"Nibbles," a Montanoceratops cerorynchus, was a small plant eating dinosaur from the late cretaceous period. The species is about 68 million years old and was discovered in 1942 in the St. Mary River Formation in North . . . — — Map (db m143859) HM
The Lewis and Clark Expedition was sailing when it passed by here!
We set out at a early hour this morning and proceed on principally by the chord untill about 9 A.M. when a fine breeze sprung up for the S.E. and enabled us though . . . — — Map (db m161037) HM
From 38 to 30 million years ago, great herds of rhinoceros-like herbivores, called Megacerops, roamed this part of Montana. Megacerops, also known as Brontotheres, were massive animals. Classified as Perissodactyla, Megacerops had three . . . — — Map (db m213356) HM
From 38 to 30 million years ago, great herds of rhinoceros-like herbivores, called Megacerops, roamed this part of Montana. Megacerops, also known as Brontotheres, were massive animals. Classified as Perissodactyla, Megacerops had three . . . — — Map (db m282647) HM
The black shale rocks seen in this area represent the muddy sediments deposited by the last ocean to exist in Montana. The shale, known by geologists as the Bearpaw Shale contains fossils of sea-going creatures that lived and died some 70 million . . . — — Map (db m9697) HM
Between the time dinosaurs went went extinct 65 million years ago, and the beginning of the Ice Age, some 2 million years ago, is a time called the Age of Mammals. During this period of time the western third of Montana experienced a variety of . . . — — Map (db m141642) HM
Imagine you are a time traveler and have the opportunity to visit this area 25,000 years ago. You would recognize the Rocky Mountains to the west. The igneous and heavily glaciated Sweetgrass Hills loom on the horizon far to the north. The last of . . . — — Map (db m161477)
Many of the rangelands in this valley still look largely as they did even before the Lewis and Clark Expedition walked here. Yet people and animals have traveled through and use the lands around you since prehistoric times. Montana Highway 41, and . . . — — Map (db m193129) HM
Its difficult to believe now, but 65 million years ago the middle of this continent was a shallow sea. The area, when not underwater, was part of a hot, humid subtropical coastline of marshes, rivers and river deltas bearing dense . . . — — Map (db m153275) HM
During the last ice age about 15,000 years ago, an enormous glacier pushed down from British Columbia and blocked the Clark Fork River in northern Idaho. The glacier functioned as an ice dam creating the largest glacial lake known to have existed, . . . — — Map (db m123059) HM
Imagine a world very different than we know today. About 1.5 billion years ago during the Precambrian Era, the earth's environment was desolate, with no trees, fish, animals or birds. Shallow seas with extensive near-shore flats were fed by streams . . . — — Map (db m123024) HM
The black-capped bluffs located on the east side of the Yellowstone River are called Hepburn's Mesa. The mesa is capped by a basalt lava flow the erupted from a small local volcano vent that has long since eroded away. Geologically, the lava flow is . . . — — Map (db m191798) HM
About 65 million years ago, the Western Interior Seaway receded as the Rocky Mountains rose, pushing the shoreline further east. Great rivers meandered through the coastal plain in a warm and humid climate, depositing sediment which would later . . . — — Map (db m189211)
The Fort Union Formation was deposited not long after the dinosaur extinction, about 65 million years ago. Rivers originating in mountains to the west and south carried abundant sediment to the nearby shallow inland sea to the east, crossing the . . . — — Map (db m142979) HM
About 65 million years ago, the inland sea receded as the Rocky Mountains rose, pushing the shoreline further east. Great rivers meandered through the coastal plain in a warm and humid climate, depositing sediment which would later become known as . . . — — Map (db m164492) HM
For over sixty million years during the Cretaceous Period, much of eastern Montana was underwater, covered by an vast inland sea. As the Rocky Mountains formed to the west, it created a broad, flat coastal plain that was home to many different . . . — — Map (db m190925) HM
About 150 million years ago, during late Jurassic times, dinosaurs ruled the earth. Much of Montana was underwater, part of an arm of an inland sea that extended southward from the Arctic Ocean. Distinct wet and dry seasons characterized the . . . — — Map (db m191043) HM
About 150 million years ago, during late Jurassic times, dinosaurs ruled the earth. Much of Montana was underwater, part of an arm of an inland sea that extended southward from the Arctic Ocean. Distinct wet and dry seasons characterized the . . . — — Map (db m191045) HM
In 1978, rock - shop owner Marion Brandvold found a group of small bones that paleontologists Jack Horner and Bob Makela later identified as baby bones belonging to a new species of duck-billed dinosaur. Horner and Makela named the new species . . . — — Map (db m220206) HM
For thousands of years, northern Montana was covered under massive ice sheets. Glaciologists aren't sure why the ice ages began, but the process of glaciation is known because of the mark it leaves on the landscape. About 190,000 years ago, . . . — — Map (db m142928) HM
The town of Harlowton is located in the Fort Union Geological Formation, which was created about 65 million years ago, shortly after the dinosaur extinction. This once shallow inland sea was formed from rivers originating in the southwestern . . . — — Map (db m188865) HM
Montana is famous for its dinosaur fossils. Paleontologists have discovered seventy-five different species of dinosaurs in Montana, more than any other state in America. The oldest dinosaur fossils are found in rocks of the Jurassic Period, which . . . — — Map (db m163385) HM
Toadstool’s Trackway Imagine miniature rhinos, pig-like animals,
giant tortoises, and tiny horses traveling the
plains before you. These are just a few of the
animals that came here to hunt, rest, and
drink from the wide
shallow . . . — — Map (db m174506) HM
Explore the badlands and unique geologic formations
of Toadstool Park. A one-mile trail leads you through
the heart of the ancient rocks, fossil
remains, and trackways left by the
mammals who thrived here
34 million years ago.
