently removed.
A Walk Through Time As you enter Dinosaur Park you take a walk through time from the present day into Dinosaur times! Modern plants and trees give way to ginkgoes and ferns reminiscent of the early plants and tree that are fossilized here in . . . — — Map (db m67243) HM
178 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Welcome to Dinosaur Park —
On Mid Atlantic Boulevard 0.4 miles south of Contee Road when traveling west.
Welcome to the most productive dinosaur fossil quarry east of the Mississippi River. From the bones and teeth of the Maryland State Dinosaur Astrodon ohnstoni to the remains of early flowering plants, the fossils found at Dinosaur Park hep . . . — — Map (db m188070) HM
179 ► Maryland, Prince George's County, Laurel — Welcome to Dinosaur Park —
On Mid Atlantic Boulevard 0.4 miles south of Contee Road when traveling west.
This Astrodon femur (thigh bone) was discovered right here at Dinosaur Park. It is the largest dinosaur bone ever found in the eastern United States. The Astrodon femur is just one of thousands of animal and plant fossils . . . — — Map (db m188079) HM
180 ► Massachusetts, Middlesex County, Cambridge, East Cambridge — Dinosaurs in New England — Rocky Hill, Connecticut — 200 million years old —
On Museum of Science Driveway just east of Charles River Dam Road (Massachusetts Route 28), on the right when traveling east.
The Connecticut River valley has a large number of dinosaur tracks preserved in sedimentary rocks. These footprints were cast from tracks at Dinosaur State Park in Rocky Hill, Connecticut. The site was discovered in 1966 and has more than 2,000 . . . — — Map (db m186293) HM
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181 ► Massachusetts, Middlesex County, Cambridge, East Cambridge — Tyrannosaurus rex —
On Charles River Dam Road east of Edwin H. Land Boulevard, on the right when traveling east.
This full-size Tyrannosaurus rex model was made in the 1960's. At that time only five T. rex skeletons had ever been found. All were incomplete, leaving many questions about this prehistoric animal unanswered. Tyrannosaurus rex Since then, . . . — — Map (db m176244) HM
182 ► Massachusetts, Middlesex County, Somerville, Union Square — A Moment In Time —
On Somerville Avenue at Bow Street, on the left when traveling east on Somerville Avenue.
Near this spot on April 17th, 1832, Jonathan W. Niles unearthed the first complete Anchisaurus skeleton. Niles, an employee of the Milk Row Bleachery, found the discovery while working to fill the Miller's River marsh (which now is the stretch of . . . — — Map (db m243066) HM
183 ► Massachusetts, Suffolk County, Boston, Government Center — Spinosaurus — SPY-nuh-SAWR-us "Spined-lizard" — spinosus = spine | saurus = lizard —
On South Market Street west of John F. Fitzgerald Surface Road, on the right when traveling west.
Spinosaurus was the world's largest carnivorous dinosaur, even larger than the mighty Tyrannosaurus rex! It is named for the giant fin on its back. The fin was probably a display feature, rather than a heating and cooling device as . . . — — Map (db m215592) HM
184 ► Minnesota, Dakota County, Lilydale — Changing Landscapes Through Time —
Near Sibley Memorial Highway.
Ancient oceans, glaciers, and the powerful action of rivers carved the landscape of this region. Millions of years ago, Minnesota was covered by a shallow sea teeming with corals, sponges and shellfish. At the close of the Pleistocene, a time of . . . — — Map (db m228575) HM
185 ► Minnesota, Dakota County, Mendota Heights — Sea Becomes Stone —
On Sibley Memorial Highway west of Minnesota Route 13, on the left when traveling north.
You can see deep time in the overlook walls. Platteville limestone formed about 455 million years ago when a sea covered what we now call "Minnesota." As sea creatures died, their shells fell to the ocean floor. Building up over time, they . . . — — Map (db m229273) HM
186 ► Mississippi, Forrest County, Hattiesburg, University of Southern Mississippi — Petrified Log State Rock of Mississippi —
On East Memorial Drive 0.5 miles north of Hardy Street (Mississippi Highway 198).
Made up of siliceous minerals, the 11-million-year-old southern miss petrified log was found intact rather than in fragments. According to Dr. Bobby Irby, then chairperson of the USM Science Education Department and coordinator of the . . . — — Map (db m226168) HM
187 ► Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson — Appalachiosaurus —
Near Riverside Park Circle 0.3 miles east of Museum Boulevard.
Length: 23 feet Height: 8 Feet Weight: 1,300 lbs. Diet: Carnivore (other dinosaurs, prehistoric mammals, and other animals) Period:Late Cretaceous Period Fascinating Fact: Thought to be an ambush predator, . . . — — Map (db m211071) HM
188 ► Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson — Chasmosaurus —
Near Riverside Park Circle 0.3 miles east of Museum Boulevard.
