The 1st California was one of four regiments that made up the “California Brigade” commanded by Colonel Edward D. Baker, U.S. Senator from Oregon and close friend of President Lincoln. In April, 1861, Baker helped to organize what was . . . — — Map (db m2230) HM
This property has been
placed on the
National Register
of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of the Interior
circa 1790
— — Map (db m143135) HM
The 8th Virginia Infantry was a local unit made up of six companies from Loudoun, two from Fauquier, and one each from Fairfax and Prince William counties. Commanded by Colonel Eppa Hunton, the Regiment arrived on the field about 12:30 p.m. . . . — — Map (db m2211) HM
Colonel Eppa Hunton, commanding the 8th Virginia Infantry from Loudoun County and other areas of Northern Virginia, arrived at Ball's Bluff at about one p.m. Deploying here at the edge of a small field, Hunton's 8th Virginia joined in the battle. . . . — — Map (db m168073) HM
This monument is dedicated to the brave men of the 8th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment
The 8th Virginia Volunteer Infantry Regiment was organized into State Service May 8th, 1861 in Leesburg under the command of Colonel Eppa Hunton. These . . . — — Map (db m85501) WM
• One cannon manned by Battery B, 1st Rhode Island Field Artillery at Ball's Bluff
• Commanded by Lieutenant Walter Bramhall
• Model 1841 six pounder smooth bore cannon modified with rifling to fire James system rounds meant to extend . . . — — Map (db m168067) HM
The 15th Massachusetts Infantry provided an initial scouting patrol on the night of October 20 and the troops for the raiding party the next morning. Five companies, roughly 300 men, were to attack a Confederate camp. Devens positioned his men . . . — — Map (db m2223) HM
The 15th Massachusetts Infantry led the Federal advance at Ball's Bluff. Rebuffed in the morning's fight, the 15th fell back to the small field that existed here in 1861. Private Rowland E. Bowen of the 15th Massachusetts described the action . . . — — Map (db m168070) HM
The 17th Mississippi Infantry was the last Confederate unit to arrive on the field. These 600-700 fresh troops showed up late in the afternoon and tipped the balance of what had been a hard but evenly fought contest up to that point. The . . . — — Map (db m157213) HM
The 18th Mississippi Infantry was sent from nearby Edward's Ferry and arrived near here around 3:00 p.m. Colonel Erasmus Burt ordered his men forward across the then open field unknowingly into a deadly crossfire between the two wings of the Union . . . — — Map (db m157214) HM
The 18th Mississippi Infantry was sent from nearby Edward's Ferry and arrived at the battlefield at two-thirty [p.m.]. Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Griffin of the 18th Mississippi described the situation: "Taking a position on the right of the 8th . . . — — Map (db m168046) HM
Companies D and I of the 20th Massachusetts (the “Harvard Regiment”) followed the 15th Massachusetts across the Potomac with orders to serve as a rear guard and cover the withdrawal of the 15th Massachusetts following what was hoped would be a . . . — — Map (db m157271) HM
The 20th Massachusetts Infantry followed the 15th Massachusetts across the Patomac River. Acting initially as rear guard, the 10th occupied this area throughout the day. Among the ranks of the 20th was Lieutenant Henry L. Abbott who described the . . . — — Map (db m168057) HM
The 42nd New York (“Tammany Regiment”) was commanded by Col. Milton Cogswell, the only West Point-trained officer among the senior Union commanders at Ball’s Bluff. Five companies of the 42nd participated in the battle. With the death . . . — — Map (db m157216) HM
Fresh from the victory at the Second Battle of Manassas
General Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 1-6, 1862,
to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. . . . — — Map (db m1110) HM
Fresh from victory at the Second Battle of Manassas, Gen. Robert E. Lee’s Army of Northern Virginia crossed the Potomac River on September 4–6, 1862, to bring the Civil War to Northern soil and to recruit sympathetic Marylanders. Union Gen. . . . — — Map (db m289125) HM
1. Sugarloaf Mountain - This was the site of a Union Signal Corps station that remained in operation throughout much of the war. 2. White's Ferry - Originally called Conrad's Ferry, this crossing was established in 1817 about four miles . . . — — Map (db m27839) HM
Potato chips - George Crum
Home security system - Marie Van Brittan Brown
Protective mailbox - Philip B. Downing
