This wall foundation of adobe bricks formed part of the Indian quarters built during the construction of the west wall of Mission San Antonio de Valero (the Alamo) in about 1750. During the Siege of the Alamo, February 23 to March 6, 1836, some of . . . — — Map (db m164441) HM
A native of South Carolina; came to San Antonio in 1835; was guide for Ben Mailam and other leaders in first attack on San Antonio by Texas Army, Dec. 1835. As Bexar Delegate, Maverick signed Texas declaration of Independence at . . . — — Map (db m30608) HM
San Antonio, Texas, has a rich, but complex history. Part of this history is the number of nations that held sovereignty over the area, beginning with Spain and ending with the United States. Stell's mural includes symbols-buildings and . . . — — Map (db m188657) HM
Conserving the Alamo Church means expert teamwork - and the excavation in front of you is a perfect example.
This unit is against the outside of the Alamo Church north wall. Guided by preservation experts, the archaeologists' goal is to expose . . . — — Map (db m188588) HM
A native of Tennessee, Susannah Dickinson and her husband, Almeron, settled in Gonzales, Texas in 1831. The couple had one daughter, Angelina, prior to the Texas Revolution. Living in San Antonio de Béxar in February 1836, the family took shelter in . . . — — Map (db m188533) HM
In commemoration of the
150th Anniversary of Texas Independence
and in honor of the
Tennessee Volunteers
who gave their lives at the Alamo
on March 6, 1836
the Citizens of Tennessee
present this Tennessee Homecoming Tree and Plaque . . . — — Map (db m30775) HM
This is the Long Barrack, the oldest building in San Antonio. It was built in 1724 as a convento or residence for priests and was originally part of the Mission San Antonio de Valero, now known as the Alamo. Since then it has been used as a . . . — — Map (db m30743) HM
The Alamo
Mission San Antonio de Valero - famed as The Alamo - founded 1718 by Spanish Missionaries. Secularized 1793. Garrison for Spanish Cavalry and Flying Company of San Carlos de Parras y Alamo. Between February 23 and March 6, 1836, . . . — — Map (db m156704) HM
In memory of the heroes who sacrificed
their lives at the Alamo, March 6, 1836,
in the defense of Texas.
“They chose never to surrender nor retreat.
These brave hearts, with flag still
proudly waving, perished in the flames
of . . . — — Map (db m30709) HM
Corrals for cattle and horses occupied this space during the famous 1836 Siege and Battle of the Alamo. Small fortifications provided cover for the Texans during the siege. The structures shown in the illustration are (left to right) the church, the . . . — — Map (db m30714) HM
The church of former Mission San Antonio de Valero had been converted into a powder magazine and artillery platform by the Mexican Army in the autumn of 1835 during the Siege of Béxar. Following the capture of the town in early December 1835, Texan . . . — — Map (db m30736) HM
The fortress known to history as “The Alamo” was originally built by the Spanish in the 18th Century. Named Mission San Antonio de Valero by Franciscan officials, the mission occupied this site from 1724 until it was closed in 1793. The mission . . . — — Map (db m30824) HM
One of the weakest points of the fortified former mission was an open space between the old church and the Low Barrack. During the Siege of Béxar, Mexican troops constructed a palisade, or double log-wall, to close the exposed area. The Texans . . . — — Map (db m30857) HM
1836 found the Texians struggling to organize a provisional government as a confident Santa Anna marched into San Antonio de Béxar and demanded that the Alamo garrison surrender. On March 6, Mexican troops attacked the Alamo, stormed its walls, and . . . — — Map (db m188690) HM
The wooden palisade was constructed by the Mexican Army in 1835, connecting the southwest corner of the Church and the eastern corner of the Low Barrack. This was an important fortification added to the Alamo in an area that was not protected . . . — — Map (db m227688) HM
Upon the death of his father in 1821, Stephen F. Austin brought American settlers to Texas. Mexico first encouraged immigration for colonists willing to become citizens under the Mexican Constitution of 1824. This democratic document gave power to . . . — — Map (db m188684) HM
William Barret Travis accomplished much before his death at the Alamo in 1836. A native of South Carolina, Travis was raised in Alabama where he taught school, edited a newspaper, and passed the bar all before turning 21. He moved to Texas in 1831 . . . — — Map (db m188530) HM
On this spot bodies of heroes slain at the Alamo were burned on a funeral pyre. Fragments of the bodies were afterward buried here. This tablet is the gift of relatives of Green B. Jemision and of other friends.
