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West Virginia Archives and History Historical Markers

This series is for the markers that are part of the West Virginia Department of Archives and History as well as its predecessor agencies.
 
Greenbrier County Marker image, Touch for more information
By Craig Doda, May 20, 2018
Greenbrier County Marker
201 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Quinwood — Nicholas County / Greenbrier County
On Coalfield Trail (West Virginia Route 20), on the right when traveling north.
Nicholas County. Formed in 1818 from Greenbrier, Kanawha and Randolph. Named for Wilson C. Nicholas, governor, Virginia, 1814-1817. In this countý in 1861 sharp engagements were fought at Kessler's Cross Lanes and at Carnifex Ferry. . . . Map (db m238104) HM
202 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Rainelle — Meadow River Lumber Company / United Methodist Church
On Kanawha Avenue (U.S. 60) 0.1 miles east of S. Sewell Street (West Virginia Route 20), on the left when traveling east.
Meadow River Lumber CompanyEstablished as Raine-Andrew Lumber Co. concern with purchase of 32,000 ac. (1906-08) by John & Tom Raine, namesake of Rainelle, founded 1908. Used logging railroad from woods to mill & Sewell Valley RR (NF&G) to C&O. . . . Map (db m50391) HM
203 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Ronceverte — Organ Cave
On 219 at Hokes Mill Road (County Road 62), on the right when traveling west on 219.
In this cave, whose beautiful natural formations have long been known, salt petre was manufactured before 1835. When war broke out between the states in 1861, it was a source of powder supply for General Lee's army.Map (db m76509) HM
204 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Ronceverte — Ronceverte
On West Main Street (U.S. 219) at Locust Street, on the right when traveling south on West Main Street.
From the French word meaning “Greenbrier”. Thomas Edgar settled in Greenbrier County before 1780. His son built first grist mill on Greenbrier River. Three successive mills were destroyed but the fourth plant operates today.Map (db m76513) HM
205 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Rupert — Rupert
On Midland Trail W Road (U.S. 60) east of Fagle Lane, on the left when traveling east.
A post office was established here in 1889 and the village was incorporated in 1945. Named for Dr. Cyrus A. Rupert (1812-1891), a prominent local physician. The first settler here was William McClung (1738-1833) who came in 1766. A soldier in the . . . Map (db m50390) HM
206 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Sam Black Church — Sam Black Church
On Midland Trail W Road (U.S. 60) near junction with Sam Black Church Road (County Route 60/5), on the right when traveling east.
Built in 1901, church building was dedicated in memory of the Rev. Sam Black (1813 - 1899). He preached here in the 1880s - 90s. Born in Rupert & licensed in 1840, Black was a Methodist circuit rider almost fifty years. Sam Black Church, a spiritual . . . Map (db m55766) HM
207 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Smoot — Greenbrier Ghost
On Midland Trail W Road (U.S. 60) 0.1 miles south of Exit 156 - Sam Black Church exit (Interstate 64), on the right when traveling east.
Interred in nearby cemetery is Zona Heaster Shue. Her death in 1897 was presumed natural until her spirit appeared to her mother to describe how she was killed by her husband Edward. Autopsy on the exhumed body verified the apparition's account. . . . Map (db m50356) HM
208 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, Trout — Sinking Creek Raid
On Trout Road (County Road 10) at Friar's Hill Road (County Road 9), on the right when traveling north on Trout Road.
On November 26, 1862, 20 members of Company G, 2nd WV Cavalry, led by Maj. William H. Powell and Lt. Jeremiah Davidson, surprised and routed 500 Confederate soldiers of the 14th VA Cavalry at the base of Cold Knob. Union forces captured more than . . . Map (db m144217) HM WM
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209 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, White Sulphur Springs — "Oakhurst" Golf Club
On E. Main St. (U.S. 60).
Site of the first organized golf club in United States. It was formed, 1884, on the "Oakhurst estate of owner, Russell W. Montague, a New Englander and Scotchmen" George Grant, Alexander m. and Roderick McLeod and Lionel Torrin.Map (db m21752) HM
210 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, White Sulphur Springs — Dry Creek Battle
On East Main St. (U.S. 60) at West Virginia Route 92, on the right when traveling west on East Main St..
A two-day encounter, Aug. 26-27, 1863, between Gen. Sam Jones' Confederates and Gen. W. W. Averell's Federals. Action is also known as Howard's Creek, White Sulphur Springs and Rocky Gap. Losses: 350.Map (db m76721) HM
211 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, White Sulphur Springs — Greenbrier County / Virginia
On Kanawha Trail (West Virginia Route 311) 0.3 miles south of Exit 183 (Interstate 64), on the right.
Greenbrier County. Formed, 1778, from Botetourt and Montgomery. Named for the river which drains it. This county had many pioneer forts and saw many bloody Indian battles. Here are the world-famed White Sulphur and other mineral springs. . . . Map (db m84054) HM
212 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, White Sulphur Springs — Kate's Mountain
On U.S. 60 at Kate's Mountain Rd. on U.S. 60.