Refrigerated trucks - Frederick McKinley Jones
Ironing board - Sarah Boone
Video gaming Console - Jerry Lawson
Ice cream . . . — — Map (db m291579) HM
Garrett Morgan • Lewis Howard Latimer • Lonnie Johnson
African Americans have been responsible for many inventions that have made life easier, safer, and more fun. These inventions have become an important part of improving daily life . . . — — Map (db m291556) HM
Among the Union casualties here at Ball's Bluff was U.S. Senator, Colonel Edward D. Baker, boyhood friend of Abraham Lincoln. Baker was a former Congressman from Illinois, a brilliant lawyer and orator, veteran of the Mexican War and sitting U.S. . . . — — Map (db m168038) HM
Ball’s Bluff is the only battlefield on which a United States senator was killed in combat. Edward Dickinson Baker, senator from Oregon, was also a colonel and one of Brig. Gen. Charles Stone’s three brigade commanders. Baker was a long-time friend . . . — — Map (db m168045) HM
Katherine Johnson • Mae Carol Jemison
From figuring out calculations to advancing missions, to orbiting through space, African American pioneers have assisted in ways to understanding and growing our mission through the galaxy. — — Map (db m291552) HM
The civil rights movement was a struggle for social justice that took place mainly during the 1950s and 1960s for African Americans to gain equal rights under the law in the United States.
Rosa Parks
Rosa Louise McCauley Parks was . . . — — Map (db m291558) HM
The Bachelor's Cottage, circa 1821, was originally constructed as a dairy. It matched the smokehouse on the other side of the mansion to balance the plantation's layout. Originally the structure had a dirt floor several feet below ground . . . — — Map (db m195185) HM
Nearby is the likely site of the Confederate “masked battery” (concealed artillery) that was an object of Federal concern early in the Civil War. On 21 Oct. 1861, elements of the 13th Mississippi infantry near there engaged 35 horsemen of the 3rd . . . — — Map (db m167611) HM
Two hundred yards to your right are the remains of a small earthwork that may have been part of a masked (concealed) battery which played an important role in the Battle of Ball’s Bluff on October 21, 1861. The battery commanded the road from . . . — — Map (db m156304) HM
The 25 graves here in America's third smallest national cemetery contain the partial remains of 54 Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Ball's Bluff, October 21, 1861. All are unidentified except Pvt. James Allen of Northbridge, Massachusetts, . . . — — Map (db m168050) HM
Battle of Ball's Bluff
On October 20, 1861, Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, commander of the Army of the Potomac, ordered Brig. Gen. Charles P. Stone to scout Confederate forces on the Virginia side of the Potomac River near . . . — — Map (db m168053) HM
The twenty-five graves here in one of America’s smallest national cemeteries contain the partial remains of 54 Union soldiers killed at the Battle of Ball’s Bluff, October 21, 1861. All are unidentified except Pvt. James Allen of Northbridge, . . . — — Map (db m194381) HM
Ball's Bluff is a 600 yard long shale and sandstone cliff. It rises up a shallow bell curve from two ravines approximately 300 yards north and south of where you are standing. At this point, it is about 100 feet high, though just to the north . . . — — Map (db m150419) HM
On the night of October 20, 1861, a small Federal scouting party crossed the Potomac River from Maryland to determine whether recent troop movements indicated a Confederate withdrawal from Leesburg. Advancing inland from Ball’s Bluff, the . . . — — Map (db m157212) HM
On the night of October 20, 1861, a small Federal scouting party crossed the Potomac River from Maryland and made its way to the crest of a sheer cliff known as Ball's Bluff. The scouts found the bluffs undefended and continued up this path . . . — — Map (db m168043) HM
One mile east occurred the Battle of Ball’s Bluff, October 21, 1861. A Union force, which had crossed the river at this point, was driven back over it by the Confederates. — — Map (db m985) HM
Just to the east, 1,700 Union troops crossed the Potomac River and clashed with 1,700 Confederates on 21 Oct. 1861. The previous evening, a Union reconnaissance patrol had mistaken a row of trees for Confederate tents. Brig. Gen. Charles Stone . . . — — Map (db m93420) HM
This is one of three identical signs which mark the approximate extent of the area called the "triangular" clearing at the time of the battle.
