About 200 million years before Eskimos, whalers, white hunters, trappers or explorers set foot on the barren, pond-pocked tundra of the North Slope, 250 miles north of the Arctic Circle, dynamic geologic forces were at work forming the richest . . . — — Map (db m257376) HM
ARCO discovered Prudhoe Bay, the nation's largest oil field, in 1968.
When work began on field development and construction of the trans Alaska pipeline, Fairbanks became the major construction and supply center for this immense and . . . — — Map (db m257409) HM
The Modern Sled Dog
The original sled dogs were chosen for their size, brute strength
and stamina, but modern sled dogs are generally mixed-breed
"Alaskan" huskies who have been bred for generations for their
endurance, strength, speed, . . . — — Map (db m257060) HM
They came from near and far away, from every social and economic level, representing nearly all racial and ethnic groups, men and women, young and old, skilled and inexperienced, old hands from many and far-flung construction campaigns, and . . . — — Map (db m257390) HM
With its challenging 1,000-miles of terrain and few checkpoints, the Yukon Quest International Sled Dog Race has been billed as the "world's toughest sled dog race." Conditions can include -60°F, rough jumble ice on the Yukon and fierce storms. . . . — — Map (db m257043) HM
Denali's high latitude (north of 63°) and high altitude (20,310 ft.) create intensely cold and windy conditions. Spring offered the optimal weather for approaching and climbing the mountain in 1913. Still, its remote location and frigid . . . — — Map (db m257234) HM
The Expedition Members
Episcopal Archdeacon Hudson Stuck and Harry Karstens co-led the expedition. Walter Harper and Robert Tatum completed the ascent team. Alaska Native youths John Fredson (Johnny Fred), who was Gwich'in, and Esaias . . . — — Map (db m257240) HM
You are standing in a parking lot built in 1930.
The access road to the powerhouse site
provided the first public road to the glacier.
People drove over a trestle to reach the lot.
By 1937 a Glacier Highway Recreation Guide touted the . . . — — Map (db m282870) HM
Plunging from the slopes of Thunder Mountain, Steep Creek rapidly makes its way to the Mendenhall Valley. The last 2,300 feet of this stream’s short journey to Mendenhall Lake has evolved into important habitat for sockeye and coho salmon. Steep . . . — — Map (db m311387) HM
Originally, all gold was deposited within a lode or vein in the rock. Over time, these lodes eroded, resulting in loose placer gold.
A Lasting Legacy
The mines provided employment, as well as electrical power and fire protection, for . . . — — Map (db m258042) HM
This sculpture was commissioned by Sealaska Corporation. It was designed by Ray Peck and
welded by Larry Sommers. The Raven on the left and the Eagle on the right, are the two major
moieties of the Tlingit tribe, which inhabits southeast . . . — — Map (db m258071) HM
Alaska's first legislature met in 1913 in the Elks Lodge, on Franklin Street, just uphill from the distinctive arched facade of what was the historic Gastineau Hotel. The first law passed by the Territorial Legislature gave women the right to . . . — — Map (db m257938) HM
Aquileans is a series of sculptures for the Juneau Waterfront whose origins are found in the archetypes of the Alaskan landscape. Its main images reside within two ecological characters whose spirits have long guided the people of this . . . — — Map (db m257975) HM
[Totem pole effigies, top to bottom]
• CLAN MEMBER WITH HAT
• EAGLE
• FROG
• BEAVER
• BEAR
The Haida of Southeast Alaska, known as the Kaigani Haida,
migrated from Haida Gwaii in Canada to Southeast Alaska
in the late . . . — — Map (db m257960) HM
[Totem pole effigies, top to bottom]
• STAR/LITTLE DIPPER HOUSE
• DOG SALMON
• LUCKY LADY
• CLAN MEMBER
• RAVEN WITH THE BOX OF DAYLIGHT
The L'eeneidí clan is of the Raven moiety. Their name derives from Teel' Héeni (Dog . . . — — Map (db m257981) HM
South Franklin Street was a recreation area catering to single men who worked in the mines. Its saloons, cafes and movie houses stayed open 24 hours a day to serve the men on all three shifts. Many of the saloons and dance halls had "feminine . . . — — Map (db m257957) HM
