General Barnard Elliott Bee of South Carolina Commander, Third Brigade Army of the Shenandoah was killed here July 21, 1861 Just before his death to rally his scattered troops he gave this command “Form. form. There stands Jackson like a . . . — — Map (db m540) HM
This marble marks the spot where fell George T. Stovall of the Rome Light Guards, 8th Regt. Georgia Volunteers in the battle of July 21, 1861. Born at Augusta, GA, April 25, 1835.
His life he devoted to his God and sacrificed in his country's . . . — — Map (db m1996) HM
August 29, 1862 5:30 p.m. A.P. Hill’s Division, Left Wing (Jackson) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Gregg's Brigade Brig. Gen. Maxcy Gregg 1st South Carolina 12th South Carolina 1st South Carolina Rifles 13th South Carolina 14th South Carolina . . . — — Map (db m40563) HM
Grover’s troops waited for the Rebels to fire, then charged up the ten-foot embankment. With no time to reload, Confederates were caught hugging the rear slope. The charging Federals stabbed with bayonets, crushed skulls with musket butts, and broke . . . — — Map (db m40570) HM
Confederates under Generals Lee, Jackson and Longstreet defeated Federals under General Pope. General Longstreet dined at Old Dogan House. Fierce fight of R.R. cut half mile northwest. — — Map (db m155276) HM
Neither side had anticipated the war's cost in blood. After the fighting at Manassas, burial details dug shallow graves where soldiers had fallen. There was little time for ceremony. Crude wooden headboards sometimes noted the soldier's name and . . . — — Map (db m58897) HM
Honoring the Fallen at Groveton
After the war, the remains of Confederate dead were reburied on the knoll to your right. To your left, a footpath leads to the house of the widow Lucinda Dogan, on whose land the cemetery was located. . . . — — Map (db m195124) HM
Like its companion monument on Henry Hill, this obelisk was constructed by Union soldiers at the close of the Civil War. It honors the Federal dead of the Second Battle of Manassas. The monument was dedicated on June 11, 1865. Souvenir hunters later . . . — — Map (db m90825) HM
In 1860, Benjamin Chinn and his family lived here in a two-and-a-half story frame farmhouse. Known as "Hazel Plain," the modest plantation comprised several hundred acres. The property was typical of those in Prince William County, yielding wheat, . . . — — Map (db m58865) HM
Today's serene and peaceful fields belie the carnage that occurred here on July 21, 1861, when Union and Confederate troops clashed at the first major land battle of the Civil War - the First Battle of Manassas (Bull Run). The heaviest and most . . . — — Map (db m155248) HM
On the tour route you follow in the footsteps of charging Union and Confederate troops, and stand where they loaded cannon or braced for a bayonet assault. Terrain and tree lines have changed little since that day. As you walk imagine deafening . . . — — Map (db m194363) HM
These are the grounds of the Henry House, where occurred the main action of the First Battle of Manassas, July 21, 1861, and the closing scene of the Second Battle of Manassas, August 30, 1862. — — Map (db m600) HM
Brig. Gen. Thomas J. Jackson's First Virginia Brigade, plus artillery, marched from Confederate headquarters at the Lewis House ("Portici") along this wagon path to Henry Hill, arriving here about noon. — — Map (db m8299) HM
In 1997 the National Park Service and the Smithsonian Institution began to develop a proposal at Manassas National Battlefield Park to mitigate the loss of wetlands resulting from the construction of the Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center, a National Air . . . — — Map (db m8374) HM
The road trace before you once linked the Spring Hill Farm (Henry Hill) and the Portici plantation. Both of these properties figured prominently at First Manassas and the narrow path connecting them became a conduit for Confederate troop movements. . . . — — Map (db m101440) HM
Union Soldiers built Henry Hill Monument to commemorate those who died at First Bull Run (Manassas). For many Civil War veterans this had been their first battle. Intense memories drew both Union and Confederate soldiers back to this scene years . . . — — Map (db m33211) HM
One of the earliest endeavors to remember the fallen occurred soon after the war concluded. Union troops stationed at nearby Fairfax Court House, many of whom had recently served on burial duty at the battlefield, recognized the need for a fitting . . . — — Map (db m94594) HM
The first instance in history
where survivors of a great battle
met fifty years after
and exchanged friendly greetings
at the place of actual combat.