The triangular clearing roughly coincided with the slope on which you are standing. — — Map (db m168042) HM
6 AM - After crossing the river, the 15 MA (Colonel Devens) advanced to the area near the Jackson house, leaving the 20 MA (Colonel Lee) on the bluff to guard the exit path to the river. 8 AM - Captain Duff's (17 MS) Company ran into . . . — — Map (db m27590) HM
2:00PM: After skirmishing with a growing Confederate force in the vicinity of the Jackson House since early morning, and having received no orders from Colonel Edward Baker, Colonel Charles Devens withdrew the 15th Massachusetts to the bluff. . . . — — Map (db m168041) HM
4:30-5:00 PM: The Union commander on the field, Colonel (and U.S. Senator) Edward D. Baker was killed, not at the current Baker stone but probably about 75-100 yards inland from that point. Approximately 20 Federals successfully engaged in a . . . — — Map (db m168054) HM
The Secession Crisis
Nov 6, 1860: Abraham Lincoln was elected as the 16th US president, defeating John Breckinridge, Stephen Douglas, and John Bell.
Dec 20, 1860: South Carolina secedes from the Union.
Jan 3, 1861: Delaware . . . — — Map (db m168037) HM
The Battle of Ball’s Bluff was the result of a mistake. The previous evening, Capt. Chase Philbrick, Co. H, 15th Massachusetts, led a small reconnaissance patrol across the river to determine the results of some earlier Confederate troop movements. . . . — — Map (db m157576) HM
The Battle of Ball's Bluff was the result of a mistake. The previous evening, Capt. Chase Philbrick, Co. H, 15th Massachusetts Regiment, led a small reconnaissance patrol across the Potomac River to determine the results of some earlier . . . — — Map (db m168086) HM
In 2004, Ball's Bluff Battlefield Regional Park began a restoration project on the battlefield where you stand today. The objective of the effort is to return about 12 acres of the battlefield to its approximate appearance in 1861. First hand . . . — — Map (db m150412) HM
Bernice Sewell taught at Douglass High School from 1948-1957. The first DHS yearbook, published in 1953, was dedicated to her. Ms. Sewell taught Math, was a Class Advisor, Drama Advisor, and Yearbook Advisor. — — Map (db m291580) HM
• February was selected as Black History Month because it contained the birthdays of President Abraham Lincoln and Frederick Douglass
• Phillis Wheatley was only 12 when she became the first female African American author published in 1773
. . . — — Map (db m291578) HM
The carriage house was used for storage of house drawn carriages and other equipment. This building was constructed in the 1880s and was in use until the 1930s. After horse drawn carriages were no longer commonly used, the building was used as a . . . — — Map (db m7831) HM
The Carriage House, built in 1903 during the Eustis period, illustrates the era when the horse drawn carriage was the primary mode of transportation. Today, the Carriage House is the Oatlands Museum Gift Shop and Visitor center.
