A photographer captured Fort Brady's powder magazine in its prime, with men of the 1st Connecticut Heavy Artillery (note the crossed cannon on one soldier's cap) proudly standing at its entrance. Most Civil War forts stored ammunition and . . . — — Map (db m84912) HM
Directly in front of you is the site of a powder magazine, where ammunition and gunpowder were stored. An explosion there could obliterate the fort. To bomb-proof the magazine, structural timbers were covered with a thick layer of earth. — — Map (db m84913) HM
This sacred resting place is comprised of the graves of persons who developed the Quioccasin and Westwood communities and Pryor's Court. Quioccasin Baptist Church and Westwood Baptist Church were founded by former slaves. In 1914, the Quioccasin . . . — — Map (db m138021) HM
McClellan's Federals attacked in 1862, then Grant in '64, while Joseph E. Johnston and then Robert E. Lee defended. The two major assaults on the Confederate capital fanned out into a series of battles, skirmishes and marches. Tour the . . . — — Map (db m34692) HM
Running Southeastward and then Southwestward. A Confederate earthwork, three miles long, here crossed the Darbytown Road. This fortification was designed to cover the Main Outer Line, with which it connected, one mile North of this point. — — Map (db m14255) HM
April 3, 1953
Erected in memory of the Confederate veterans of this locality by the Chesterfield Chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy. The original Ridge Baptist Church building was used as a hospital during the War Between the . . . — — Map (db m32341) HM
Lt. Gen. Ulysses Grant ordered an assault here on 27 Oct. 1864 to divert Confederate attention from a Union attack near Petersburg. Maj. Gen. Benjamin Butler, Union commander outside Richmond, aspired to outflank the Confederates and capture their . . . — — Map (db m116722) HM
Across the hill here from east to west the Union artillery was in position in the afternoon of July 1, 1862. The Union batteries overpowered the few cannon the Confederates were able to bring up. When the Southern infantry charged from the woods, . . . — — Map (db m14909) HM
“The battle, with all its melancholy results, proved, however, that the Confederate infantry and Federal artillery, side by side on the same field need fear no foe on earth.” Confederate General D. H. Hill
As dusk . . . — — Map (db m46913) HM
... The men nobly responded to their officers' call and pour over the edge of the ditch into the dry moat, and then, scrambling up the bank, some on hands and knees, some stepping on their bayonets thrust into the clay, some on each other's . . . — — Map (db m34717) HM
You are standing where hand-to-hand fighting erupted as Union troops stormed into Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864. On top of the fort's parapet, Gen. Hiram Burnham clutched his chest after receiving a mortal wound. General George J. Stannard's . . . — — Map (db m32929) HM
“There was no cessation or diminution yet of the enemy’s fire – musketry here – which swept the field to such an extent that it was difficult to believe anything could escape unhurt.” - Lt. McHenry Howard, Confederate staff officer The . . . — — Map (db m14923) HM
“We reached the field; here were wounded men and the dead, but we heeded them not. We relieved the 7th New York Regiment and poured in a hot fire; still they kept the field, men falling all round, but our only thought was to fire as fast as . . . — — Map (db m14927) HM
Although the best known fighting on July 1, 1862, occurred across the road to the west, half of the battlefield is situated here, in front of the West House. Union infantrymen of General Darius Couch’s division occupied the far forward slope of . . . — — Map (db m15209) HM
You have reached the farthest point to which any organized Confederate infantry advanced on July 1. Two simple wooden structures stood within this cleared area. They are thought to have housed the slaves working the Crew farm. During the twilight . . . — — Map (db m29436) HM
Dairy farming became the new agricultural industry in Henrico County during the period following the Civil War. As early as 1880, there were 2,181 milk cows in the county. By the early 20th century, agriculturists boasted Henrico as the “Dairy . . . — — Map (db m115645) HM