Second Marker
The De . . . — — Map (db m30589) HM
Right Panel Preeminent Hero of Texas A man of rare initiative and courage • Of a modest and winning personality A devoted friend • Born in Frankfort Kentucky in 1788 Soldier in the War of 1812
Back Panel Trader with the . . . — — Map (db m213076) WM
Captain of a Company of Infantry at San Jacinto Elected Colonel of Cavalry May 10, 1837 Born in Tennessee Sept. 12, 1812 Died at San Antonio Aug. 16, 1840 — — Map (db m179891) HM
An old legend describes this twin cypress as a lookout of a Mexican sniper who picked off the Texans as they came to the river for water. — — Map (db m119152) HM
While assembling troops preparatory to the attack on the Mexican garrison at San Antonio • • After his appointment on November 12 as commissioner to the United States, the Texans, under Colonels Ben Milam and Frank W. Johnson stormed and . . . — — Map (db m207943) HM
Served in the Texas Army 1836 • • Was Mayor of San Antonio, 1847 - 1849 and 1852 - 1853 • Born in New Hampshire, January 17, 1811 Died in San Antonio, May 13, 1869 — — Map (db m177381) HM
A descendant of early Texas colonists, including a veteran of San Jacinto, Clara Driscoll was born in Refugio County and grew up as a wealthy rancher's daughter. In 1903, soon after returning from school in Europe, she learned that the Long . . . — — Map (db m30130) HM
Served in the Army of Texas March 6, 1836 to November 16 1837 • Born in Swanton Vermont, September 4, 1815 Died April 15, 1876 Erected by the State of Texas — — Map (db m237182) HM
Native South Carolinian, pioneer doctor and editor, Republic of Texas Congressman, twice State Senator, Jack Hay's adjutant in War with Mexico, fearless Ranger Captain in border and Indian campaigns, Confederate colonel, Mayor of Austin and . . . — — Map (db m163782) HM
August Beisenbach, city clerk of San Antonio states that when he was an 8 year old boy playing on the Alameda (Commerce St.) he witnessed the exhuming of bodies or remains consisting of bones and fragments of bones, of victims of the siege of The . . . — — Map (db m163441) HM
Alejo de la Encarnación Pérez, infant son of Maria Juana Navarro Pérez, was the youngest known survivor of the 1836 Battle of the Alamo. From 1861 to 1864 Alejo served in the Confederate Army. After the Civil War he served the city of San Antonio in . . . — — Map (db m201644) HM
A Veteran of San Jacinto
Born in San Antonio
1797
Died November 1. 1879
His Wife Teresa Ramon Menchaca
Born in July, 1796
Died February 7, 1874 — — Map (db m201642) HM WM
Veteran in the Texas War for Independence 1835 - 1836 One of the Storming Party Who Entered Bexar December 5, 1835 an Honored Citizen Soldier and Ranger of Texas — — Map (db m201639) HM
A Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence Born in San Antonio February 27, 1795 Died January 13, 1871 His Wife Margarita de la Garza Navarro Born October 17, 1801 Died July 8, 1861 — — Map (db m201641) HM WM
A Veteran of San Jacinto, and three of his companions were killed by Indians, as were seven members of a rescue party on the following day — — Map (db m201633) HM
A guide to the Texas Army 1835 • • Born in San Antonio, February, 1815 • • Died September 8, 1894 His Wife Micaela J. Olivarri Born June 10, 1844 Died May 5, 1917 — — Map (db m201645) HM WM
Near this site on Nov. 26, 1835, occurred the Grass Fight, one of the least decisive but certainly most unusual battles of the Texas War for Independence. For more than a month, the Texan forces, composed of both Anglo- and Mexican-Texans, had . . . — — Map (db m201636) HM
In 1810, Don Jose Miguel de Arciniega (1793- 1849), a maker of Texas, entered the Spanish military at the age of 17. After the Mexican War for Independence in 1821, Arciniega held many municipal posts, including San Antonio Alcalde in 1830 and . . . — — Map (db m213308) HM
Built in 1810. On Jan. 22, 1811, Captain Juan Bautista de las Casas recruited forces here for first overthrow of Spanish rule in Texas by arresting governor, and other high officials.
On March 2, 1811, Juan Zambrano led counter revolutionary . . . — — Map (db m213309) HM
Great early San Antonio leader, a native of North Carolina. Moved to Illinois, then to Missouri, where he was sheriff of Rawls County in 1824. Came to Texas with Green DeWitt in 1826 and settled at Gonzales.