Named for Kate Carpenter, whose husband, Nathan, was killed by the Indians. Fine scenic view. Home of Kate's Mountain Clover and other rare plants, such as the Box Huckleberry, 6000 years old - the oldest living thing.Map (db m19363) HM
213 West Virginia, Greenbrier County, White Sulphur Springs — White Sulphur
On U.S. 60, on the left when traveling west.
Large Federal fish hatcheries are located here. A mile east on Howard's Creek the armies of North and South fought in 1863. At "Oakhurst" three miles north the first golf club in America was organized in 1884. Twelve Presidents, from "Old . . . Map (db m19361) HM
214 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Augusta — Oriskany Sand
On Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. 50) 0.1 miles east of North River Road (County Road 50/21), on the right when traveling east.
The pure massive sandstone forming Hanging Rock is the Oriskany of the driller and geologist. The "Oriskany Sand," an important gas Sand, has produced in excess of a trillion cubic feet of gas in West Virginia.Map (db m150664) HM
215 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Capon Bridge — Fort Edwards
On U.S. 50, on the right when traveling west.
Troops from this fort under Captain Mercer were ambushed in 1756 and many were killed. The French and Indians later attacked the fort but the garrison, aided by Daniel Morgan and other frontiersmen, repulsed the assault.Map (db m4556) HM
216 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Capon Bridge — Northwestern Turnpike
On U.S. 50, on the right when traveling west.
In 1784, Washington proposed the Northwestern Turnpike as an all-Virginia route to the Ohio. Authorized in 1827 and started in 1831, it remains a monument to the skill of its engineers, Charles Shaw and Colonel Claudius Crozet.Map (db m4623) HM
217 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Capon Lake — Capon Lake Whipple Truss Bridge
On Carpers Pike (West Virginia Route 259) at Capon Springs Road (Local Route 16), on the left when traveling south on Carpers Pike.
First erected in 1874 as a two span bridge on US Route 50 near Romney, one span was moved here in 1938 and re-erected on a new foundation. the 17' wide by 176' long bridge is a Whipple-Murphy Truss. The state’s oldest extant metal truss, the bridge . . . Map (db m92752) HM
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218 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Capon Lake — Capon Springs
On West Virginia Route 259 north of Capon Springs Road (County Route 16), on the left when traveling south.
Capon Springs bears Indian name meaning the "Medicine Waters." Discovered in 1765. Famous resort of early days. President Franklin Pierce, Daniel Webster, and his guest, Sir Henry Bulwer, the British Minister, were among guests.Map (db m50808) HM
219 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Forks of Cacapon — “Caudy’s Castle”
On Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127) east of Owl Hollow, on the right when traveling east.
Named for James Caudy, pioneer and Indian fighter, who took refuge from the Indians on a mass of rocks overlooking Cacapon River during the French and Indian War (1754–1763). From his position on the Castle of Rocks, he defended himself by . . . Map (db m20850) HM
220 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Forks of Cacapon — Bloomery Iron Furnace / Bloomery Gap Skirmish
On Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127), on the right when traveling east.
Bloomery Iron Furnace The furnace was built, 1833, by Thomas Pastly and later was owned by Lewis Passmor. He placed a Mr. Cornwell in charge who operated it until 1848 when it was sold to S. A. Pancost. He and his heirs operated it until 1875 . . . Map (db m11019) HM
221 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Good — Hampshire County / Virginia
On Bloomery Pike (West Virginia Route 127) 0.4 miles west of South Sleepy Creek Road (Route 734), on the right when traveling west.
Hampshire County Oldest county; established by the Virginia Assembly, 1754. Formed from Frederick and Augusta. Lord Fairfax, owner, named it for the English shire of the same name. Ice Mountain and Hanging Rocks are among its natural . . . Map (db m159337) HM
222 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Hanging Rock — Blue's Gap Battle
On Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. 50) 0.2 miles west of Moler Drive, on the right when traveling east. Reported missing.
Confederate troops under Captain George F. Sheets were defeated by Colonel S. H. Dunning's 5th Ohio Infantry here, Jan. 7, 1862. North River Bridge and a number of buildings were burned by the Federals.Map (db m203986) HM
223 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Hanging Rock — Ice Mountain
On U.S. 50 at State Highway 29, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 50.
Huge natural refrigerator, five miles north along North River, where ice is found for several hundred yards on the hottest summer days. Raven Rock, on North Mountain, overs one of the finest views in West Virginia.Map (db m25085) HM
224 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Mechanicsburg — Fort Mill Ridge Trenches
On Fort Mill Ridge Road just east of Core Road, on the right when traveling east.
Constructed in Spring 1863 by the 54th Pennsylvania under Col. Jacob Campbell, the fortifications took advantage of the natural defenses overlooking Mechanicsburg Gap and the South Branch of the Potomac. The site was occupied March-June and . . . Map (db m150658) HM
225 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Mechanicsburg — Mechanicsburg Gap / Col. Claudius Crozet
On U.S. 50.