Exploring . . . — — Map (db m185759) HM
While lost and searching for missing horses, George Shannon had missed many adventures and some wonderful food — as soon as the men found Shannon, they were eager to share their stories. During those sixteen days, the men were feasting on fish and . . . — — Map (db m313300) HM
Mammoths roamed Nebraska's grasslands for more than one million years before mysteriously disappearing between 11,000 and 10,000 years ago. These extinct relatives of today's elephants were the largest mammals ever to walk the Great Plains. Adult . . . — — Map (db m54358) HM
“Once in the sun-fierce badlands of the west in that strange country of volcanic ash and cones, . . . we found a sabertooth, most ancient cat, far down in all those cellars of dead time.”From The Innocent Assassins by . . . — — Map (db m89174) HM
The face of this cliff reveals a chronology of geologic events as well as clues about animals and habitat.
Halfway up the cliff face are a series of vertical spiral shapes. First called "devil's corkscrews" (Daemonelix) by local ranchers, these . . . — — Map (db m202240) HM
Nineteen million years ago this was a waterhole in the midst of a wide, shallow river valley. Vegetation was sparse. Occasional clouds of volcanic dust thickened the air and extreme drought conditions prevailed. This waterhole was the lifeblood for . . . — — Map (db m202255) HM
In 1981 while excavating a nearby hill, Dr. Robert Hunt of the University of Nebraska uncovered a large carnivore den complex. The dens had been mainly inhabited by wolf-sized animals called beardogs, the largest carnivores in existence 19 million . . . — — Map (db m202267) HM
Harold J. Cook, son of James H. Cook, built this homestead cabin in the early 1900s. He called it East Agate, or "the lower ranch." Fearful that the Carnegie Museum was about to claim the land, his homestead established ownership rights for the Cook . . . — — Map (db m202245) HM
Unlike the shallow bank exposed at University Hill, this end of the waterhole had a steep bank about three feet high. Here in the deeper part of the waterhole, thick deposits of undisturbed bones were found, including about twenty chalicotheres . . . — — Map (db m202261) HM
Between 1891 and 1904, research teams from the University of Nebraska and the Carnegie Museum excavated many of the Daemonelix spirals. At first thought to be the fossil remains of gigantic plants, they were later identified as the . . . — — Map (db m202243) HM
This rock face cuts through the shallow north bank of the waterhole. The contorted sediment layers were produced by the feet of mammals walking through the waterhole. The thin white mud layer records several such footprints or tracks. The viscous . . . — — Map (db m202254) HM
The Fossil Hills Trail leads to the historic location
where a number of quarries were excavated into the Agate bonebed. At University Hill, a hillside cut exposes the bank of a shallow waterhole that existed here 19 million years ago. At . . . — — Map (db m227832) HM
The 1904-1923 excavations took place on this trail around University and Carnegie Hills. The trail along the hillsides is at the same level as the waterhole bonebed. Many large bonebed slabs were excavated from this level.