[Approach Guidelines are informational and not transcribed]
Unique and Valuable
Tidewater glacier areas are essential habitats for harbor seals in Alaska. Such habitats
are only available to seals in southcentral and . . . — — Map (db m257979) HM
[Totem pole effigies, left side top to bottom]
• TLINGIT, HAIDA, TSIMSHIAN
• EAGLE
• MAN HOLDING UP THE WORLD
[Totem pole effigies, right side top to bottom]
• RAVEN
• SUN & MOON IN RAVEN'S WINGS
• STRONG MAN
• . . . — — Map (db m258024) HM
[Totem pole effigies, top to bottom]
• DIVING WHALE
• RAVEN
• FROG
• BEAVER
• SALMON
The Raven and Eagle totem poles honor the Raven and Eagle
clans that once were present among our Tlingit, Haida, and
Tsimshian cultures. . . . — — Map (db m257997) HM
The spot on which you stand was underneath the Mendenhall Glacier in 1921. The photo above was taken approximately ¼ mile south of here, near the 1930 parking area. — — Map (db m283005) HM
The pavement may end but your journey through time begins.
Today the cues to the past on the trail ahead are obscured by vegetation. Close examination of this 1939 photograph reveals features along the trail head of you.
Note the . . . — — Map (db m283002) HM
President Harding stood here in 1923
July 10, 1923 was proclaimed a holiday by Juneau Mayor Izzy Goldstein. The reason? President Harding, "the first US President to visit the territory of Alaska while in office, arrived in Juneau aboard the . . . — — Map (db m282872) HM
Rock features reflect the area's increased
recreational popularity.
Thirsty visitors walking the sparsely vegetated
the 1930s viewed the silt laden glacial
water
in the drainage below.
A Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) . . . — — Map (db m282910) HM
500 yr. old cedar from Ketchikan, Alaska
carved after ancient Tsimshian culture
By David K. Fison (Nadáam 'Nłomsk)
of the Tsimshian Killer Whale Clan
Anchorage, Alaska April 28, 2001
—————————————————————
Completed in 2001
The . . . — — Map (db m258207) HM
For the past 15,000 years – as the area’s glaciers have melted – untold numbers of salmon have made their way up Ketchikan Creek each summer, driven by deep biological forces to spawn in the grounds from which they came. Salmon you see here in . . . — — Map (db m310684) HM
Tall Mountain, Taller Tails
Mt. McKinley has been under a cloud of controversy since the first summit attempts in the early 1900s. Many mountaineers saw this wild and uncharted territory with one thought in mind – being the first to . . . — — Map (db m311404) HM
Most record-setting vegetables are judged by
their weight. But what does a world-record
cabbage or carrot look like?
This sculpture features life-sized replicas of
the cabbage, beet, zucchini and carrot grown
in the Matanuska Valley in . . . — — Map (db m254729) HM
Agriculture was an essential enterprise for the successful settlement of Alaska.
The Klondike Gold Rush of 1897-98 brought thousands of fortune seekers north. Many of them settled on homesteads when their mining days were over. . . . — — Map (db m254664) HM
The Matanuska River valley in which you are standing is a structural trough formed by the collision of the North American and North Pacific
tectonic plates during the Jurassic and Cretaceous Periods (200-65 million years before present, MYBP), a . . . — — Map (db m254978) HM
The Matanuska Valley's ecosystem is an intricate
network of diverse, interconnected elements.
You too are a part of this!
Rich and Connected
Carved in part by the Matanuska Glacier and the braided
Matanuska River, this long valley . . . — — Map (db m255256) HM
THE PEOPLE
The Chickaloon Ahtna Athabascan people traveled within the Copper River and Cook Inlet areas. Many families had their own traditional hunting and fishing grounds. The people moved from camp to camp, depending upon what food . . . — — Map (db m255185) HM
For a small town (about 1,400 people) Sutton has a rich history. Two
Indigenous Athabascan Nations, the coastal Dena'ina and the interior Ahtna
Hwt'aene' (Peoples) including Nay'dini'aa Na' (Chickaloon Native Village),
used this part of the . . . — — Map (db m255008) HM
This area's coal deposits took millions of
years to form and only a few years to mine,
forever changing the surrounding valley.