Mechanicsburg Gap Scenic canyon cut through Mill Creek Mountain by Mill creek. Here an old Indian trail was the pathway from the Valley of Virginia to the Alleghenies, then the Northwestern Turnpike, now the George Washington Highway Col. . . . Map (db m19355) HM
226 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Old Fields, Purgitsville — High Knob
On U.S. 220 at Hickory Hill Road, on the right when traveling north on U.S. 220.
This peak on Hampshire-Hardy line rises a thousand feet above the surrounding hills to a height of more than half a mile. From it can be seen points in three counties. It overlooks "The Trough," famed for its history and scenery.Map (db m152775) HM
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227 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Pinoak — Pinoak Fountain
On Highway 29 at Falconwood Road, on the right when traveling south on Highway 29.
Built by State Road Comm. and local artisans in 1932; land given by H.R. Edeburn. Crystal quartz quarried from behind nearby Bloomery iron furnace, and stone from hillside behind the fountain. Spring water, gravity fed from hill above, supplied . . . Map (db m391) HM
228 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — Indian Mound
On U.S. 50, on the right when traveling west.
The Indian Mound Cemetery, which is 7 feet high and about 15 feet in diameter, is one of the largest remaining mounds in the Eastern Panhandle of West Virginia. This mound has never been excavated but similar mounds of area dug by Smithsonian . . . Map (db m155358) HM
229 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — Lew Wallace's Raid on Romney
On Northwestern Turnpike (Route 50) just east of Stoney Lonesome Road, on the right when traveling east.
On June 13, 1861, Col. Lew Wallace (11th Indiana Infantry) led a raid against Southern forces occupying Romney. Wallace passed through the Mechanicsburg Gap and took South Branch Bridge. The Rebel retreat from Romney forced Gen. Johnston to abandon . . . Map (db m150660) HM
230 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — Oriskany Sand
On Northwestern Turnpike (U.S. 50) just east of High Apple Mountain Road, on the right when traveling east.
The massive sandstone forming the top of the exposure and the great arch is the Oriskany, and the limestone below it is the Helderberg of the driller and geologist. The "Oriskany Sand", an important gas Sand, has produced in excess of a trillion . . . Map (db m150659) HM
231 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — Romney / Early Memorial
On East Main Street (U.S. 50) at High Street (West Virginia Route 28) on East Main Street.
Romney. Incorporated as a town, 1762. Owned and laid off as a town by Lord Fairfax. Named for one of the five English Channel ports. Not far away was Fort Pearsall, built, 1756, as Indian defense. Town changed military control 56 times, . . . Map (db m159299) HM
232 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — Romney in 1861–1865 / “Stonewall” Jackson
On Main Street (U.S. 50) near West Virginia Route 28.
Romney in 1861–1865. Sitting astride the natural invasion route from the Shenandoah Valley to the Potomac and the B. & O. Railroad, Romney was scourged by both armies. No great battles were fought here, but during the War the town . . . Map (db m159297) HM
233 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Romney — W. Va School for the Deaf and Blind
On East Main Street (U.S. 50) at Administration Circle, on the left when traveling east on East Main Street.
Established, 1870. The Classical Institute was donated by the Romney Literary Society as the initial building unit. Co-educational school giving academic and vocational training to the State's deaf and blind youth.Map (db m459) HM
234 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Three Churches — Mount Bethel Church
On Three Churches Hollow Road at Jersey Mountain Road on Three Churches Hollow Road.
The Presbyterians established a church near here in 1792. At first called the Mountain Church in 1808, it became the nucleus of Presbyterian work in Hampshire County under the auspices of the Rev. John Lyle. The Rev. James Black reorganized the . . . Map (db m19356) HM
235 West Virginia, Hampshire County, Vance — Fort Forman
On West Virginia Route 28 at Buffalo Hollow Road on State Route 28.
Frontier outpost, Capt. William Forman (Foreman), in 1777, led a company from this county to the relief of Fort Henry at Wheeling. He, two sons, and others were killed in an ambush by Native Americans at the "Narrows" near Moundsville.Map (db m19357) HM
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236 West Virginia, Hancock County, Chester — Rock Spring Park
On Carolina Avenue (West Virginia Route 2) at Lincoln Highway (U.S. 30), on the right when traveling north on Carolina Avenue.
Named for natural springs reputedly used by George Washington. Donated in 1857 for picnics and prize fights. Developed in 1897 as amusement park served by streetcar and boat attracting 15-20 thousand daily. Included dance pavilions, shooting . . . Map (db m49697) HM
237 West Virginia, Hancock County, Moscow — Early Mills
On West Virginia Route 2 at Ferndale Road (County Route 66/2), on the right when traveling north on State Route 2.