Those excavations . . . — — Map (db m202259) HM
This is the southwestern edge of the prehistoric waterhole. The bones of an ancient two-horned rhinoceros called Menoceras were found in enormous numbers during the excavations conducted here. It is believed that these rhinoceroses were . . . — — Map (db m202263) HM
Behind this ridge is the site of Quarry A, the first scientific excavation conducted at Agate. In 1904, Olaf Peterson of the Carnegie Museum of Pittsburgh found fossil bones of many rhinoceroses, most of them from the large, heavy-bodied . . . — — Map (db m202258) HM
During this time of scientific exploration, other gatherings took place at James Cook's Agate Springs Ranch. Red Cloud, an Oglala Lakota leader, and many of his friends and family often made the 150-mile trip by wagon to visit from the Pine Ridge . . . — — Map (db m202252) HM
An immense geologic record of the earth's activity is exposed in
this region of the Great Plains. Ninety million years ago, this area
was a vast inland sea. Seventy five million years ago, the uplifts
of the Rocky Mountains and Black Hills caused . . . — — Map (db m174949) HM
The hills held ancient secrets for paleontologists. The two hills in the distance don’t look like anything special. Even up close the untrained eye will see nothing astounding. But a sandstone layer near the bases of the hills has yielded one . . . — — Map (db m62064) HM
Lancaster, founded in 1763, lies on the bed of glacial Lake Coos, formed as the glaciers receded 14,000 years ago. Today, the Connecticut, an American Heritage River, flows along the bottom of the ancient lake.
You stand at a gateway to The . . . — — Map (db m75697) HM
Millions of years ago, the borasaurus roamed this area, It was similar in size to a T-Rex but with a large drill like horn on its head. It was his constant sharpening of this horn that produced such a smooth hole in this granite boulder. This rare . . . — — Map (db m97311) HM
The ginkgo was brought to North America in 1784 as an exotic ornamental, or so the people thought. Recent studies of the fossil record indicate the ginkgo was once abundant on the North American continent but has disappeared everywhere except for . . . — — Map (db m190894) HM
In a marl pit on the John E. Hopkins farm in October 1858, the world’s first nearly complete dinosaur skeleton was unearthed by William Parker Foulke. The find was adjacent to this point. This was also the first dinosaur skeleton to ever be mounted. . . . — — Map (db m29239) HM
Commemorates the Historic Discovery by William Parker Foulke in Haddonfield, New Jersey, 1858 Historic Fossil The 1858 find was the most complete dinosaur skeleton unearthed anywhere in the world up until that time. It was the first that . . . — — Map (db m114425) HM
William Cutter House
Built at the end of the 18th century, this farm house at 115 Amboy Avenue was the home of William Cutter (1778-1838), father of successful clay magnate, Hampton Cutter (1811-82). William Cutter’s great-grandfather, Richard . . . — — Map (db m125780) HM
In 1881 David Baldwin discovered small fossilized bones
on what is now Ghost Ranch. He mailed the bones to
paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope in Philadelphia. Cope had been through the area in the late 1870s and had urged Baldwin to explore and . . . — — Map (db m75212) HM
Welcome to Altamont, a Long Path Trail Town
About the Long Path
The Long Path is a long-distance hiking trail connecting New York City with the Adirondack Park. This unique trail offers hikers a challenging and rewarding . . . — — Map (db m308770) HM
The Cohoes Mastodont was discovered during the excavation for Harmony Mill #3 in 1866. The mill is sometimes referred to as the "Mastodon Mill" for this reason. When all the bones were recovered, they were kept at the Harmony Mills Office on . . . — — Map (db m41622) HM
In Memory of
those Pioneer Geologists
whose researches in the
Helderbergs from 1819 to 1850
made this region classic
ground. Among them
Amos Eaton · the John Gebhards Sr. & Jr. · James Hall · William W. Mather · Lardner Vanuxem · James . . . — — Map (db m291636) HM
In Colonial Times An
Indian Trail Ascended
The Helderberg Cliffs
At This Point From The
Lowlands To The East
State Ed Dept 1932
Friends of Thacher Park 2014
— — Map (db m77125) HM
At this site, on September 14, 1914, this park was formally dedicated in memory of John Boyd Thacher. His widow, Emma Treadwell Thacher, donated the 350 acres to the state of New York to be preserved as a public park. The Thachers, whose summer home . . . — — Map (db m77243) HM
These towering trees, the result of a great 20th-century botanical discovery continue to fuel scientific study.
In Japan in 1941, paleobotanist Shigeru Miki (1901-74) discovered a conifer genus preserved in fossils that had been . . . — — Map (db m275611) HM
Long thought extinct, the dawn redwood was known only from fossil evidence until July 21, 1943, when Chinese forester Chan Wang found a living tree growing in Moudao, Sichuan.