Here on July 21, 1911, the closing scene was enacted,
The Tableau of the Re-United . . . — — Map (db m152405) HM
The morning of the battle was hot and still. Except for a few details the scene mirrored today's pastoral landscape. Fields lay fallow, overgrown with tall grass. Around the Henry House grew rose bushes and a small peach orchard. . . . — — Map (db m879) HM
Spring Hill Farm - now simply known as Henry Hill - lay fallow and overgrown in the summer of 1861. A small vegetable garden and orchard surrounded the frame house. Inside the home, 84-year old Judith Henry remained bedridden, too old to work the . . . — — Map (db m94595) HM
To the south stood the farmhouse of James Robinson, a former slave freed by Landon Carter. There, during the First Battle of Manassas on 21 July 1861, Col. Wade Hampton’s Legion covered the Confederates falling back to Henry Hill, where Jackson . . . — — Map (db m232640) HM
Killed near this spot by the explosion of shells in her dwelling during the Battle of the 21st of July, 1861. When killed she was in her 85th year and confined to her bed by the infirmities of age.
Her husband Dr. Isaac Henry was a Surgeon in . . . — — Map (db m610) HM
August 30, 1862 5:15 p.m. Kemper's Division, Right Wing (Longstreet) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Kemper's Brigade Col. Montgomery D. Corse 1st Virginia - 11th Virginia 7th Virginia - 17th Virginia 24th Virginia "We neared the Chinn . . . — — Map (db m9782) HM
August 30, 1862 5:30 p.m. Kemper's Division, Right Wing (Longstreet) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Kemper's Brigade Col. Montgomery D. Corse 1st Virginia - 11th Virginia 7th Virginia - 17th Virginia 24th Virginia "Above us, on a gentle . . . — — Map (db m9794) HM
Confederate reinforcements deployed into battle line at the edge of the woods behind you. Anchoring the center of this new position stood a brigade of Virginians — 2,500 strong — under the command of General Thomas J. Jackson. When told . . . — — Map (db m89242) HM
This house is the only remaining structure of the crossroads community of Groveton. Originally built as an overseer's cabin, it became the Dogan family's primary dwelling after the main house, "Peach Grove," burned in 1860. — — Map (db m17469) HM
This small frame house stands as the only surviving original structure of the crossroad village of Groveton. Widow Lucinda Dogan and her five young children moved here shortly after their residence, “Peach Grove,” burned in 1860. The family . . . — — Map (db m57997) HM
Welcome to Manassas National Battlefield Park. In two fierce battles fought thirteen months apart, Union and Confederate armies clashed here over the same ground.
Many of the key features of the battlefields survive today, including the . . . — — Map (db m195125) HM
Welcome to Manassas National Battlefield Park. In two fierce battles fought thirteen months apart, Union and Confederate armies clashed here over the same ground.
Many of the key features of the battlefields survive today, including the . . . — — Map (db m213664) HM
Officers were trying to hurry the long Union column down the road past Matthews Hill. (McDowell's flanking plan depended on speed and surprise.) Suddenly there was a rattle of musketry ahead. Like a nightmare in sunlight, men stumbled out of the . . . — — Map (db m101448) HM
False Hopes for Success At the First Battle of Manassas, Union forces here on Matthews Hill seemed on the verge of victory when Confederate lines collapsed late in the morning of July 21, 1861. Thirteen months later at the Second Battle of . . . — — Map (db m240790) HM
Part of an early 18th century plantation established on Bull Run by Col. Richard Blackburn formerly of Yorkshire, England, the land was acquired by Wilmer McLean in 1854. The battle which opened 1st Manassas raged across this farm July 18, 1861, . . . — — Map (db m657) HM
The depression of the old farm road and the jumbled house foundations before you are all that remain of the plantation "Meadowville". John Cundiff, a bachelor, lived here during the Civil War producing oats, potatoes and hay, on about 350 acres of . . . — — Map (db m8470) HM
Here on the south bank of Bull Run, Confederate forces constructed log-and-earth trenches to defend Mitchell’s Ford, a strategically important crossing point. On July 17, 1861, as Union Gen. Irvin McDowell’s army approached Centreville, . . . — — Map (db m35051) HM
(south face)
Dulce et decorum
est pro patria mori.