Two small structures used as slave quarters stood in this clearing. Some of the fiercest fighting raged around them in the twilight, as men of Paul J. Semmes’ Confederate brigade used the buildings for shelter and exchanged short-range fire with . . . — — Map (db m49258) HM
William Ferguson and wife Myrtle Deane purchased Malvern Hill farm in 1942. The family was a steward of the land and its history for nearly 75 years. William moved to Henrico County in 1920 where he became manager of Curles Neck farm, helping it to . . . — — Map (db m115181) HM
Atop this knoll Confederate General D. H. Hill had an unobstructed view to the crest of Malvern Hill. In the distance stood the West farm house and fields where Union batteries waited to dispute any Southern advance. By early afternoon Hill’s five . . . — — Map (db m46918) HM
Approaching from the James River, Union soldiers of Stannard's division suffered their greatest loss in crossing the open ground behind you. Confederate cannon along this wall delivered mighty blasts that knocked horrible holes in the attacking . . . — — Map (db m84992) HM
Sitting atop Malvern Hill only feet from the roaring line of Union cannon, the West House became an instant battlefield landmark. The original house dated from approximately 1831, but was rebuilt decades after the Civil War. The current structure is . . . — — Map (db m15197) HM
Born Thomas Jefferson Edwards here in Henrico County on 15 Oct. 1922, African American singer-songwriter Tommy Edwards composed songs recorded by well-known performers Tony Bennett, Red Foley, Tony Fontane, and
Louis Jordan. He recorded for Top and . . . — — Map (db m29573) HM
Stonewall Jackson’s wing of the Confederate army joined in the action just before darkness. Some of his infantry advanced on this side of the road, toward Malvern Hill’s crest. Broken and disoriented formations of Confederate infantry blocked their . . . — — Map (db m15199) HM
After capturing Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864, Federal troops built a 2½-mile line of fortifications connecting the Union position from Fort Harrison (later renamed Fort Burnham) to Fort Brady here on the James River. Once the . . . — — Map (db m15479) HM
Union soldiers constructed these entrenchments after the September 1864 battle. This line ran continuously south for 2.5 miles connecting Fort Harrison (Burnham) to Fort Brady on the James River. — — Map (db m34715) HM
Around 15,000 men and the artillery of General Samuel Heintzelman’s Union Third Corps occupied this long stretch of open fields before you. They did not come under direct assault, but did supply reinforcements to the front line. The farm silo you . . . — — Map (db m15206) HM
During the Civil War, Union and Confederate armies engaged in battles along major transportation corridors. Union Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's defensive earthworks blocked Williamsburg Road east of here, for example, during the 1862 Peninsula . . . — — Map (db m15922) HM
Frustrated by his failure at Glendale, Robert E. Lee gathered his army on July 1, 1862, for a final effort to destroy the Union army. But on this day, unlike his previous efforts during the Seven Days, Lee did not have a Union flank or a strung-out . . . — — Map (db m14916) HM
The Ziontown Community is located on Ridge Road at Fountain Lane, extending south and ending at River Road. It was founded by Henry Pryor who was born in 1825 in Albemarle, Virginia. Pryor, an enslaved man, was brought to Henrico County when he was . . . — — Map (db m233792) HM
The Virginia Home for Boys is the oldest boys' home in continuous service in Virginia and the second oldest in the United States. Founded as the Richmond Male Orphan Society on 30 March 1846 for the "maintenance and instruction" of orphaned boys, it . . . — — Map (db m218249) HM
One of Richmond's earliest streetcar suburbs, Highland Springs was founded in 1890 by Edmund Sewell Read, a wealthy real estate developer from Winthrop, Mass. He named the community for the relatively high altitude and natural springs that suited . . . — — Map (db m24844) HM
In 1852, Joseph and Elizabeth Tyree owned this 400 acre tract of land known as "Woodstock." After changing hands several times, the Locomotive Club of Richmond purchased 208 acres of the property and built this clubhouse in 1925. Through the middle . . . — — Map (db m24858) HM