Smith moved to San Antonio in 1828 . . . — — Map (db m82880) HM
La Villita, “The Little Village”, settled about 1722 as “The Town of the Alamo". Here General Martin de Perfecto Cos signed the Articles of Capitulation to Texians December 11, 1835 and General Santa Anna's artillery battery . . . — — Map (db m82886) HM
The Ruiz House, built around 1745 originally stood at what is now 420 Dolorosa Street facing north on Military Plaza. It was occupied in about 1760 by a tailor, Juan Manuel Ruiz, who had come to San Antonio from Spain. José Francisco Ruiz, for whom . . . — — Map (db m239099) HM
The administrative government of Bexar County, besides being the oldest in Texas, is distinguished by having served under nine governments. The community served under Spanish rule from May, 1718, until January, 1811, when it was taken over by . . . — — Map (db m53972) HM
Here stood the early Court House, City Council Room, etc., and where occurred the Indian Massacre in 1840, and where the Court was captured in 1842. De Zavala Daughters of the Heroes of Texas. 1924. — — Map (db m142413) HM
One of two native Texans who signed Declaration of Independence and helped found Republic of Texas.
Ruiz, born in San Antonio, son of a wealthy rancher, was educated in Spain. Upon returning home, he was appointed school teacher by order of the . . . — — Map (db m130094) HM
During the Main Plaza renovation in 2007, archaeologists discovered remnants of a military fortification underneath this street. This entrenchment would have been part of San Antonio's defense against attacks during the turbulent revolutionary . . . — — Map (db m30214) HM
Born in San Antonio; descendant of Frenchman who settled in Mexico before 1714. Always a civic leader, helped found first public school in San Antonio, 1812.
Went (1821) with Juan M. Veramendi to escort Austin Colony leaders to Bexar, and . . . — — Map (db m118112) HM
Here 56 Texans gathered in home of Samuel A. Maverick, Sept. 11, 1842, to defend city in surprise attack of 1800 Mexicans under Gen. Adrian Woll. Maverick and 52 others were captured and marched to Perote in southern Mexico. On March 30, 1843, . . . — — Map (db m118096) HM
The remains of the Alamo Heroes
are entombed in the chapel at the
left-hand side of the entrance to
this cathedral
Visitors Welcome — — Map (db m30343) HM
Erected on this site in 1734 for prominent Bexar citizens Geronimo and Javiera Cantu de la Garza, the de la Garza family home was designed by Geronimo's brother-in-law Pedro Flores Valdez. The complex occupied an entire city block and was crafted . . . — — Map (db m118527) HM
On site chosen July 2, 1731, for "government houses" by people of San Fernando de Bexar, including newly-arrived settlers from the Canary Islands. Structure, erected 1742, had to be rebuilt in 1779 by Don Jose Antonio Curbelo, alcalde of the Villa . . . — — Map (db m20332) HM
1810
Beginning on September 16, 1810, with a call to arms delivered by Fr. Miguel Hidalgo, Mexican patriots in all parts of New Spain, including Texas, fought for independence from Spain.
1813
Of the several battles between . . . — — Map (db m214584) HM
First of four major engagements of the War for Texas Independence, this sanguinary battle ended a siege of six weeks. The assault began at dawn, Dec. 5. 300 volunteers (Texans, Mexicans, and Americans) under Cols. Frank W. Johnson and Benjamin R. . . . — — Map (db m30211) HM
Mexico’s last invasion of the Republic of Texas alarmed San Antonio on Sept. 11, 1842, when Gen. Adrian Woll and 1300 troops struck the city from the west.
Awakened by booming cannon, 56 Texians (including judge, jurors, and citizens in town to . . . — — Map (db m30325) HM
Samuel McCulloch, Jr. (1810-1893), wounded at the Battle of Goliad October 9, 1835, was one of the first casualties of the Texas Revolution. This site is part of land he received in 1850 as a bounty for his service. The oldest marked grave is that . . . — — Map (db m179924) HM
Decisive in Texas history, was fought here, September 18, 1842. Col. Mathew Caldwell and Capt. John C. Hays, commanding a force of Texas volunteers, opposed the Mexican Army under General Adrian Woll that had captured San Antonio, and with the loss . . . — — Map (db m128119) HM
Occurred in this vicinity on September 18, 1842 when Captain Nicholas Mosby Dawson and 53 men from La Grange, in attempting to join Captain Mathew Caldwell (Old Paint) and his company of Texas volunteers during the Battle of the Salado, were . . . — — Map (db m85981) HM
Came to Texas 1829. Served in Battles of Anahuac and San Jacinto in Texas War for Independence and the Indian, Mexican and Civil Wars. Born Natchez, Miss., Married Mary Ann Sawyer 1850. Prominent in Civic and Public Affairs.