The specimen in front of you—grown from wild-collected seeds . . . — — Map (db m315679) HM
The historic Arsenal is one of two buildings in Central Park predating the park. It was designed by esteemed architect Martin T. Thompson (1786-1877) and built between 1847 and 1851 by the State of New York as a storage repository for the storage . . . — — Map (db m137070) HM
Grimes Glen Home of the oldest fossil tree found and mounted by D. Dana Luther, Naples, N.Y. Now in State Education building, Albany, N.Y. — — Map (db m125503) HM
1st U.S. Science expedition remains exhibited London & Amer. philosoph. Society, Philadelphia. Dig Painted by Charles W. Peale, 1810. — — Map (db m49822) HM
This root system of the Gilboa Fern Tree
(Eospermatopteris) was found by Kristen
VH Wyckoff after the flood of 1996. It was
dragged out of the banks of the Schoharie
Creek by Lester Parker and donated
to the Town of Gilboa. — — Map (db m259517) HM
This exhibit is the only visible proof of the other, ancient world that lies hidden beneath the landscape.
380 million years ago, Gilboa was located on the shore of the inland Catskill Sea. This was a tropical world, situated about twenty . . . — — Map (db m153153) HM
The Bird Homestead provides a rare glimpse into 19th century life on a small family farmstead in a thriving maritime village. This outstanding Greek Revival house, circa 1835, has survived intact, along with several farm buildings. Owned by one . . . — — Map (db m193149) HM
During the Triassic Period, 220 million years ago, continental plates began to move apart and rip holes in the Earth's crust. The result was a large lake in the fissure that stretched from what today is modern Morrisville to Chapel Hill. Over time, . . . — — Map (db m232916) HM
Layers in Time From this vantage point the colorful layers of the badlands are very apparent. Individual layers can be traced for miles across the buttes in the distance. What caused the rocks to form this way? Many millions of years ago, a sea . . . — — Map (db m282247) HM
Stegosaurus Stenops
Nickname: "Dale
Unlike other dinosaurs represented here, Stegosaurus lived during the Late Jurassic period, more than 145 million years ago. McCauley created this sculpture at COSI in June 2016. . . . — — Map (db m296333) HM
Triceratops Horridus
Nickname: "Roland"
Triceratops lived during the Late Cretaceous period, more than 66 million years ago. It used its horns to attract mates. McCauley welded these parts together in snow and . . . — — Map (db m296332) HM
Dominion Land Company Mound
An Early Woodlands Period Structure
In the early 1800s, Prosper Wetmore wrote about his childhood
memories of native mounds in the ravine area of Northwestern
Clinton Township. At that time, he recalled two . . . — — Map (db m108853) HM
Dedication
Mr. & Mrs. R.L. and Ellen Trammel celebrated their 58th wedding anniversary on the dedication of this park, September 29, 2003. It has been restored as an educational resource to accommodate the wishes of the Trammel family.
This . . . — — Map (db m283647) HM
Around 1867, along the shale cliffs of the lakeshore of Sheffield Lake, Jay Terrell found fossils of a "terrible fish" later named in his honor as Dinichthys Terrelli. This animal, now known as Dunkleosteus terrelli, was a massive arthrodire (an . . . — — Map (db m67502) HM
Centennial Terrace and Quarry. In 1931, the France Stone Company ceased operations. Robert Burge leased 19 acres of the site for recreational swimming and opened Centennial Quarry in 1934. Five years later, Burge and associates opened . . . — — Map (db m94772) HM
Wisconsin age glacial deposits of clay silt soils cover dolomite limestone bedrock in this area.
Geologists tell us that this limestone bedrock was created 400 million years ago during the Silurian
Geologic age: During this age the area we now . . . — — Map (db m166629) HM
About 14,000 years ago, the last glacier receded from this area. Mastodons, mammoths, and giant beavers, roamed the region. The ancestors of American Indians arrived in Ohio during this time. These Paleoindians were hunters and gatherers. By 800 BC, . . . — — Map (db m136902) HM
The Cranberry Prairie, southwest of this marker, is a part of Ohio's natural history. The place was named for the cranberries that grew in a swamp here prior to drainage of the area. The Cranberry Prairie was created by centuries of peat . . . — — Map (db m239064) HM
Miamisburg Mound, the largest conical earthwork in Ohio, originally was sixty-eight feet high with a diameter of three hundred feet. One excavating attempt in 1869 reduced the height to its present sixty-five feet. The mound was then partially . . . — — Map (db m166080) HM
This is the highest and largest of the many conical burial mounds in Ohio. Erected in prehistoric times by the so-called Mound Builders. It stands as an imposing memorial to those first Ohioans.