The . . . — — Map (db m60112) HM
The trio of green buildings around the circular drives were constructed in the early 1900s by the Eustis family, the last private owners of Oatlands. William Corcoran Eustis enjoyed the close proximity to Virginia hunt country while Edith Eustis . . . — — Map (db m195183) HM
Charles Craven, a Black man about 25 years old, was lynched here on 31 July 1902. Accused of murdering a White man, Craven was being held at the Leesburg jail. Soon after his arrest, a mob of 300 to 500 men formed outside the jail. Fearing violence, . . . — — Map (db m279368) HM
Charles Fenton Mercer (1778–1858) is buried near here in Union Cemetery. After serving as an officer in the U.S. Army, he was recalled to service as an aid to Virginia Governor James Barbour of Virginia in the War of 1812 and rose to the rank . . . — — Map (db m893) HM
At 582 feet, Clarkes Gap, up the hill to your left, was the highest point on the Washington & Old Dominion Railroad. The stone bridge dates from the 1870s, when the tracks were completed to Clarkes Gap. The station stood on the site where you are . . . — — Map (db m2031) HM
Enslaved Africans were first brought to what would become the United States in 1619 and by the early 1800s the system of slaveholding was entrenched in the U.S., mostly in the Southern states. While most Northern states had banned owning people . . . — — Map (db m197010) HM
Across the ground in front of you are the remains of Confederate infantry earthworks most likely built after the Battle of Ball’s Bluff on October 21, 1861. At this time, Leesburg was on the front lines of the American Civil War and an outpost on . . . — — Map (db m103689) HM
In 1869, proud African American men from Leesburg lined up here to vote for the first time. This moment reflected the massive changes the Civil War brought to the United States. The scene was entirely different before the war when African Americans . . . — — Map (db m207064) HM
In 1940, after a succession of owners, the property was purchased by Mr. and Mrs. James H. Symington. The Symingtons set about restoring the house and making improvements to the farm. The Symingtons succeed in restoring the mansion house, making . . . — — Map (db m12955) HM
This dairy barn hails from the legendary Shenandoah Valley of Virginia. Built in 1900 in the town of Edinburg, it now sits at Market Station. The barn symbolizes the dairy farming that blossomed in the region, providing both county and town with . . . — — Map (db m5128) HM
The building behind you was built, in part, by the students of Douglass High School during the 1941-1942 School Year. It began as the shop building and later served as a band room and classroom.
Isaac J. Daniel
Tenure: . . . — — Map (db m291547) HM
The Freight Depot was built at the turn of the century, replacing a depot gutted by the disastrous fire of 1898. The wooden building is a fine example of railroad station architecture, with its wide overhangs to protect dock workers and freight from . . . — — Map (db m11324) HM
The Washington & Old Dominion Railroad switched from electric to diesel power during World War II. In 1941-42 the railroad bought its first three diesel-electric engines. Each General Electric engine had 380 horsepower and weighed 44 tons. Later . . . — — Map (db m2111) HM
On April 12, 1861, the storm clouds of war erupted over a divided America with the firing on Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. Just as America was divided in 1861, so was Virginia. Virginia's western half would form a separate . . . — — Map (db m168035) HM
On April 12, 1861, with the firing on Fort Sumter, America went to war with itself. Just as the country was divided, so were Virginia and Loudoun County. The western portion of Virginia became the separate state of West Virginia in 1863. Here in . . . — — Map (db m168049) HM
This early-19th-century house and its surrounding four acres were purchased in 1941 by Gen. Marshall (1880–1959) and his wife, Katherine Tupper Marshall (1882–1978). A student of the classics, Marshall called the house, in its grove of oaks, “Dodoan . . . — — Map (db m892) HM
Before the construction of this high school, there were no schools beyond 7th grade for black students in Loudoun County. Late in the 1930s, the parent-teacher associations of various black schools formed the County-Wide League to raise . . . — — Map (db m5096) HM
Douglass High School
has been registered as a
Virginia Historic Landmark
by the
Virginia Department of Conservation
and Historic Resources
Throughout much of Virginia in the early 1900s, black parents were pressing . . . — — Map (db m5100) HM
In honor of Douglass High School veterans
1941 - 1968
In honor of Douglass High School bus drivers, custodians, cafeteria workers
1941 - 1968
In honor of Douglass High School guidance counselors, librarians, secretaries
1941 - 1968 . . . — — Map (db m291581) HM WM
He was an activist, humanitarian, Baptist minister and a leader in the African-American civil rights movement.