Erected
by the
United Daughters
of the
Confederacy
to the
Confederate
Dead.
We care not whence they came,
Dear in their lifeless clay!
Whether unknown or . . . — — Map (db m167095) WM
New York Remembers Its Own
In 1906 the State of New York authorized the erection of three monuments on the field of the Second Battle of Manassas, honoring the sacrifices of the Fifth New York Volunteers, the Tenth New York Volunteers, and . . . — — Map (db m213663) HM
In 1908 the General Assembly authorized ten agricultural high schools, one in each congressional district. The first such school was built in Manassas in 1908-1909 and named for Dr. Maitland C. Bennett, who donated the land. During construction, . . . — — Map (db m772) HM
Thirty minutes before the main assault, Colonel Hiram Berdan's 1st U.S. Sharpshooters clambered over the fence along the Groveton-Sudley Road and dashed into the open pasture. The skilled marksmen kept up a steady fire with their breech-loading . . . — — Map (db m58853) HM
The 5th N.Y. Infantry thought they had gotten off easy that day. The trees screened them from Confederate artillery fire, and most of the fighting was a mile off to the right near Deep Cut. Suddenly they heard heavy musket fire up ahead. Terrified . . . — — Map (db m9842) HM
Confederates were spread out along this ridge - 1100 men commanded by Col. Nathan "Shanks" Evans. At first light, Federals east of Stone Bridge sent a cannon shell screaming overhead. Skirmishers from both sides opened a sporadic musket fire. After . . . — — Map (db m9741) HM
From this ridge, Colonel Nathan G. Evans stood watch over the Stone Bridge, prepared to contest Union efforts to cross Bull Run. His brigade of 1,100 Confederates anchored the left flank of a seven mile defensive line guarding Manassas Junction. At . . . — — Map (db m94610) HM
Shot-up Confederate regiments stumbled past, in retreat from Matthews Hill. First along Warrenton Pike, then in Robinson’s Lane, Col. Wade Hampton’s South Carolinians tried to delay the Union advance. Slowly, with volley after volley of musket fire, . . . — — Map (db m899) HM
Colonel Wade Hampton's infantry occupied the Warrenton Turnpike in front of the Robinson farm as the Confederate position on Matthews Hill collapsed. Having arrived at Manassas Junction earlier that morning after a 30-hour train ride from Richmond, . . . — — Map (db m101443) HM
In July, 1911, an amazing event took place here at Manassas, Virginia. The Manassas National Jubilee of Peace brought together Union and Confederate veterans fifty years after the first major battle of the Civil War. For the first time, veterans . . . — — Map (db m2469) HM
The foundation stones in front of you are all that remain of a once grand estate known as Pittsylvania. Landon Carter, Jr., grandson of Robert “King” Carter, built Pittsylvania around 1765. The Georgian-style frame house stood on a . . . — — Map (db m62662) HM
Captain Charles Griffin's cannon, a section of Battery D, 5th U.S. Artillery, fired only two rounds when an unidentified line of infantry approached from the fence ahead. Who were they? Griffin proclaimed them the enemy. His commanding officer, the . . . — — Map (db m89204) HM
In clear view of artillerymen here, Confederates lined up at the fence and trees across the open field. The two cannon and supporting infantry could have stopped the Rebels cold, yet the four hundred charging Virginians were able to fire a musket . . . — — Map (db m881) HM
August 29 & 30, 1862 Headquarters, Army of Virginia, USA Pope's Headquarters Headquarters, Army of Virginia, USA 1:00 p.m. August 29 to 6:00 p.m. August 30, 1862 "There were no tents, nothing to mark the spot except a cracker box or two for . . . — — Map (db m14511) HM
On the ridge ahead of you stood "Portici," an important landmark of both battles of Manassas. In 1861, Frank Lewis resided here with his wife Fannie and two small children. Their middling plantation consisted of 769 acres. The family owned eleven . . . — — Map (db m241616) HM
Dedicated to the Citizens
of
Prince William County
who lost their lives in
the service of their country in
the the 1917 - World War - 1919
Fewell Athey •
Carrington Bailey •
Maurice Beavers •
John Blackwell •
John C. . . . — — Map (db m21983) HM