Recorded - . . . — — Map (db m163736) HM
Came from South Carolina to Texas in 1834. Served in Battle of San Jacinto in Texas War for Independence, 1836. Was one of a party with Deaf Smith that destroyed Vince's bridge near Pasadena. This deed may have kept Santa Anna's army from retreat . . . — — Map (db m177129) HM
Son of Alamo defender Gregorio Esparza, 11-year old Enrique, his mother, two brothers and sister were present at the seige by the Mexican Army (Feb 23 - March 6, 1836). Hidden in a pile of hay, the youth saw his father fall and witnessed the heroic . . . — — Map (db m208260) HM
Erected by the State of Texas to Commemorate the Heroic Deeds of
Captain Richard Andrews Born in Sandersville Georgia in 1800. Fell at the Battle of Concepcion October 28, 1835.
The first sacrifice in the War of Texas Independence. Son . . . — — Map (db m216417) HM
Having Lost The Opening Skirmishes of the Texas Revolution at Gonzales and Goliad, the Mexican Army in Texas consolidated in San Antonio in October 1835. Texan troops also advanced to San Antonio and camped on the outskirts of town. On the . . . — — Map (db m216327) HM
Started in 1840's; still used by founding families. Graves include those of Texas patriots Francisco Antonio Ruiz, 1836 acting mayor, whose father and cousin signed Declaration of Independence; and Blas Herrera, who alerted the Alamo defenders to . . . — — Map (db m179892) HM
Born in Kentucky. Moved to Texas in 1833. In Texas Revolution he fought in Siege of Bexar (1835) and Battle of San Jacinto (1836). In 1842 took part in Somervell expedition against Mexico.
Resided at Washington-on-the-Brazos; present Kendall . . . — — Map (db m194072) HM
Tennessee native Roden Taylor Crain, a member of Capt. William Kimbro's company of San Augustine County volunteers, was a soldier in the struggle for Texas Independence from Mexico. He fought at the Battle of San Jacinto on April 21, 1836, and later . . . — — Map (db m233706) HM
Named for James Bowie (1799-1836), who fought for Texas freedom from 1819, when he joined the Long Expedition, to 1836 — when he died in defense of the Alamo.
Inhabited before 1800 by agricultural Indians, charted 1819 for . . . — — Map (db m96141) HM
Front
Hero of the Alamo
"They never fail who
die in a just cause"
Love of adventure
brought the young
South Carolinian to
Texas with James Long
in 1819. Romance made
of him a Mexican
citizen and won for
him in San . . . — — Map (db m96572) HM
Robert James Calder was born in 1810 to James H. and Jane E. (Caldwell) Calder in Baltimore, Maryland. His father died when he was a child, and Robert and his mother moved to Kentucky, where he was raised in part by his mother's family. They moved . . . — — Map (db m120660) HM
Kentucky native Albert Sidney Johnston graduated from the U.S. Military Academy at West Point in 1826. He was assigned to posts in New York and Missouri, and served in the Black Hawk War in 1832. He resigned his commission in 1834 to return to . . . — — Map (db m91921) HM
(South Face of Monument)
Henry Smith was born in Kentucky, May Twentieth 1788, came to Texas in 1827 and settled in what is now Brazoria County which he regarded as his home until his death. He was severely wounded in the Battle of . . . — — Map (db m90101) HM
Participated in the Battle of Velasco, 1832 · Member of the Convention of Texas, 1832 · President of the Convention of 1833 · Minister of the United States, 1836-1837 · Member of the 5th Congress of the Republic · Born in Virginia, 1806 · Died . . . — — Map (db m172703) HM
Emigrated to Texas from Missouri in 1827 as an Austin Colonist • Participated in the Battle of Velasco, 1832 • Five of his sons were in the Army of Texas in 1836 • Born May 14, 1786 • Died in December, 1833
Erected by the State of Texas . . . — — Map (db m158869) HM
Born in Massachusetts. Came to Texas in 1831. Served in Texas Revolution at Siege of Bexar as Wagonmaster for Stephen F. Austin, "Father of Texas". Stole the bells of Mission Concepcion (Property of Mexico, Texas' enemy) to melt into bullets. Also . . . — — Map (db m158873) HM
John Sweeny, Sr. (d. 1855) moved his family from Tennessee to Brazoria County, Texas, about 1833. With the help of slaves, he cleared his land and established a large plantation. This log cabin, originally located about 9 miles southwest of this . . . — — Map (db m49709) HM
A structure erected in noted old river port town of Marion in Republic of Texas era. First portion, of hand-hewn cedar, was built about 1835 by colonist Thomas W. Nibbs. Merchant-civic leader-soldier Ammon Underwood (1810-87) bought and enlarged . . . — — Map (db m49707) HM