Sculptor: Jeffery L. Hall, 2023 — — Map (db m291549) HM
On this site, deeded in 1766, stood the old Methodist meeting house completed about 1770. Here in 1778 was held the sixth conference of American Methodism and the first in Virginia. In this cemetery in 1786 was buried Richard Owings, first native . . . — — Map (db m117274) HM
An Early Methodist Parsonage
🕀 When Dr. John Urquhart bought Lot 49, the adjoining property, from Nicholas Minor in 1761 for five pounds he soon built upon it a modest brick house 20 feet long and 16 feet wide. This was the heart of the . . . — — Map (db m214385) HM
Jubal A. Early passed over this road on his return to the Shenandoah Valley, July 16, 1864. After leaving Lee before Richmond, June 13, Early traveled 450 miles, defeating Hunter at Lynchburg and Wallace on the Monocacy River in Maryland, and . . . — — Map (db m1003) HM
Colonel Baker is buried at the Presidio in San Francisco, California. This memorial stone was placed here to mark what was believed to be the location of Baker’s death and to honor the memory of the only U.S. Senator to have died on the field of . . . — — Map (db m2237) HM
After Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's stunning victory at Chancellorsville in May 1863, he led the Army of Northern Virginia west to the Shenandoah Valley, then north through central Maryland and across the Mason-Dixon Line into . . . — — Map (db m63737) HM
Electrification arrived in 1912, after the Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad and the Southern Railway’s Bluemont Branch were consolidated into the Washington & Old Dominion Railway. The new owners brought modern interurban trolley cars. Wire . . . — — Map (db m2107) HM
By the eve of the Civil War, 133 men, women and children were enslaved at Oatlands. Their labor sustained the farm, enabled owner Elizabeth O. Carter to enjoy a high standard of living, and helped create the grand estate you see today. Look over . . . — — Map (db m195179) HM
During the time of slavery, more than 130 men, women and children were held in bondage at Oatlands and Bellefield, a smaller Carter plantation located to the west. The enslaved dug the clay and made hundreds of thousands of bricks to construct . . . — — Map (db m195194) HM
When Temple Hall Farm was established in 1812, the house and farm buildings of the time were likely built with Black enslaved workers. Enslaved workers were held in bondage there for the next fifty years to provide free labor for the property . . . — — Map (db m197019) HM
Condoleezza Rice • Sheila Johnson • Venus & Serena Williams
Condoleezza, Sheila, and Venus & Serena achieved groundbreaking success. During the open era, Serena Williams won more Grand Slam singles titles than any other player with 23. . . . — — Map (db m291553) HM
Shaquille O'Neal • Earvin "Magic" Johnson • Michael Jordan
Being an elite professional basketball player was their first job. These NBA superstars have now retired from the NBA and have also become multi-millionaires and billionaires due to . . . — — Map (db m291573) HM
Stevie Wonder • Marvin Gaye • Prince
Stevie, Marvin, and Prince are some of the most creative musical figures of the 20th century. Stevie was a child prodigy and created music to capture political ideas and actively protest in the way he . . . — — Map (db m291561) HM
Though small by today's standard, structures like this four-room house were home to Morven Park's farm laborers and their families. The homes once dotted large estates throughout the area, and Morven park had as many as nine to house its . . . — — Map (db m130066) HM
Dominique Dawes • Lusia Harris • Althea Gibson
Female athlete pioneers Dominique, Lusia, and Althea broke barriers with firsts that made history. The French Championships marked Althea's first Grand Slam victory as the first African . . . — — Map (db m291571) HM
Four African American Civil War veterans are buried in this cemetery: James Gaskins (39th U.S. Colored Infantry), Joseph Waters (5th Massachusetts Colored Cavalry), William Taylor (1st U.S. Colored Infantry), and John W. Langford (U.S. Navy). . . . — — Map (db m76587) HM
During the Federal retreat of Ball's Bluff, Lewis A. Bell, a free African American comp worker, may have been the first Black man to fire a gun in support of the Union Army.