Half a mile northwest occurred the action of Golding's Farm at dusk on June 27, 1862, as the battle of Gaines's Mill, on the other side of the river, was ending. The Confederates, sallying from their defenses, attacked Hancock's brigade holding the . . . — — Map (db m15657) HM
In 1611, Sir Thomas Dale founded the Citie of Henricus, the second settlement in the Colony of Virginia which later became Henrico County. Henrico, named for Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales and son of King James I, became one of the original eight . . . — — Map (db m39688) HM
Laurel, first named Hungary Station, was the location of a spur railroad line to the coal fields in western Henrico County. During the Civil War the station here was burned, and Colonel Ulrich Dahlgren's body was secretly buried here in March 1864 . . . — — Map (db m10650) HM
The need to centralize the county’s government and to provide adequate jail facilities prompted local officials to take measures to build a new complex. A dedication of the new court facility at Parham and Hungary Spring roads took place in 1974. It . . . — — Map (db m39691) HM
The 1752 Henrico Courthouse, a colonial-style brick structure, was built in Richmond in the middle of 22nd and East Main streets. The Declaration of Independence was read publicly for the first time from its steps on August 5, 1776. In 1824, the . . . — — Map (db m39690) HM
During the 1620s, Henrico court meetings were referred to as the Court of Upper Charles City. After the establishment of the county in 1634, the gentlemen justices of Henrico assembled for their monthly sessions either at the home of one of their . . . — — Map (db m39689) HM
It was simple. Elegant. And a favorite of George Washington. It came from an old English country dance that had first been published by Sir Roger de Coverley in 1685. By the 1800s, it was spinning through schoolhouses and barns across America. . . . — — Map (db m185285) HM
John Pleasants, Sr., nearby landowner and Quaker, requested in his will that his slaves be freed when each became 30 years old. Pleasants died in 1771, but it was not until 1782 that some of his slaves gained freedom when the Virginia General . . . — — Map (db m9604) HM
In April 1862, Union Gen. George B. McClellan began marching his huge Army of the Potomac west up the Peninsula between the James and York Rivers from Fort Monroe to Richmond, the Confederate capital. Gen. John B. Magruder’s forces delayed the . . . — — Map (db m171304) HM
On 16 Aug. 1864, Federal infantry stormed Confederate earthworks nearby, in the Second Battle of Deep Bottom. The 39th Illinois helped lead the assault. Pvt. Henry M. Hardenbergh, of Bremen Township, the color bearer, served in Co. G, called the . . . — — Map (db m185581) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m89722) HM
The Crew house and its outbuildings soon became one of the battlefield's most recognizable features. Little is known of the family that lived here during the war other than that they did not remain inside the home during the battle. However, Union . . . — — Map (db m71462) HM
Union commanders chose an ideal location to fight their last battle of the Seven Days. As many as 40 cannon covered the one-half-mile front, stretching from the slopes of Crew’s Run on your left to a similar drop to Western Run on your right. Nearly . . . — — Map (db m34705) HM
On 27 April 1781, Brig. Gen. Benedict Arnold led the British army's 76th and 80th Regiments, the Queen's Rangers, and some other units in an assault at Osborne's in Chesterfield County. The Americans posted a number of Virginia Navy ships near here . . . — — Map (db m9607) HM
Adèle Goodman Clark fought tirelessly to champion both women’s rights and the arts in Virginia. Clark gained prominence for pro-suffrage speeches and writings as a founding member in 1909 of the Equal Suffrage League of Virginia. She used her . . . — — Map (db m47379) HM
For almost ten months beginning in mid-June 1864, the Army of the Potomac besieged the cities of Petersburg and Richmond from the east and south. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant ordered the Union fortifications extended west of Petersburg . . . — — Map (db m164454) HM