Stored Energy
Essentially, we get coal from sunshine. Hundreds of millions of years
ago, swampy forests . . . — — Map (db m255112) HM
Ahtna Hwt'aene' and Dena'ina Peoples have used over 100 local wild plants
for everyday living tools, food, medicine, and ceremony. They believe that
plants should be treated with respect and they often speak to plants while
harvesting them. . . . — — Map (db m255182) HM
"For many pilots, their dream job is that of a bush pilot — the airborne cowboy who must land on gravel bars and slip through mountain passes."
— Kathy Dondzila
Since their earliest days, Alaska's bush pilots have earned a reputation for . . . — — Map (db m257643) HM
Cliff Hudson was one of Alaska's most well known early bush pilots. He flew his small planes for over four decades, opening up the wilderness around Denali to climbers, homesteaders and tourists.
Hudson came to Alaska in 1948. He was a pioneer . . . — — Map (db m257646) HM
"The [Luscombe] Silvaire can make a good pilot look very good, and let the pilot flying it have a ball."
- Rick Dunde, Aircraft Owners and Pilots Association
This is the plane used by bush pilot Cliff Hudson. It is a Luscombe Silvaire model . . . — — Map (db m257639) HM
Did You Know?
Biologist have studied Mt. McKinley wolf packs since the 1930s. Early researchers, such as Adolph Murie, helped to dispel common myths about wolves and argued for their protection. Among many detailed observations, Murie . . . — — Map (db m257649) HM
460 Miles south of the Arctic Circle on Meridian Elevation 1014ft. Road built 1898 to 1900. This is one of many scenic spots enroute to Atlin and Dawson — — Map (db m283060) HM
Hoping to prevent a famine, the Canadian government refused to permit anyone to enter Canada without a year's supply of food. This farsighted measure probably worked, but it burdened every stampeder with a load which weighed nearly a ton. . . . — — Map (db m257813) HM
"I fully expect before many years to see a pack trail through
this pass, followed by a wagon road, and I would not be at all surprised to see a railroad through to the lakes."
—Captain William Moore, quoted by Ben Moore
The Alaskan . . . — — Map (db m257827) HM
"I fully expect before many years to see a pack trail through
this pass, followed by a wagon road, and I would not be at all surprised to see a railroad through to the lakes."
—Captain William Moore, quoted by Ben Moore
The Alaskan . . . — — Map (db m257884) HM
Moving a pile of supplies was a problem. Stampeders who carried their own goods had the choice of carrying more weight or walking more miles. A light pack of 50 pounds meant more trips. A heavy pack of 80 pounds meant fewer trips, but a slower . . . — — Map (db m257816) HM
A Disturbed Landscape
After a glacier retreats, bare rock, gravel, and ground up earth are left behind. This provides a blank canvas for the succession of habitat changes to follow.
Building Soils
Pioneer species respond quickly to . . . — — Map (db m257901) HM
A story of a changing shoreline.
During the gold rush, people wanted to build close to the water. When they ran out of suitable land, they began to fill in the mudflats, wetlands, and estuaries You can see the difference between . . . — — Map (db m257903) HM
Less water makes for smaller trees.
Below are some of the plant species that you'll find in Skagway. These have been used for a long time by Native Alaskans for tools, food, and medicines. While these plants are found throughout . . . — — Map (db m257895) HM
From transportation to tourism, Skagway has long provided more than one avenue to wealth.
One early entrepreneur, George Brackett, hoped to become rich by building a toll road up the Skagway Valley in 1897. . . . — — Map (db m257833) HM
From transportation to tourism, Skagway has long provided more than one avenue to wealth.