Site of Nesselroad's powder mill which operated from 1795 to 1801. To the south on King's Creek stood Hartford's grist mill which served local settlers in early 1800's. In 1823, Swearingen's grist mill and Eaton's saw mill were built near the same . . . Map (db m39654) HM
238 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Brickyard Bend
Near North River Avenue at Jefferson Street.
Named by boat captains for many brick works shipping from area. John Gamble first mined clay in 1839; James Porter had first brick works in 1832. By 1844, five works produced 1.5 million bricks. Later, some 20 plants: including Captain John Porter, . . . Map (db m44118) HM
239 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Brickyard Bend
On Ridge Avenue (West Virginia Route 2) at Ballantyne Road, on the right when traveling north on Ridge Avenue.
Named by boat captains for many brick works shipping from area. John Gamble first mined clay in 1830; James Porter had first brick works in 1832; five works in 1844 produced 1.5 million bricks. Later, over 20 plants, using local clay, gas and coal, . . . Map (db m44120) HM
240 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Captain John Porter / Chelsea China Company
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Avenue, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
Side A:Captain John Porter(August 7, 1838 - February 7, 1893) Early developer of New Cumberland, he operated line of steamboats and barges on Ohio River, Chelsea China Company and glass plants. Known as "brick king" he owned Sligo, . . . Map (db m44121) HM
241 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Contested County Seat
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Street, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
Hancock County, formed in 1848 in home of Sam C. Allison in Fairview, also known as Pughtown and New Manchester. In election for county seat, New Cumberland won by 13; refusal to move led to another vote and majority of 46 in 1850 to move. In May . . . Map (db m44124) HM
242 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Gravel Hill Academy
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Street, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
Located beside courthouse, original building of four rooms built in 1869, opened in 1870 with town hall on 2nd floor. In 1888 two wings were added. By 20 January 1939, when destroyed by fire, had 14 rooms with 500 students. Rebuilt on same site, it . . . Map (db m44126) HM
243 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — New Cumberland
On Ridge Avenue (West Virginia Route 2) south of Lincoln Street, on the right when traveling south.
Near New Cumberland, George Chapman settled, about 1783, and built an Indian fort. Here are graves of the Chapmans, Gregorys, Graftons, and other pioneer families. Pughtown, settled about 1810, was the first county seat.Map (db m39685) HM
244 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — New Cumberland
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Street, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
Near New Cumberland, George Chapman settled, about 1783, and built an Indian fort. Here are graves of the Chapmans, Gregorys, Graftons, and other pioneer families. Pughtown, settled about 1810, was the first county seat.Map (db m44130) HM
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245 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Ohio River
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Street, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
The river flowing past New Cumberland contributed significantly to the political, economic and social development of the town. Early settlers to New Cumberland came by river and then depended on the river as means of receiving supplies and . . . Map (db m44133) HM
246 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Old Town
On North Chester Street (West Virginia Route 2) south of Washington Street (West Virginia Route 8), on the right when traveling north.
In 1839 John Cuppy laid out 42 lots on his farm between Ohio River and hill; added 50 lots in 1850. Named Vernon but called Cuppy Town. In 1840 John Chapman built the first house. Industry based on rich clay deposits, brick plants and river . . . Map (db m39743) HM
247 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Cumberland — Old Town
On North River Avenue at Jefferson Street, on the right when traveling south on North River Avenue.
In 1839 John Cuppy laid out 42 lots on his farm between Ohio River and hill; added 50 lots in 1850. Named Vernon but called Cuppy Town. In 1840 John Chapman built the first house. Industry based on rich clay deposits, brick plants and river . . . Map (db m44135) HM
248 West Virginia, Hancock County, New Manchester — Hartford's Mill
On Park-Forest 801 at Park-Forest 802, on the right when traveling north on Park-Forest 801.
On Tomlinson Run, Nesselroad's powder mill began operation about 1795. Near by occurred the famous fight between Andrew and Adam Poe, border scouts, and Chief Big Foot and another Indian in 1782. The Poes won. Two Indians died.Map (db m66535) HM
249 West Virginia, Hancock County, Newell — Logan Massacre
On West Virginia Route 2 north of Dry Run Road, on the right when traveling north.
One of the events which led up to Dunmore's War was the killing at this point of the family of Chief Logan, eloquent leader of the Mingo Indians, April, 1774, opposite their village at the mouth of Yellow Creek in Ohio.Map (db m44727) HM
250 West Virginia, Hancock County, Newell — Morgan's Raid
On Washington Street (West Virginia Route 2) at West Virginia Route 66/11, on the right when traveling south on Washington Street.
In July 1863, Confederate Gen. John H. Morgan raided through Kentucky. Indiana, and Ohio seeking to bring the war to the North. Defeated at Buffington Island, he fled up the Ohio River and tried to cross into West Virginia. Members of the state . . . Map (db m189407) HM
251 West Virginia, Hancock County, Newell — Newell
On Washington Street (West Virginia Route 2) at 9th Street, on the left when traveling north on Washington Street.