Today, heavy woods have replaced the vast rolling wheat fields upon which the armies fought. Timber also hides the steep slopes and jagged ravines that shielded the flanks of the Union position. The rough terrain forced most of the Confederates to . . . — — Map (db m29441) HM
On May 12, 1864, this crossing of the Chickahominy River was the scene of a sharp engagement between Union and Confederate cavalry The previous day, Gen. Philip Sheridan and his Union troopers fought and defeated Gen. J.E.B. Stuart and his . . . — — Map (db m15217) HM
A massive two-pronged Union attack on September 29, 1864, captured New Market Heights and a section of Richmond’s outer defenses including Fort Harrison. Not wishing to concede a vital part of his line to the enemy, Confederate commander Robert E. . . . — — Map (db m3688) HM
On 28 September 1864, elements of Maj. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler’s Army of the James crossed the James River to assault the Confederate defenses of Richmond. At dawn on 29 September, 6 regiments of U.S. Colored Troops fought with exceptional valor . . . — — Map (db m181439) HM
Photographs taken during and shortly after the war help us to understand, preserve and rehabilitate the battlefield landscape. In the 1880’s a photographer recorded a series of views of Malvern Hill to accompany Civil War articles published in . . . — — Map (db m15201) HM
Against the Federals holding this eminence, the Confederates delivered repeated assaults from the North on July 1, 1862 and lost about 5,000 men in the final, indecisive Battle of the Seven Days’ Campaign. That night McClellan withdrew to Harrison's . . . — — Map (db m181652) HM
Edward J. Warren, a farmer, was the first owner of the house on 100 acres in 1858. Warren, a private in the 34th Virginia Infantry, was captured by Union troops and held prisoner at Fort Monroe. The property is first referred to as Belmont in the . . . — — Map (db m24750) HM
Confederate Fort Gilmer loomed as a major obstacle to any advance on Richmond. On the afternoon of September 29, 1864, several regiments of black troops stormed these works only to be driven back. A portion of the 7th United States Colored Troops, . . . — — Map (db m24823) HM
Bombproof Federal soldiers are standing at the entrance to a bombproof, built of earth-covered logs to shelter troops during bombardment. Magazines of similar construction stored powder and ammunition. Casemate This gun embrasure was . . . — — Map (db m15487) HM
According to tradition, the Marquis de Lafayette marched his colonial troops from the north into Richmond on portions of present-day Brook Road late in April 1781. Established in 1812, the Brook Turnpike Company constructed a turnpike along this . . . — — Map (db m15847) HM
The roads through Henrico County were important routes for the Revolutionary War campaign of 1781. To avoid British Gen. Charles Cornwallis's troops advancing from Petersburg, the Marquis de Lafayette left Richmond by 27 May and marched northward . . . — — Map (db m15853) HM
Cedar Hill was constructed ca. 1820 and originally stood off Creighton Road near the Hanover County line. During the Civil War, units of Kershaw's Division of the Army of the Confederate States set up camp at Cedar Hill and built fortifications on . . . — — Map (db m36265) HM
This strategically important road ran from the Williamsburg Road southeast past White's Tavern, across White Oak Swamp, and into the Riddell's Shop intersection with the Long Bridge and Darbytown roads, eight miles distant. As Gen. Robert E. Lee's . . . — — Map (db m15923) HM
On this ridge overlooking the Chickahominy River, General Lee, President Davis, and many other prominent Confederate officers gathered to await the start of the operations that came to be called the Seven Days Campaign. They expected “Stonewall” . . . — — Map (db m14977) HM
(left panel)
Visiting Richmond National Battlefield Park
The concentration of Civil War resources found in the Richmond area is unparalleled. The National Park Service manages 13 sites, giving visitors an opportunity to examine the . . . — — Map (db m34663) HM
Dedicated to the intrepid and patriotic men: the Civil War Balloonists, Union and Confederate, known and unknown who against ridicule and skepticism laid the foundation for this nation’s future in the sky.