Erected by the State of Texas in memory of Colonel Robert M. Coleman
Signer of the Texas Declaration of Independence
Aide-de-Camp to General Sam Houston at San Jacinto
Colonel of the First Regiment of Texas Rangers
Born in Kentucky in . . . — — Map (db m173991) HM
Landing place of the "Lively" First vessel bringing immigrants to Austin's colony in 1821. There the Battle of Velasco, between Texas colonists and Mexican troops, was fought June 26, 1832. A treaty of peace between Texas and Mexico was signed . . . — — Map (db m167496) HM
One of oldest Texas towns. Port of entry for over 25,000 settlers, 1821-1835. Scene of first armed conflict leading to Texas Revolution, 1832. In mid-1800s, resort place for wealthy plantation families. Declined after the Civil War and 1875 . . . — — Map (db m167498) HM
A Republic of Texas soldier during War for Independence. Born in Edgefield, S. C.; came to Texas in 1835. Entering army, he fought in famed victory of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836. He received headright and bounty lands in Brazoria, San Patricio, . . . — — Map (db m173108) HM
Born in Missouri. Rode a mule to Texas in 1831 to join his uncle, Stephen F. Austin, Father of Texas. A private in Texas War for Independence. Legislator, congressman, member of Texas Secession Convention. Enlisted as a private in the Civil War, but . . . — — Map (db m53084) HM
Adjutant of the Texas army in Battle of Velasco, June 26, 1832. Wounded there, he was guarding civilians at time Texas won independence in Battle of San Jacinto, April 21, 1836.
A bosom friend of Stephen F. Austin, Caldwell received land . . . — — Map (db m90590) HM
In Texas War for Independence, joined Matamoros expedition of January 1836. In detachment that captured horses of Gen. Urrea of Mexican army, Brown was made captive in a counterattack, and spent 11 months in prison in Mexico, but finally escaped. . . . — — Map (db m90602) HM
Grandson of Moses Austin, whose dream of Anglo-American colony changed course of Texas history.
Came to Texas with his mother and stepfather in 1831; served in Texas army from 1835 to 1838. A highly successful planter, he was instrumental in . . . — — Map (db m111119) HM
After the Battle of San Jacinto, the ad interim government of the new Republic of Texas first convened in this building, also known as the American Hotel, and met with the imprisoned Santa Anna.
George B. Erath, later a San Jacinto veteran . . . — — Map (db m243670) HM
During the beginning of the Texas Revolution, a naval force was quickly assembled, based out of Quintana and Velasco.
Even before Texas declared its independence, in late 1835 the provisional Texian government adopted laws to create a . . . — — Map (db m246942) HM
The Texas Revolutionary Army built an artillery battery near this spot in early 1836, guarding the entrance of the Brazos River for the new Republic of Texas.
The fort existed for several years, through at least 1840: ... had an old . . . — — Map (db m243676) HM
After the Battle of San Jacinto, Santa Anna was held prisoner here and negotiated with the ad interim government of the new Republic of Texas at the nearby American Hotel.
Held prisoner with Santa Anna were several of his officers, . . . — — Map (db m244328) HM
First vessel with emigrants to Austin's colony landed here December 23, 1821.
The Battle of Velasco was fought here June 26, 1832.
Public and secret treaties of peace between the Republic of Texas and General Santa Anna were signed here . . . — — Map (db m237185) HM
An important cause of the Texas Revolution occurred right here on the beach at the mouth of the Brazos River.
The San Felipe was a schooner of the Quintana trading firm McKinney, Williams & Company. Having foreknowledge of "Mexican . . . — — Map (db m246033) HM
Here was fought a battle -- the first collision in arms between Texas colonists and the Mexican military -- a conflict preliminary to the Texas War for Independence.
On June 26, 1832, when Texans under John Austin and Henry Smith came down . . . — — Map (db m244208) HM
• Ratified the constitution
• Appointed committees
• Provided for protection from Indians
• Provided for the army and navy
• Created the judicial branch
• Created the postal department
• Created the land office
• Established a . . . — — Map (db m164582) HM
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