One early entrepreneur, George Brackett, hoped to become rich by building a toll road up the Skagway Valley in 1897. . . . — — Map (db m257888) HM
You are standing near the mouth of Pullen Creek. Pullen Creek originates from three springs
located at the base of the mountains to the east, is 1.5 miles long, and is entirely within the City of Skagway. It runs along the eastern edge of the . . . — — Map (db m257906) HM
John Hajdukovich had a significant impact on the people and land of the Upper Tanana River Valley. A true sourdough and frontiersman, John lived and worked in this area for almost sixty years.
Golden Dreams
John Hajdukovich left . . . — — Map (db m255793) HM
Sullivan's was in a wooded dip among the low hills We were getting into the foothills of the Range now. The roadhouse was low and sprawling, so comfortable looking, larger than the others so far, with a wing extending out the back. Pa Sullivan . . . — — Map (db m255636) HM
1 - Canol
U.S. Army 1943-1947 3 inch
Crude Oil: Norman Wells to Whitehorse
Gasoline & Diesel: To Fairbanks
2 - Haines-Fairbanks
U.S. Army 1955-1971 8 inch
Petroleum Products: Haines to Fairbanks
626 miles . . . — — Map (db m255694) HM
The primary goal of habitat enhancement is to return an area to an earlier successional
stage, using methods such as tilling, mowing, rollerchopping, and prescribed fire.
① Maintaining bison habitat
Maintaining fields for . . . — — Map (db m255610) HM
has been designated a
National
Natural Landmark
This site possesses exceptional value
as an illustration of the nation's natural
heritage and contributes to a better
understanding of the environment
1972
National Park Service . . . — — Map (db m185282) HM
Eight hundred years ago, a savannah-like grassland covered much of this high desert with abundant grasses. The residents would have collected and burned much of the nearby fuel, necessitating long walks to adjacent areas to gather wood. Sparse . . . — — Map (db m60105) HM
Box Canyon and Lomaki ruins are a short 15-minute walk from here, along the edges of ancient earthcracks. The 1/4-mile trail will take you back in time over 800 years to the remnants of this once-thriving community. You will see the few native . . . — — Map (db m60114) HM
A Village
You are entering the “Citadel,” a ruin from the late 1100s. Research has not been completed so it is important that we leave things as they are. Will there be extra storage spaces found, possible evidence for the . . . — — Map (db m60089) HM
Plaza
An open area in the pueblo near the rim of the earthcrack is known as the plaza. In pueblos, the plaza was the center for many daily activities including grinding corn, making pottery, working obsidian into arrowheads, processing other . . . — — Map (db m60110) HM
The distant San Francisco Peaks would have looked much like they do today. To the east, however, Sunset Crater Volcano would still have been belching black smoke and cinders when the Sinagua and Anasazi lived here. The thick layer of cinders over . . . — — Map (db m60107) HM
This blowhole - a crevice in the earth's crust that appears to breathe - is one of several found in the Wupatki area. It connects to an underground passage - size, depth, and complexity unknown - called an earthcrack. Earthcracks resulted from . . . — — Map (db m41701) HM
The Citadel
It was a remarkable achievement, to use primitive mortar and local stones to build the walls above you straight up from the edge of the top of the rock. “The Citadel” is the modern name given to this ruin because . . . — — Map (db m60087) HM
The Horace M. Albright Training Center is a National Park Service facility for employee development. Established in 1963 and named for the National Park Service's second director, the training center serves as an educational program center for . . . — — Map (db m39602) HM
Each year thousands of hikers enter Grand Canyon on the Bright Angel Trail. They follow a tradition - and a trail route - established by prehistoric people. For centuries humans have used this route for two key reasons: water and access. Water . . . — — Map (db m39563) HM
The first Chief Topographic Engineer of the U.S. Geological Survey 1919-1929 and the first President of the American Society of Photogrammetry 1934. He headed a Geological Survey expedition through the Grand Canyon in 1923 to acquire information . . . — — Map (db m157000) HM
On a clear day you can easily see Mount Trumbull just
above the western horizon, 62 miles (99 km) away.