Developed by subsidiaries of the Homer Laughlin China Company, the town has been home to the world's largest single pottery unit. A key industry in the county and state, fine wares made here have sold around the world.Map (db m44730) HM
252 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — Hancock County / Brooke County
On Main Street (West Virginia Route 2) 0.1 miles north of Marland Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
Side A:Hancock CountyFormed in 1848 from Brooke. Named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Iron furnaces established in this county as early as 1794 made the cannon balls that Commodore Perry used in . . . Map (db m44127) HM
253 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — Hancock County / State of Pennsylvania
On Steubenville Pike at Gardner Road, on the right when traveling west on Steubenville Pike.
Hancock County Formed in 1848 from Brooke. Named for John Hancock, first signer of the Declaration of Independence. Iron furnaces established in this county as early as 1794 made the cannon balls that Commodore Perry used in Battle of Lake . . . Map (db m80381) HM
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254 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — Holliday's Cove
On Cove Road at Main Street (West Virginia Route 2), on the right when traveling west on Cove Road.
East was Fort Holliday, built in 1776. During the Revolution it was a supply depot for the Continental Army. From it Col. Swearingen led troops with ammunition to relieve Fort Henry at Wheeling when attacked by Indians in 1777.Map (db m80384) HM
255 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — James J. Andrews
On Main Street (West Virginia Route 2) at Municipal Plaza, on the right when traveling north on Main Street.
Born in Hollidays Cove ca. 1829. Moved to Kentucky and served as Union civilian scout during the Civil War. Seized locomotive, The General, in northern Georgia, and attempted to move within Union lines, but train lost power and raiders were . . . Map (db m155989) HM
256 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — Peter Tarr Furnace
On West Virginia Route 2 at Kings Creek Road (County Route 11), on the right when traveling north on State Route 2.
Two miles east is the site of first blast furnace west of the Alleghenies. Built in 1794, it was the forerunner of the steel industry which flourished in this area. Here Peter Tarr cast cannon balls used by Perry on Lake Erie.Map (db m44138) HM
257 West Virginia, Hancock County, Weirton — Three Springs Church
On South 17th Street at Pennsylvania Avenue (West Virginia Route 105), on the right when traveling west on South 17th Street.
100 yards south is site of original log Three Springs Church. Built 1790 on land donated by James Campbell. Elisha Macurdy, first pastor, called Nov., 1799. The mother church of Cove and Paris United Presbyterian churches.Map (db m80385) HM
258 West Virginia, Hardy County, Fisher — South Branch Valley
On Fisher Road (County Road 13) 0.3 miles west of U.S. 220, on the left when traveling west.
Names for the river flowing through it, the valley runs from Pendleton to Hampshire County and has some of the state's most productive farm land. During the French and Indian War, Fort Buttermilk protected area settlers. The valley was again the . . . Map (db m178372) HM
259 West Virginia, Hardy County, Lost City — Lost River’s First Church
On West Virginia Route 259 at Lower Cove Road (Route 59), on the right when traveling south on State Route 259.
300 yards east is the first Lost River Valley Church. Built of logs, prior to 1797, on land deeded by Anthony Miller, 1831, to the Baptists and Presbyterians “to hold in common for a meetinghouse and graveyard.”Map (db m48935) HM
260 West Virginia, Hardy County, Lost River — Lost River
On West Virginia Route 259 just south of Dove Hollow Road (Local Route 14), on the left when traveling south.
Settled before 1750. Nearby was Riddle’s Fort, frontier outpost. Here Battle of Lost River was fought in 1756 between company of Virginia frontiersmen under Captain Jeremiah Smith and band of 50 French and Indians.Map (db m155201) HM
261 West Virginia, Hardy County, Mathias — Howard's Lick / Jackson Home
On West Virginia Route 259, 0.1 miles north of Howard's Lick River State Park Road (County Route 12), on the left when traveling south.
Howard's Lick Howard's Lick, or Lee White Sulphur Springs, was once owned by Gen. Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee of Revolutionary War fame. It was owned later by Charles Carter Lee, brother of the beloved Gen. Robert E. Lee. Jackson Home . . . Map (db m50470) HM
262 West Virginia, Hardy County, Moorefield — Battle of Moorefield
On U.S. 220, 0.4 miles south of Harness Road, on the left when traveling south.
After a failed raid on New Creek on August 4, 1864, the Confederate cavalry of Gens. McCausland and Johnson made camp near Moorefield on the South Branch of the Potomac. Hoping to smash the Rebel raiders, Union Gen. Averell led his smaller force in . . . Map (db m153025) HM
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263 West Virginia, Hardy County, Moorefield — Gen. Joseph Neville / McNeill's Raid
On Main Street (U.S. 220), on the right when traveling south.