Of the 266 soldiers buried here, only two are fully identified. • Heavy fire often kept either side from claiming the dead, and after both battles the armies had to maneuver quickly. Some of the wounded lay for days in the blistering sun. • After . . . — — Map (db m408) HM
Expecting to outflank the Rebels, Col. Oliver O. Howard's Maine and Vermont regiments reached the top of this rise in two lines of battle. Suddenly the air exploded with shell fragments. A Confederate battery had opened fire from the Chinn House . . . — — Map (db m9830) HM
July 21, 1861 11:00 a.m. 2nd Brigade (Burnside, Second Division (Hunter) Army of Northeastern Virginia, USA Rhode Island Battery Capt. William H. Reynolds Six 13-Pounder James Rifled Guns "'Forward into line of action, front,' came Captain . . . — — Map (db m203835) HM
The home of James Robinson—a freed slave—stood here at the time of the battle. That morning hundreds of Confederates streamed through the yard as they retreated from the Union attach. Surprisingly, the property suffered little damage in . . . — — Map (db m5615) HM
Here stood the home of James Robinson and his family. Born "free" in 1799, James is listed as being of mixed racial parentage. Family oral history suggests that James' father was possibly a member of the Carter family of Pittsylvania plantation. In . . . — — Map (db m89249) HM
Named for Wm. H. Ruffner, Virginia’s first superintendent of public instruction, and opened as a public school on this date. Before free public schools were established by the Virginia constitution of 1869, a one room free school was in operation . . . — — Map (db m2425) HM
Second Battle of Manassas Confederate Skirmish Line, Afternoon of August 30, 1862As Union forces prepared to attack General Jackson's Confederate line along the unfinished railroad to the north, Union General John F. Reynolds made a personal . . . — — Map (db m203833) HM
On the Henry Hill, Pope’s rear guard, in the late afternoon of August 30, 1862, repulsed the attacks of Longstreet coming from the west. If the hill had been taken, Pope’s army would have been doomed; but the Unionists held it while the rest of . . . — — Map (db m108461) HM
August 30, 1862 5:15 p.m. Second Division (Ricketts) Third Corps (McDowell) Army of Virginia, USA Second Brigade Brig. Gen. Zealous B. Tower 26th New York - 88th Pennsylvania 94th New York - 90th Pennsylvania "The regiment rushed up on the . . . — — Map (db m9791) HM
August 30, 1862 3:15 p.m. Jackson's Division (Starke), Left Wing (Jackson) Army of Northern Virginia, CSA Second Brigade Col. Bradley T. Johnson 21st Virginia 48th Virginia 42nd Virginia 1st Virginia Battalion "We were fighting now as I never . . . — — Map (db m18306) HM
August 29, 1862 5:45 p.m. 1st Division (Stevens), Ninth Corps (Reno) Army of the Potomac, USA Second Brigade Col. Daniel Leasure “As we approached, we poured a well directed fire upon the enemy. Our line charged, and as the enemy . . . — — Map (db m40527) HM
August 29, 1862 5:30 p.m. 2nd Brigade (Birney), First Division (Kearny) Third Corps (Heintzelman), Army of the Potomac, USA 4th Maine Infantry Col. Elijah Walker 40th New York Infantry Col. Thomas W. Egan 101st New York Infantry Col. . . . — — Map (db m40556) HM
Like its companion monument on Henry Hill, this obelisk was constructed by Union soldiers at the close of the Civil War. It was dedicated during an elaborate ceremony held on June 10, 1865. — — Map (db m886) HM
Nothing could stop them now: sweeping downhill from Chinn Ridge thousands of Confederates crossed Chinn Branch and began crashing through these woods. Ahead was Sudley Road - the road to the Stone House intersection, and the chance to cut off any . . . — — Map (db m8359) HM
This elevation behind the Confederate right flank at Manassas in July
1861 was one of four Confederate
signal stations established by Capt. Edward Porter Alexander; Gen. P.G.T. Beauregard’s signal officer. Because the hilltop was devoid of trees, . . . — — Map (db m28376) HM
In July, 1861 this hilltop was devoid of trees and offered an excellent view of the surrounding country. Capt. Edward P. Alexander took advantage of this and quickly established a signal station here. The excellent visibility enabled the signal . . . — — Map (db m173343) HM
8:45 A.M. July 21st 1861 Battle of First Manassas (Bull Run).