Inscribed hereon are the names of . . . — — Map (db m24824) HM
General Couch found the uneven terrain in this section of the Union position less favorable for artillery. He chose to push his infantry well forward of the guns, placing brigades under Abercrombie, Howe, and Palmer on this ground to prevent the . . . — — Map (db m29232) HM
Fort Johnson was perfectly situated to protect Richmond. From this commanding ridge the Confederate garrison looked out across the treeless landscape that offered an open field of fire for their guns. A deep ditch protected by sharpened stakes added . . . — — Map (db m15087) HM
These northernmost fortifications along Brook Road operated as an early warning system for Confederate troops defending Richmond. Earthworks designed for artillery, located on each side of the road, blocked sudden enemy advances against the capital. . . . — — Map (db m15945) HM
The day after Federals captured Fort Harrison, Robert E. Lee personally directed savage Confederate counterattacks against this section of earthworks. Union forces had already closed and strengthened the rear of the fort. Armed with new repeating . . . — — Map (db m15485) HM
(panel 1)
Curvy Course
Navigating the curving meanders of the river above Jamestown was tedious for boaters in John Smith’s day. Too difficult to sail, men had to row through long stretches known as the oxbows. Yet the colonists . . . — — Map (db m97344) HM
In May 1862, Gen. George McClellan’s Union army was poised on the outskirts of Richmond threatening the Confederate capital. Here, in the Dabbs House, Robert E. Lee, as new commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, opened his headquarters on . . . — — Map (db m15930) HM
Here at the Dabbs House on June 1, 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee established his first field headquarters as the new commander of the Army of Northern Virginia. He replaced Gen. Joseph E. Johnston, who had been wounded, as Union Gen. . . . — — Map (db m167845) HM
In May 1862, Gen. George McClellan's Union army was poised on the outskirts of Richmond threatening the Confederate capital. Here, in the Dabbs House, Robert E. Lee, as new commander of the Army of Northern Virginia, opened his headquarters on . . . — — Map (db m167846) HM
Col. Ulric Dahlgren's Union cavalry passed through this area late in the evening of 1 March 1864 before defeating the Richmond Armory Battalion at the Battle of Green's Farm, just south on Three Chopt Road. Dahlgren led his command toward Richmond . . . — — Map (db m16013) HM
D. Webster Davis, author, clergyman, and educator, was born into slavery in Caroline or Hanover County. He attended public school in Richmond after the Civil War and, beginning in 1879, taught in the city school system for 33 years. In 1887 Davis . . . — — Map (db m180198) HM
During the Seven Days' Campaign, Maj. Gen. James Longstreet's and Maj. Gen. A. P. Hill's Confederate divisions moved east along Darbytown Road toward its junction with the Long Bridge Road. This junction is about three miles southwest of Riddell's . . . — — Map (db m15921) HM
The Battle of Darbytown Road, 7 Oct. 1864, was the last large Confederate offensive north of the James River. Gen. Robert E. Lee personally supervised the operation. Attacking from the west astride the Darbytown Road, Lee’s infantry shattered the . . . — — Map (db m16302) HM
After the Battle of Cold Harbor in June 1864, Grant and Lee shifted their armies to Petersburg; but Grant did not wish to abandon the Richmond front entirely. He had Gen. Benjamin Butler position a small force from his Army of the James here at . . . — — Map (db m193868) HM
As you watch boats being launched here today, imagine the challenge faced by Union engineers tasked with constructing a pontoon bridge at this site on June 20th, 1864. Under the cover of night, and without alerting nearby Confederate pickets, . . . — — Map (db m216519) HM
Fourmile Creek flows into the slender oxbow of the James River here. Oxbows, successive curvatures in the river’s course, forced Smith and his men to row long distances on their exploratory trip upstream. Navigating the sharp turns was very . . . — — Map (db m186659) HM
"The fortifications constructed by the Confederate army in this vicinity & about Richmond are miles in extent & I must add that they are as strong, if not the strongestin the world." - Julian Scott, Union Army Veteran May 1865 From the war's . . . — — Map (db m55720) HM
Nearby stood one of the outer Confederate defensive lines that guarded Richmond during the Civil War (1861-1865). A series of earthworks and fortifications was built to protect the city and to allow the outnumbered Confederates to make maximum use . . . — — Map (db m54251) HM
On November 6, 1955, the New American Jewish Club, a group of immigrants and survivors of the Nazi purge of European Jewry, gathered here to unveil the three center sections of this Holocaust memorial, one of the first such memorials in North . . . — — Map (db m74268) HM WM
Built directly west by John Stewart of Brook Hill and consecrated by the Right Reverend John Johns on 6 July 1860, Emmanuel Church (Episcopal) is a classic example of late-antebellum Gothic Revival architecture. Considerable military activity took . . . — — Map (db m24729) HM
On 30 June 1862, as Gen. Robert E. Lee concentrated his troops to attack Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan's retreating Union army at Glendale, Maj. Gen. Theophilus H. Holmes brigade of Confederate troops moved down New Market Road on Lee's right. . . . — — Map (db m9247) HM
Commemorating the beautiful life of
First Lieutenant Jimmie W. Monteith, Jr.