(Front): Near here, grave of Gen. Joseph Neville; officer in Revolution; member of conventions of 1775 and 1776. With Alexander McLean of Pennsylvania, he completed survey of the Mason and Dixon line in 1782. His son, Joseph, was a general in . . . Map (db m23213) HM
264 West Virginia, Hardy County, Moorefield — Moorefield
On North Main Street (U.S. 220) at Winchester Avenue (Old West Virginia Route 55), on the left when traveling south on North Main Street.
Chartered, 1777, and named for Conrad Moore, early settler. During Indian wars, Town Fort, north, and Fort Buttermilk, south, gave protection. Here, 1794, Gen. Biggs brought part of the troops recruited to suppress Whisky Rebellion.Map (db m9233) HM
265 West Virginia, Hardy County, Moorefield — Presbyterian Church
On South Main Street (U.S. 220) at Winchester Avenue (Old West Virginia Route 55), on the left when traveling south on South Main Street.
During the Civil War this church was used by both the North and South as a hospital. Union soldiers stabled horses here and burned pews for firewood. Federal government paid $800 indemnity in 1914.Map (db m9236) HM
266 West Virginia, Hardy County, Old Fields — Fort Pleasant
On West Virginia Route 220 at Old Fields Road (County Route 2), on the right when traveling north on State Route 220.
Built on lands of Issac Van Meter who took up claim near Old Fields, 1735, and settled there, 1744. In chain of forts which Washington established. For a time it was garrisoned by British regulars. Near it was Battle of the Trough, 1756.Map (db m155454) HM
267 West Virginia, Hardy County, Old Fields — Willow Wall
On U.S. 220, 0.1 miles south of Old Fields Road (County Road 2), on the right when traveling south.
This U-shaped Georgian-Tidewater house, built 1811-12, was the home of the McNeill family. During the Civil War, McNeill's Rangers, a Southern band of guerillas, used it as a home base. Confederate Gen. Bradley Johnson headquartered here before the . . . Map (db m152773) HM
268 West Virginia, Hardy County, Peru — Mt. Olive Lutheran ChurchFounded in 1888 by Dr. Conrad B. Gohdes
On South Fork Road (County Route 7) 16.7 miles north of U.S. 33, on the right when traveling north.
Last of the Lutheran horseback circuit rides, who was known as a dynamic pastor, theologian, professor of history, philologist and a Christian gentleman. Died 1952 A.D.Map (db m49580) HM
269 West Virginia, Hardy County, Wardensville — Lost and Found
On Old West Virginia Route 55 just east of Pinnacle Drive.
Here the Lost River disappears under Sandy Ridge. Two miles away on the other side of the mountain the stream is “found” again as the headwaters of the Cacapon River. This stream has the Indian name for “Medicine Waters.”Map (db m74493) HM
270 West Virginia, Hardy County, Wardensville — Oriskany Sand
On Old State Highway 55, on the right when traveling east.
The massive sandstone forming the cliff is the Oriskany of the driller, and the geologist. The "Oriskany Sand", an important gas sand, has produced in excess of a trillion cubic feet of gas in West Virginia.Map (db m34572) HM
271 West Virginia, Hardy County, Wardensville — Population Center
On Main Street (U.S. 48), on the right when traveling north. Reported missing.
The population center of the United State was in present West Virginia four times as it moved westward across the nation: near Wardensville in 1820; at Smoke Hole in 1830; west of Buckhannon in 1840; near Burning Springs in 1850.Map (db m23212) HM
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272 West Virginia, Hardy County, Wardensville — Wardensville
On Main Street (U.S. 48), on the right when traveling north.
George Washington laid off land here for William Wallace Warden, Nov. 11, 1749. Warden built a stockade fort, near which members of his family were killed by Indians, 1758, and the fort burned. Scene of skirmishes in 1862-1863.Map (db m237969) HM
273 West Virginia, Hardy County, Wardensville — West Virginia (Hardy County) / Virginia
On West Virginia Route 55 west of the Virginia state line, on the right when traveling west.
West Virginia. (Hardy County) “The Mountain State”—western part of the Commonwealth of Virginia until June 20, 1863. Settled by the Germans and Scotch-Irish. It became a line of defense between the English and French during . . . Map (db m74496) HM
274 West Virginia, Harrison County, Bridgeport — Benedum Civic Center
On Northwestern Pike (U.S. 50), on the right when traveling west.
Enlarged replica on site of original Michael L. Benedum family home, Benedum, born here 16 July 1869, died 30 July 1959. Known as the “Great Wildcatter” for success in oil exploration, he became as well known for philanthropy. Benedum . . . Map (db m125816) HM
275 West Virginia, Harrison County, Bridgeport — John Powers' Fort
On West Main Street (U.S. 50), on the right when traveling east.
On Simpson Creek is the site of fort built by John Powers, 1771. Nearby is grave of Col. Benjamin Wilson, soldier and settler. Here lived Joseph Johnson, only Virginia governor from west of Alleghenies; first elected by popular vote.Map (db m4545) HM
276 West Virginia, Harrison County, Bridgeport — Simpson Creek Covered Bridge
On Despard-Summit Park Road (County Route 24/7) near Bridgeport-Meadowbrook Road (County Route 24).