The mound is 70 feet in height; 877 feet in . . . — — Map (db m164256) HM
Late Jurassic (160 million years ago) • China • Fish • 5-foot wingspan
Fast Facts
Just one Angustinaripterus fossil has ever been found: a skull discovered in the 1980s. This pterosaur had large, interlocking teeth at the front of its . . . — — Map (db m248633) HM
Late Cretaceous (95 million years ago), 1,650 lbs., Australia, Other dinosaurs, 7 feet, 18 feet
Fast Fact
Unlike many dinosaurs, Australovenator had flexible arms and could hold its prey up to its mouth for easy feeding. . . . — — Map (db m248632) HM
Early Jurassic (193 million years ago), 550 lbs., United States, Other dinosaurs & fish, 6 feet, 20 feet
Fast Facts
In the film Jurassic Park, Dilophosaurus was depicted with a retractable frill and the ability to spit venom. However, . . . — — Map (db m248600) HM
Late Cretaceous (75 million years ago) • 35 lbs. • Canada & the United States • Other dinosaurs • 3 feet, 6 feet
Fast Facts
Dromaeosaurus had a large "killing claw" on each foot that helped it take down prey. • This dinosaur's long . . . — — Map (db m248634) HM
Indian Trail Caverns, first opened in 1927, is one of many caves that occur on the dolomite ridge traversed by State Route 568 in Wyandot and Hancock counties. Sheriden Cave, a karst sinkhole associated with the caverns, was discovered in 1989. It . . . — — Map (db m93656) HM
Imagine the Black Mesa as a giant book lying on its side.
Each layer of rock is a different chapter in geologic history. The basalt cap on top is the most recent chapter - it's less than 5 million years old. As you go down, each deeper . . . — — Map (db m247123) HM
This building stands as an expression of the belief by the university family that ethnic and cultural diversity is a source of the strength of this institution. It is named in honor of two distinguished professors at the University of Oklahoma, Dr. . . . — — Map (db m276900) HM
In 1899 the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature created a natural history museum to preserve Oklahoma’s rich heritage. More than 100 years later, the Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History was built to protect the museum’s priceless . . . — — Map (db m143652) HM
Small discoveries reveal the past. Three spear points found near the ribs of an imperial mammoth in Oklahoma suggest that people lived here at the end of the last Ice Age.
Archaeologists believe that these nomadic people traveled from one . . . — — Map (db m194467) HM
Did you know that dinosaurs once lived in Oklahoma? A long time ago there were different plants and animals all over the state. One of the animals was the Saurophaganax Maximus, which roughly means "ruler of the lizard eaters." It is now the . . . — — Map (db m174619) HM
The blacksmith shop was one of the most important areas of the ranch. Built in 1911, the blacksmith shop on the ranch was used to produce objects from the mundane to decorative. On the ranch, blacksmiths were responsible for shoeing horses, . . . — — Map (db m266198) HM
Native people call this cape Daa-ghvsh-ne’. European
explorers noted the landmark because of its elevation rising 668 feet above the Pacific Ocean; the name Cape San Sebastian was later given in 1603 by Spanish
explorer Sabastian Vizciano. In the . . . — — Map (db m304196) HM
“What is it that urges a man to risk his life in these precipitous fossil beds? I can answer only for myself, but with me there were two motives, the desire to add to human knowledge, which has been a great motive all my life, and the . . . — — Map (db m114115) HM
Marker 1 Shows an overview map of the National Monument with other points of interest.
Marker 2 Like Icing on a Cake. "Between 16.6 million and 15 million years ago, eastern Oregon sat above the nascent Yellowstone hot spot's . . . — — Map (db m108677) HM
The history of the west is linked with the idea of finding a new home in a challenging land. We call it homesteading.
During the Pleistocene epoch, homesteaders in the Fort Rock Basin were mammoths, camels, horses, flamingos, and . . . — — Map (db m113604) HM
A rock or boulder carried from its original source by an act of nature is called an erratic. This granite erratic was deposited near Harrisburg, Oregon about 12,000 years ago. Geologists say it was carried there by an iceberg during the . . . — — Map (db m99224) HM
This piece of petrified wood was found near the mouth of Moffett Creek when the Columbia River Highway was widened in 1950. The wood turned to stone as the fiber of the original tree, which lived during the early Miocene age (26 million years ago), . . . — — Map (db m99223) HM
Found in North Dakota, this is a petrified stump of the Giant Sequoia tree (Sequoiadendron giganteum). It is estimated to be five million years old. Petrified wood occurs when a tree is buried by a landslide or other occurrence. With no oxygen . . . — — Map (db m309360) HM
Northern Paiute Indians and a few mountain men were the only residents of the John Day Country before 1860. Cavalry troops passed through the John Day River drainage looking for the best route from the Columbia River to Fort Boise. One company, . . . — — Map (db m71675) HM
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