He died June 6, 1944 on the shores of Normandy and lies buried at St. Laurent, France. Age 26 years. A Virginian by birth, descending from a long line of her . . . — — Map (db m61634) WM
To the right of this road was Fort Gilmer, successfully defended against Federal assaults and held until the eve of the evacuation of Richmond. Kershaw's Division, the last Confederate infantry to leave the Richmond line, abandoned Fort Gilmer at 3 . . . — — Map (db m164416) HM
Six hundred yards West of this road stood the Confederate Fort Harrison. It was stormed Sept. 29, 1864 after a surprise-attack by Federal troops and was held against counter attacks the next day. New Confederate defensive lines were drawn in rear of . . . — — Map (db m14230) HM
Both Federals and Confederates occupied this fort. Originally these earthworks were part of the 1862 Richmond line of defense. When Federal troops overran the fort in 1864, they built more than half the earthworks you will see on the tour, and . . . — — Map (db m15484) HM
After capturing Fort Harrison on September 29, 1864, Union General Edward O.C. Ord directed an attack southward down the Confederate line toward forts Hoke and Maury. If these Confederate defenses fell, the direct road to Richmond along the Osborne . . . — — Map (db m46915) HM
Here, on the Charles City Road, the Confederate forces of Major General Benjamin Huger in their attempt to intercept the Federal withdrawal to the James opened with artillery the Battle of Frazier's Farm, June 30, 1862. — — Map (db m14215) HM
North and South of this point lay the line of battle in which the Confederate commands of James Longstreet and A.P. Hill engaged indecisively the Federal forces in the Fourth Battle of the Seven Days’ Campaign. This spot marks the furthest Federal . . . — — Map (db m14216) HM
Here, the Confederate line of Longstreet's Division crossed this, the Long Bridge Road. Southeasterly one-quarter mile occurred the fiercest encounter, in which the Federal forces under McCall were forced to retire at nightfall June 30, 1862. — — Map (db m14222) HM
This is one in a series of 61 markers erected beginning in 1925 to identify the battlefields around Richmond. The tablets were the work of the Battlefield Markers Association, a group of historians committed to commemorating the Richmond . . . — — Map (db m14283) HM
Just to the north where Brook Road crosses Brook Run creek was the rendezvous point for the largest U.S. slave revolt ever planned. It was to be here on August 30, 1800, that Gabriel, a slave from nearby Brookfield Plantation, called for hundreds of . . . — — Map (db m15944) HM
Adjacent to this park, in a location known as Young’s Spring (1), Gabriel, a slave of Thomas Prosser, was appointed leader of the rebellion in the summer of 1800. He lived on Brookfield Plantation (2) in Henrico County. His objectives were to . . . — — Map (db m24744) HM
Gabriel, a slave of Thomas Prosser of nearby Brookfield plantation, planned a slave insurrection against Richmond on 30 Aug. 1800. The slaves intended to kidnap Governor James Monroe and compel him to support political, social, and economic equality . . . — — Map (db m15850) HM
Irving L. Haggins, an African American, born in 1934, designed his one-of-a kind home in 1956. This self-taught architect and contractor built it in 1967. Inspired by modernist architect Frank Lloyd Wright's work, it combines unusual organic forms . . . — — Map (db m53975) HM
On April 3, 1620, The London Company hired George Thorpe to manage the land and tenants for the proposed "university and college" on 11,000 acres on the north bank of the James River above Henrico Town. The agricultural activities of the tenants . . . — — Map (db m9606) HM
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