A. S. Hugill built 75' long by 14' wide multiple king-post truss bridge in 1881 for $1483 on land of John Lowe. Survived great flood of 1888 but was washed away from original site 1/2 miles upstream in 1899.Map (db m8541) HM
277 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — "Stonewall" Jackson
On West Main Street at South 3rd Street, on the right when traveling east on West Main Street.
Birthplace of General Thomas J. “Stonewall” Jackson. After a brilliant Mexican War record, he joined the Confederacy in 1861, earned his nickname and advancement in rank in first Battle of Bull Run, and was killed at Chancellorsville.Map (db m73406) HM
278 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — Clarksburg
On West Main Street at Court Street, on the right when traveling east on West Main Street.
(side 1) Established 1785. Named for Gen. George Rogers Clark. John Simpson camped here in 1764. Early permanent settlements were made by the Davissons, Cottrills, Sotha Hickman, Nicholas Carpenter, and others. (side 2) . . . Map (db m73413) HM
279 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — Clarksburg Convention
On West Main Street just east of South 3rd Street, on the left when traveling east.
On April 22, 1861, in Clarksburg, about 1,200 citizens of Harrison County met to oppose Virginia's proposed ordinance of secession. They supported John Carlile's call for delegates to meet on May 13 in Wheeling to determine a course of action for . . . Map (db m184744) HM
280 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — John S. Carlile
On West Main Street just east of South 3rd Street, on the left when traveling east.
Born in 1817, he practiced law and served in the Virginia Senate and US Congress. At the 1861 Richmond Convention, he opposed secession. Although he led efforts to create a new state and wrote "A Declaration of the People of Virginia" calling for a . . . Map (db m184802) HM
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281 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — The Jackson Cemetery
On East Pike Street (West Virginia Route 20) west of Charleston Avenue, on the left when traveling west.
In this cemetery lie buried members of the Stonewall Jackson family: his father Jonathan, a sister Elizabeth, his great grandparents John Jackson and wife Elizabeth Cummings. Buried here also are Mrs. Mary Payne Jackson and Mrs. Mary Coles Payne, . . . Map (db m175548) HM
282 West Virginia, Harrison County, Clarksburg — Towers School
On South 2nd Street at West Pike Street (West Virginia Route 20), on the right when traveling north on South 2nd Street.
Built in 1894 and named in honor of Reverend George Towers, graduate of Oxford, England who was a teacher at Randolph Academy. The Academy, authorized by the Virginia Assembly in 1787, stood just to the east and was the principal regional school . . . Map (db m73405) HM
283 West Virginia, Harrison County, Enterprise — Bathsheba Bigler Smith
On Enterprise Road (County Road 19/2) just east of U.S. 19, on the right when traveling east.
Bathsheba Bigler Smith, born May 3, 1822, one mile upstream, was baptized in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter - day Saints in 1837. Moved to Nauvoo, IL, where she was a founding member of the Relief Society, the LDS Church charitable women's . . . Map (db m177224) HM
284 West Virginia, Harrison County, Enterprise — Enterprise
On Hood Avenue (U.S. 19) 0.2 miles south of Enterprise Road (County Road 19/2), on the right when traveling north.
Nearby is the Mclntire blockhouse, built in 1773, another of the outposts established as protection against the Indians. Here are the graves of many early settlers, including those of John McIntire and wife, both victims of the Indians.Map (db m176882) HM
285 West Virginia, Harrison County, Lost Creek — B & O Depot
On Lost Creek Road (County Route 25) at West Milford Road (West Virginia Highway 270), on the left when traveling north on Lost Creek Road.
Built 1892, following the completion of railroad in 1887. Lost Creek grew to become largest shipping point for cattle in West Virginia in 1915 and on entire B & O system, east of Mississippi in 1923.Map (db m35331) HM
286 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Big Elm / Big Elm
On Hood Avenue (U.S. 19), on the right when traveling north.
Side A Site of “Big Elm,” tree awarded “largest of its kind in US” in 1876. Measured over 30 feet in circumference at its base. The tree began dying by 1905, with the cause attributed to disease, the building of a streetcar line, and hogs . . . Map (db m125818) HM
287 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Granville Davisson Hall
On Hood Avenue (U.S. 19) 0.2 miles east of Branch of West Fork, on the right when traveling north.
Born in 1837, Hall worked at the Wheeling Intelligencer during the Civil War. His reporting during the creation of WV served as the basis for his publication, The Rending of Virginia. Hall also recorded the proceedings of the . . . Map (db m125819) HM
288 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Haywood Junction State Police Camp
On Haywood Road (West Virginia Route 20) just west of Shinnston Pike (U.S. 19), on the right when traveling west.