Most days, haze makes spotting this distant landmark
difficult. Sadly, most of this haze is human-caused. It can
be a plume from a local . . . — — Map (db m196818) HM
In 1890 prospector Pete Berry staked the Last Chance copper claim 3,000 feet below you on Horseshoe Mesa. The Last Chance Mine began a 17-year flurry of activity here at Grandview Point.
For a while the Last Chance Mine thrived. The ore was . . . — — Map (db m39662) HM
Responding to mounting political and public pressure, Congress authorized a ten-year program in 1955 to regenerate and modernize the national parks dubbed "Mission 66" for the target date of 1966, the National Park Service's 50th anniversary. The . . . — — Map (db m39587) HM
Can you spot the Colorado River? It looks tiny, surrounded by the
vast Grand Canyon, but do not be deceived. Its racing, muddy waters
carved the one-mile (1.6 km) depth of Grand Canyon, Standing
on the canyon's edge you may feel distant and . . . — — Map (db m196819) HM
He laid the foundation of the National Park Service, defining and establishing the policies under which its areas shall be developed and conserved unimpaired for future generations. There will never come an end to the good that he has done. — — Map (db m169438) HM
Throughout their longstanding friendship, Congressman Morris K. Udall and Senator John S. McCain set an example of bipartisan comity, collegiality, and leadership.
Though members of different political parties, these two great leaders and . . . — — Map (db m292135) HM
This location has two markers
This steel lookout tower is 80 feet tall and has a 7 foot by 7 foot steel cab on top. It was erected in 1934.
As guardians of our nation's vast timber reserves, the U.S. Forest Service has always given fire . . . — — Map (db m94919) HM
Kaibab Squirrel Area has been designated a National Natural Landmark.
This site possesses exceptional value as an illustration of the Nation's natural heritage and contributes to a better understanding of the environment. — — Map (db m94912)
Welcome to Vermilion Cliffs National Monument, an isolated and spectacular landscape. Tucked away in north-central Arizona, this Monument is a wonderland of geologic formations and rugged terrain that supports a rich array of desert wildlife and . . . — — Map (db m94911) HM
These tracks were made by a three-toed dinosaur known as a Saurischia therapod. It lived here about 170 million years ago during the Jurassic era when the environment was tropical. The footprints are raised natural sandstone castings of the . . . — — Map (db m40321) HM
They dominate the horizon, rising 12,633 feet (3851 m) to Arizona's highest point. Visible for miles from all directions, they stand guard over a land which has long sustained people in spirit and natural resources. All of the region's Native . . . — — Map (db m41664) HM
Buried under Sunset Crater's lava and cinders are perhaps dozens of pithouses. Those excavated revealed few artifacts; even building timbers had been removed. This suggests people had ample warning of the impending eruption.
The changed . . . — — Map (db m41693) HM
Erupting less than 1,000 years ago, Sunset Crater is the youngest in an impressive field of volcanoes all around you. The 1,000-foot-high (305m) cinder cone we see today formed when basalt magma rose directly to the surface through a primary vent. . . . — — Map (db m41665) HM
As a living ancestral homeland to the Hopi, Zuni, Yavapai, Havasupai, Navajo, Western Apache, and Southern Paiute, Sunset Crater is remembered, revered, and cared for.
People return often, bringing prayers and engaging in timeless traditions. . . . — — Map (db m41678) HM
The Tusayan Lookout Tree is an example of one of the earliest fire detection systems in American history.
Early rangers were tasked with keeping the forest safe, especially from wild fire. With little funding and no staff, rangers would . . . — — Map (db m141327) HM
The Island Trail, visible below you, follows the sharp meander of Walnut Creek. Many cliff dwelling rooms, unique in this area, were built throughout the canyon at the level of this trail. On both rims are numerous pithouses and pueblos.
On . . . — — Map (db m61304) HM
Puebloan traditions reach far back in time and are the basis for the social organization portrayed here. What responsibilities might you have had in this community, given your age and gender?