From this hilltop Capt. E.P. Alexander, CSA, sent America’s first battlefield telecommunication: Look out for your left, you are turned. This short message to Col. Evans warning . . . — — Map (db m235330) HM WM
From the east side of this stream Union cannon fired the first shots of First Manassas at Confederates on the opposite ridge. The attack was a ruse. Though Stone Bridge offered one of the few easy routes across Bull Run, the main Union columns were . . . — — Map (db m2099) HM
This building links today’s landscape to the battlefield scene. The roadbeds have not changed; thousands of soldiers noticed the Stone House as they marched through this strategic intersection.
During both battles Federals turned the former . . . — — Map (db m846) HM
The Stone House at the intersection of the historic Warrenton Turnpike and Manassas-Sudley Road witnessed the shifting tides of battle at First and Second Manassas. Tour the house (open seasonally) and walk to the crest of Buck Hill, on your right, . . . — — Map (db m108171) HM
The historic Stone House, constructed prior to 1850, stands as one of the most recognizable landmarks of the Manassas Battlefields. Early owners established a tavern here, serving weary travelers along the Warrenton Turnpike (U.S. Route 29 . . . — — Map (db m152391) HM
Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee arrived on this hill late on the morning of August 29, 1862, to lead his reunited army in the Second Battle of Manassas. By the campaign's conclusion, he emerged victorious and seized the opportunity to lead his men . . . — — Map (db m108484) HM
The 2 ¼ mile Stuart's Hill loop trail takes you over the ground where General James Longstreet launched a massive Confederate counterattack late on the afternoon of August 30, 1862. After intense fighting on Chinn Ridge and along the Sudley Road, . . . — — Map (db m86259) HM
Strategic Roads and Forts On the morning of July 21, 1861, Union troops crossed
Bull Run at Sudley Ford. They they forded Catharpin Run at Sudley Springs Ford and passed
Sudley Methodist Church on their march to the First Battle of . . . — — Map (db m221600) HM
People were on their way to worship when thousands of Federal soldiers suddenly appeared marching south on Sudley Road. Within minutes the sound of gunfire came from the direction of Matthews Hill. As wounded men stumbled back behind the lines, . . . — — Map (db m58809) HM
Before being defined as a Battlefield, this landscape existed as the crossroads hamlet of Sudley Springs. Although it consisted of fewer than a dozen households in 1860, three features distinguished Sudley Springs from neighboring communities - a . . . — — Map (db m101436) HM
About 9:30 a.m. the Union flanking column, numbering 15,000 strong, began crossing Catharpin Run here and moved southward toward Matthews Hill. Late in the afternoon this ford served as one of the principal avenues of retreat for the defeated Union . . . — — Map (db m39209) HM
Soon after crossing Bull Run, the Union flanking column splashed across Catharpin Run here at Sudley Springs Ford. More than 13,000 soldiers passed this spot over a six-hour period. The lengthy march over dusty roads had taken its toll. . . . — — Map (db m62053) HM
Remembers the valor and devotion of her soldiers who participated in the battle of Second Manassas, Virginia - August 28-30, 1862.