From 1922 to 1933, WV State Police training facilities and Company A headquarters were located at a camp in Haywood Junction. Not only were troopers trained, but horses were broken using proven methods of the U.S. Cavalry. In the late 1920s, . . . Map (db m176749) HM
289 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Levi Shinn House
On S. Pike Street (U.S. 19), on the right when traveling north.
Built, 1778, by Levi Shinn who came from New Jersey, 1773, and claimed tomahawk rights. Returned with family and brothers, Clement and Jonathan and settled. Sold part of land to Jonathan whose son, Levi, deeded it for site of Shinnston.Map (db m125817) HM
290 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Saltwell
On Saltwell Road (West Virginia Route 131) south of Coon Run Road (County Route 13/2), on the left when traveling north.
Village so named because of well drilled here in 1835 by Abraham and Peter Righter. The well reached a depth of 745 feet releasing natural gas. Often attributed to be first deep well drilled in United States. Water from such wells was reputed to . . . Map (db m177528) HM
291 West Virginia, Harrison County, Shinnston — Shinnston Tornado
On S. Pike Street (U.S. 19), on the left when traveling north.
At 8:30 p.m. on June 23, 1944, a large tornado struck this area without warning because weather news was banned during WWII. The violent tornado lifted the West Fork River from its bed and left path of destruction up to 1,000' wide. Storm claimed . . . Map (db m125820) HM
292 West Virginia, Harrison County, Spelter — Spelter Community / Spelter Zinc Plant
On Shinnston Pike (U.S. 19) at Lambert's Run Road, on the left when traveling north on Shinnston Pike.
Spelter Community Company town built for immigrant, primarily Spanish, zinc plant workers, 1910-11: housed 1,500 residents in 175 homes, renting for $11 per month by 1915. First known as Ziesing, for a company official; named Spelter for post . . . Map (db m125821) HM
293 West Virginia, Jackson County, Cottageville — Cottageville
On Country Farm Road (Route 33/18) south of Ripley Road (West Virginia Route 62).
Michael Coleman, member of a hunting party from frontier fort at Belleville, was killed and scalped by the Indians at this point about 1793. Near by at Mill Creek Falls, Benjamin Wright build an early power flour mill.Map (db m124884) HM
294 West Virginia, Jackson County, Kenna — Kenna
On Kentuck Road (SR 34).
Post Office established here July 1, 1880, with Grandville P. Morrison as first postmaster. Named in honor of John Edward Kenna (1848-1893), member of the U.S. House of Representatives (1879-1883), and later elected to the U.S. Senate (1883-93). . . . Map (db m73672) HM
295 West Virginia, Jackson County, Leon — Jackson County / Mason County
On West Virginia Route 2 east of Jackson Lane, on the left when traveling east.
Jackson County Formed in 1831 from Mason, Kanawha and Wood. Named for General Andrew Jackson, the seventh President of the United States. Jesse Hughes, noted Indian fighter, spent declining years in this county where he is buried. . . . Map (db m189747) HM
296 West Virginia, Jackson County, Ravenswood — Daniel Frost
On Ravenswood Road (Route 68) at Lock House Road, on the right when traveling south on Ravenswood Road.
Born in 1819, Frost was editor of Jackson County’s first newspaper, The Virginia Chronicle, which was burned in 1862 during Jenkins Raid for its pro-Union stance. He served as Speaker of the House for the Restored Government of Virginia, . . . Map (db m124351) HM
297 West Virginia, Jackson County, Ravenswood — Ravenswood / Ohio River Ford
On West Virginia Route 68, 0.2 miles east of U.S. 33, on the left when traveling north.
Ravenswood. These lands were surveyed, 1771, for George Washington by Colonel William Crawford, who later was taken captive by the Indians and burned at the stake. Washington camped here in 1770. Here is grave of Jesse Hughes, noted scout. . . . Map (db m39625) HM
298 West Virginia, Jackson County, Ravenswood — Washington’s Land
On West Virginia Route 2 south of U.S. 33, on the right when traveling south.
Westward lies the Millwood Tract of 4,395 acres patented by George Washington on December 15, 1772, based on a survey made in June 1771. It bordered on the Ohio River above the Great Bend for “file miles and 700 poles.”Map (db m124517) HM
299 West Virginia, Jackson County, Ripley — Pfost-Greene Murders / Last Public Execution
On North Court Street north of Main Street (U.S. 33), on the right when traveling north.
On November 3, 1897, John Morgan murdered Chloe Greene and two of her three children, James Greene and Matilda Pfost. Daughter Alice Pfost managed to escape despite being wounded during the attack. G.W. Shamblen captured Morgan who was tried . . . Map (db m124858) HM
300 West Virginia, Jackson County, Ripley — Raid on Ripley
On North Church Street (County Road 21) at West N Street on North Church Street.
At around 9 p.m. on December 19, 1861, a party of armed Confederate guerillas known as the Moccasin Rangers captured Ripley and broke into the post office, seizing its contents. The Rangers also robbed a store, stole private possessions, and took . . . Map (db m178585) HM

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May. 21, 2024