[Captions:]
Hopi men plant and . . . — — Map (db m61350) HM
Perhaps people living here 800 years ago called this place Wupatupqa ("long canyon"), as it is known to some of their descendants, the Hopi. It was no doubt known as a place of abundance, given its wealth of plant and animal life and the . . . — — Map (db m61305) HM
When a volcanic eruption occurred near what is now Flagstaff, Arizona, people lost homes and lands they had cultivated for at least 400 years. A major life events for locals, the eruption was also visible to large population centers across the . . . — — Map (db m61325) HM
As recently as the mid-1200s, families lived, worked, and played in Walnut Canyon. Tending crops on the rim, traveling to gather food, and collecting water from the canyon bottom were part of a daily routine.
It may be difficult to imagine . . . — — Map (db m61302) HM
Limestone forms the massive overhang above you and the ledge you are standing on. In between, softer layers of silty limestone have retreated, eroded away. All of the cliff dwelling rooms in Walnut Canyon — more than 300 — were built . . . — — Map (db m61342) HM
Walnut Canyon was once filled with the sounds of a busy community as families hunted, planted, and harvested with the seasons. Children were born, grew up, and raised children of their own. They were neither the first nor the last to use and . . . — — Map (db m61328) HM
With its steep and sheer walls, Walnut Canyon provided homebuilding advantages along with controlled access. Living here, people were situated to monitor their world. This was not uncommon; most villages of the time had some form of passive . . . — — Map (db m61326) HM
During the spring thaw, snowmelt rumbled through the narrow passage below you. Water flowed again during the summer monsoon. Shaded pools held precious water after the flow ebbed. Walnut Creek was the lifeblood of the community.
Still, people . . . — — Map (db m61356) HM
Included in this historic copper mine are the Globe ledge silver claims. Discovered in 1873, the first to yield profitable ore in the Globe-Miami district. The Old Dominion included many other early claims. Production ceased in the 30s, due to . . . — — Map (db m67463) HM
On June 25, 1990 a lightning caused fire entrapped ten members of the Perryville fire crew in this canyon, resulting in six fatalities. Before the fire was contained it had burned more than 24,000 acres and destroyed over 70 structures.
This . . . — — Map (db m28210) HM
These Trees Planted in Memory of the Firefighters Who Died in the Dude Fire June 26, 1990
Sandra J. Bachman • Joseph Chacon • Alex S. Contreras • James L. Denny • James E. Ellis • Curtis E. Springfield — — Map (db m28211) HM
The Barry M. Goldwater Range is the nation's second largest tactical aviation range, providing the land and airspace necessary to train pilots for the U.S. Air Force, Marine Corps, Navy, Army and Air National Guard, and U.S. allies since World War . . . — — Map (db m292164) HM
Pipe Spring National Monument is establishing a native vegetation plot, reminiscent of the grasslands of the Arizona Strip prior to the 1850s. Over-abundant shrubs (four-wing saltbush and sagebrush) were removed from the area, and native grasses and . . . — — Map (db m149366) HM
He laid the foundation of the National Park Service, defining and establishing the policies under which its areas shall be developed and conserved unimpaired for future generations. There will never come an end to the good that he has done. — — Map (db m149341) HM
1880 — Ten years ago the desert spaces… were covered with abundant grasses. Today hardly a blade of grass is to be found within 10 miles of [Pipe] spring… Even if there had been no drought… cattle would have… destroyed the grass by cropping . . . — — Map (db m149473) HM
You are looking into Black Canyon and a narrow,
river-like portion of Lake Mohave. To your left, about 59
miles downstream, is Davis Dam. To your right, 11 miles
upstream, is Hoover Dam. The U.S. Government built
the dams to tame the periodic . . . — — Map (db m111185) HM
In the valley below, a group of highly mobile Native Americans set up their base camp next to a modest playa lake some 13,000 years ago. From this temporary encampment, they refurbished their stone tool kits and restocked their food supply and . . . — — Map (db m285544) HM
Petrified Forest is a laboratory where scientists study not only the fossil record, but the records of earlier discoveries by naturalists and paleontologists.
Interest in the area’s fossils goes back to 1853, when a U.S. Army expedition . . . — — Map (db m68873) HM
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