Length: 16-20 feet Height: 8 Feet Weight: 3.5 tons Diet: Herbivore Period:Late Cretaceous 75-70 million years ago Fascinating Fact: The Chasmosaurus could protect itself much like a rhinoceros--running at full speed . . . — — Map (db m211065) HM
189 ► Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson — Eotrachodon —
On Riverside Park Circle 0.3 miles east of Museum Boulevard.
Length: 25 feet Height: 12 Feet Weight: 4 tons Diet: Herbivore Period:Cretaceous Fascinating Fact: The Eotrachodon was a type of "duck-billed" dinosaur. While it could run on its two hind legs to flee predators, it . . . — — Map (db m211061) HM
190 ► Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson — Nodosaurus —
Near Riverside Park Circle 0.3 miles Museum Boulevard.
Length: 18 feet Height: 10 Feet Weight: 3-3.5 tons Diet: Herbivore Period:Early Cretaceous - 95-90 million years ago Fascinating Fact: Its dense armor plating an angular horns helped protect it from carnivorous dinosaurs . . . — — Map (db m211068) HM
191 ► Mississippi, Hinds County, Jackson — Triceratops horridus —
Near Riverside Park Circle 0.3 miles east of Museum Boulevard.
Length: 30 feet Height: 10 Feet Weight: 6-8 tons Diet: Herbivore Period:Late Cretaceous - 90-66 million years ago Fascinating Fact: Triceratops means "three-horned-face" in Greek. The triceratops' head is one . . . — — Map (db m211066) HM
192 ► Missouri, Bollinger County, Marble Hill — Marble Hill —
On High Street at Gilmore Street, on the right when traveling north on High Street.
[side 1] Here on a scenic hill at the junction of crystal clear Crooked and Hurricane Creeks, Thomas Hamilton laid out Marble Hill after Bollinger County was organized, March, 1851. First called New California, the town was . . . — — Map (db m179953) HM
193 ► Missouri, Jefferson County, Imperial — Excavating the Bones — A Journey Back Through Time —
Near Charles J Becker Drive just west of West Outer Road.
Dr. Albert C. Koch (1839) Originally known as "Sulphur Springs," Kimmswick was first investigated by Dr. Albert C. Koch in May 1839. The painting, "Panorama of the Monumental Grandeur of the Mississippi Valley," painted in 1850 . . . — — Map (db m232840) HM
194 ► Missouri, Jefferson County, Imperial — Kimmswick Bone Bed — A Journey Back Through Time —
Near Charles J Becker Drive west of West Outer Road, on the right.
The Kimmswick Bone Bed The late ice-age bone deposits of Kimmswick Bone Bed are contained within what is today Mastodon State Park. The bone bed itself is less than five acres in surface area. The deposits contain evidence of animals from . . . — — Map (db m232835) HM
195 ► Missouri, St. Louis County, Spanish Lake — Coldwater Creek —
Near Bellefontaine Road.
The Mill In early America mills powered by water or wind were the most advanced form of power and appeared in every frontier settlement. Mills were used to grind grain, saw wood, tan hides, weave fabric and make paper. The waterwheel was . . . — — Map (db m234263) HM
196 ► Montana, Beaverhead County, Lima — The Tendoy Mountains —
Near Bailey Street at Old US Highway 91 (Harrison Street).
About four million years ago, this part of the North American Plate slid over a gigantic source of heat in the mantle known as the Yellowstone hot spot. In Yellowstone National Park, this heat is responsible for the geysers, mud pots, and hot . . . — — Map (db m124335) HM
197 ► Montana, Carbon County, Bridger — The Pryor Mountains and Raptor Country —
Near U.S. 310 near Sand Creek Road, on the left when traveling south.
The Pryor Mountains are located on the horizon to the southeast. The prominent cliffs and dip slopes are Madison Limestone, which was deposited in shallow seas over 300 million years ago. Along the margins of the mountains, younger tan-colored . . . — — Map (db m166979) HM
198 ► Montana, Carter County, Ekalaka — Inyan Oka-lo-ka / Medicine Rocks State Park —
On Montana Route 7, on the right when traveling south.
Traveling through southeastern Montana in 1883, naturalist, writer, and future United States President Theodore Roosevelt was struck by what he called the Medicine Buttes. He wrote, "Altogether it was as fantastically beautiful a place as I have . . . — — Map (db m216004) HM
199 ► Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls — "Nibbles" — A Life-size Montanoceratops —
On Central Avenue near 4th Street North, on the right when traveling west.
"Nibbles," a Montanoceratops cerorynchus, was a small plant eating dinosaur from the late cretaceous period. The species is about 68 million years old and was discovered in 1942 in the St. Mary River Formation in North . . . — — Map (db m143859) HM
200 ► Montana, Fergus County, Roy — A Fine Day for a Sail — Lewis and Clark on the Missouri —
Near U.S. 191 at Missouri River.
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was sailing when it passed by here! We set out at a early hour this morning and proceed on principally by the chord untill about 9 A.M. when a fine breeze sprung up for the S.E. and enabled us though . . . — — Map (db m161037) HM

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Oct. 17, 2026