On this field Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia won the decisive battle of the Northern . . . — — Map (db m231306) HM
In frantic suspense, Confederate President Jefferson Davis found it impossible to remain in Richmond. He secured a special train to Manassas Junction and then proceeded to the battlefield on horseback. As he approached Portici, the president learned . . . — — Map (db m101446) HM
Colonel Francis S. Bartow was killed near here while leading the 7th Georgia Infantry in a counterattack. An ardent defender of slavery and states' rights, the Georgia politician was placed in command of a brigade of state troops shortly before the . . . — — Map (db m101438) HM
Mid-afternoon on August 28, 1862, Union soldiers from General Rufus King's division rest along Pageland Lane awaiting orders for them to continue marching south seven miles to Manassas Junction. Late afternoon, orders arrived prompting King to . . . — — Map (db m167478) HM
(Left Panel): The Battlefield in 1862 At the time of the Civil War, the area of the Battlefield was largely agricultural. Fields and pastures alternated with woods, while modest farmsteads and middling plantations dotted the landscape. . . . — — Map (db m9865) HM
On the afternoon of August 30, 1862, the rolling fields of John Dogan’s farm, “Rosefield,” formed a crucial defensive position for General John Pope’s Union Army of Virginia. As General James Longstreet’s Confederate attack swept onto Chinn Ridge, . . . — — Map (db m14175) HM
Fighting opened here on Matthews Hill as Colonel Ambrose Burnside's brigade, leading the Union flanking column, collided with Confederates. Six James Rifles of the 2nd Rhode Island Battery established an advantageous position on the crest while . . . — — Map (db m101451) HM
Shells were exploding overhead as Ricketts’ men dueled Stonewall Jackson’s artillery, directly across the field. Sharpshooters’ bullets thumped into the wooden limber chests. On the rear slope horses were screaming, dying. Suddenly from the far . . . — — Map (db m194371) HM
To support the advance into Virginia, the Navy Department detailed a battalion of U.S. Marines for temporary field service with Brig. Gen. Irvin McDowell's Union army. The Marine Commandant, Col. John Harris, expressed misgivings about the . . . — — Map (db m194384) HM
In 1860, Martin Matthew owned a modest frame house on 123 acres. He shared the home with his brothers Carson and Edgar. The brothers cultivated wheat, corn, oats, and hay and also raised tobacco - a rarity in the area at the time. Woodlots provided . . . — — Map (db m101453) HM
Yankees were pinned down on the far side of the embankment, only ten yards away. After twenty minutes of continuous shooting, Confederates here were running out of ammunition. Frantically, they searched their dead and wounded comrades for . . . — — Map (db m903) HM
Yankees were pinned down on the far side of the embankment only yards away. After twenty minutes of continuous shooting, Confederates here were running out of ammunition. Frantically, they searched their dead and wounded comrades for cartridges. . . . — — Map (db m90889) HM
From this position the 71st assisted in driving the Confederate forces back toward Henry Hill. The regiment remained in this area for most of the battle and afterward covered the retreat of the Union Army from the field. The unit suffered 10 killed, . . . — — Map (db m8124) HM
From the woods ahead came the sound of many men approaching. Out of a fog of musket smoke the enemy appeared, charging with fixed bayonets straight at this position.
You are standing behind the Unfinished Railroad, Confederate General Stonewall . . . — — Map (db m659) HM
Stonewall Jackson set up his defensive line along a two mile section of these cuts and fills, which were originally grading for the Independent Line of the Manassas Gap Railroad. The railroad, begun in the 1850’s, ran out of money after the roadbed . . . — — Map (db m663) HM
On the morning of August 29, 1862, the Union Fifth Corps, nearly 10,000 troops under Major General Fitz John Porter, advanced from Manassas Junction along this road under orders from Major General John Pope to march towards Gainesville and cut off . . . — — Map (db m58298) HM
A Native of New Jersey, Abraham Van Pelt arrived in Prince William County in the 1850s. The 70-year-old Van Pelt, accompanied by his wife Jemima and daughter Elizabeth, settled on a 230-acre farm they called "Avon." The farm's location, astride the . . . — — Map (db m101434) HM
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