According to the 1870 edition of History of Worcester in the War . . . — — Map (db m238588) HM
First Mt. Olive Methodist
Episcopal Church
1890
is registered as a
Virginia Historic Landmark
and placed on the
National Register of Historic Places
2005 — — Map (db m143136) HM
Westmoreland Davis managed all parts of Morven Park's operations, from its prized bulls to its green beans, with incredible care. In the early 1930s, he expanded the estate's gardens and began growing sweet corn, squash, beets, beans, onions, . . . — — Map (db m130067) HM
The Garden Dependency's exact date of construction is unknown, although several characteristics point to the early 1820s. The dependency shares the same type of mortar, brick, and unique roof framing system as the smokehouse. Physical . . . — — Map (db m195210) HM
Gen. George C. Marshall (1880-1959) and his wife, Katherine Tupper Marshall (1882-1978), purchased this early-19th-century house and its surrounding four acres in 1941. They lived here during the years of Marshall's great achievements as Army chief . . . — — Map (db m101758) HM
General George C.
Marshall House
Dodona Manor
Has Been Designated a
National Historic Landmark
This House Possesses National Significance
In Commemorating the History of the
United States of America
1996
National . . . — — Map (db m126605) HM
George Catlett Marshall
(1880-1959)
Born Union Town, Pennsylvania, educated at Virginia Military Institute, class of 1901, serving in the United States Army thereafter, resident of Leesburg, Virginia, 1941 to . . . — — Map (db m4962) HM
Half-acre Georgetown Park, in the heart of Downtown Leesburg, is named to honor the original name of this very town. The Town of Leesburg is steeped in history. The Iroquois tribe abandoned all lands east of the Blue Ridge Mountains following the . . . — — Map (db m258972) HM
This property has been
placed on the
National Register
Of Historic Places
by the United States
Department of Interior
Circa 1840 — — Map (db m114510) HM
A short distance West is the site of the “Chapel Above Goose Creek”, built by the vestry of Truro Parish in 1736. Augustine Washington, father of George Washington, was a member of the vestry at the time. This was the first church on the . . . — — Map (db m1213) HM
The Bluemont Branch of the Washington & Old Dominion was not the railroad’s only line. The Great Falls & Old Dominion Railroad arose in 1906 from the vision of two prominent men. Sen. Stephen B. Elkins of West Virginia had prospered through coal, . . . — — Map (db m2106) HM
The Greenhouse, built in 1810, illustrated George Carter's interest in contemporary horticultural practices and reflected his wealth. It is believed to be the second-oldest propagation greenhouse in the country. The south-facing glass wall . . . — — Map (db m195187) HM
National Museum of African American History and Culture
This "Hall of Heroes" is modeled after the architecture of the National Museum of African American History and Culture. This Smithsonian Institution museum is located on the National . . . — — Map (db m291554) HM
At Ball’s Bluff, near this town on the threshold of Virginia and the Confederacy, the invading army of the North was, on Oct. 21st 1861, utterly defeated and driven into the Potomac. This monument is erected to the memory of those who died in . . . — — Map (db m110685) HM WM
Highlights of History
Methodist Beginnings in Leesburg
🕀 Leesburg was a frontier crossroads in the early 1760s when a Methodist society was formed here. that society probably resulted from the preaching of Irish immigrant and . . . — — Map (db m214384) HM
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