THE HISTORICAL
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Exploration Topic

 
By Mark Hilton, August 22, 2018
A County Older Than the State, Baldwin County Marker (reverse)
1 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Bay Minette — A County Older Than the State, Baldwin County —
On Courthouse Square (U.S. 31) at Hand Avenue, on the left when traveling east on Courthouse Square.
Third oldest county in Alabama. Created in 1809 while still part of Mississippi Territory. Named for Abraham Baldwin (1754-1807) founder of University of Georgia, delegate to Constitutional Convention, member of Congress, 1789-1807. . . . — — Map (db m100839) HM
2 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Daphne — The Village —
On Main Street south of U.S. 89.
By the 1750s, French colonists were living on family farms on the shores of Mobile Bay. One group of settlements, known as ‘The Village', was located here along on the bluffs of the eastern shore of the bay. The colonists raised cattle, pigs, and . . . — — Map (db m291606) HM
3 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Fairhope, Montrose Historic District — Ecor Rouge —
On Eastern Shore Trail south of Taylor Street, on the left when traveling north.
Near here at junction of Rock Creek and Mobile Bay lies Ecor Rouge, highest coastline point between Maine and Mexico. Aboriginal Indians held powwows and made pottery here. The red cliff, a mariners' landmark on Spanish maps of 1500's, called Ecor . . . — — Map (db m257464) HM
4 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Gulf Shores — Indian Village Achuse —
On Alabama Route 180 east of Gasque Lane, on the right when traveling west.
This Shell Banks Baptist Church rests near the location of the first Indian village in America visited by a white man. This was the Indian village of “Achuse” visited by Admiral Maldonado who was one of De Soto’s officers. He scouted the Florida . . . — — Map (db m66295) HM
5 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Magnolia Springs — The Springs —
Near Magnolia Springs Highway (County Route 49) 0.1 miles east of Oak Street.
Old tales have it that early explorers and even pirate vessels obtained potable water from springs scattered throughout the community of Magnolia Springs. This park is located at the largest of dozens of springs in the area. In 1865 The . . . — — Map (db m68486) HM
6 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Spanish Fort — Bay of the Holy Spirit —
On Battleship Parkway (U.S. 98) near Interstate 10, on the right when traveling east.
The earliest outline of a recognizable bay on the northern coast of the Gulf of Mexico was shown on a 1507 map by German cartographer Martin Waldeseemuller–the same map to first apply the name "America" to the New World. Alonso Álvarez de . . . — — Map (db m100841) HM
7 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Spanish Fort — Caisson Trace —
On Caisson Trace at Spanish Main Street, on the left when traveling west on Caisson Trace.
A trail used in early times by Indians, Spanish Explorers, French Settlers and later by soldiers during the battle of Spanish Fort 1865. At one time a stream driven train paralleled this trace. Its ancient road bed can still be seen south of this . . . — — Map (db m100877) HM
8 ► Alabama, Baldwin County, Spanish Fort — Spanish Fort —
On Spanish Main Street north of Spanish Fort Boulevard (U.S. 31), on the right when traveling north.
Rendezvous for Indians, Spanish, French and English Explorers. In 1865, Three Confederate Brigades, outnumbered 10 to 1, engaged the Army of West Mississippi (Union Forces) in the last battle of the War Between the States. March 26~April 9, 1865. — — Map (db m100844) HM
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9 ► Alabama, Butler County, Greenville — Bartram's Trail —
On Sherling Lake Road (County Road 44) 1 mile west of Braggs Road (State Route 263), on the right when traveling west.
William Bartram, America's first great naturalist, passed through northwest Butler County in July 1775. He described the "limestone rocks" and "banks of various kinds of sea shells" left by oceans that covered this area millions of years ago, and . . . — — Map (db m120937) HM
10 ► Alabama, Calhoun County, Oxford — The "Shattering" of the Mississippian World — AD 1540 to AD 1730 — Choccolocco Park Interpretive Trail —
Near Leon Smith Parkway.
The arrival of European explorers and colonists in North America disrupted the Mississippian world in ways that researchers are still working to understand. Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto arrived in the interior in AD 1540. He traveled . . . — — Map (db m144973) HM
11 ► Alabama, Cherokee County, Cedar Bluff — Indian Village of Costa —
On Old Alabama Route 9 west of Sewell Ferry Road, on the right when traveling west.
This general area is believed to be the site of the Indian village of Costa visited by DeSoto July 2, 1540. The very old cedar trees may have been here at that time. They are some of the largest in the Southeast. These cedars are among the . . . — — Map (db m114988) HM
12 ► Alabama, Choctaw County, Gilbertown — First Oil Well In Alabama —
On Paragon Road (County Road 16) 2 miles west of State Route 17, on the left when traveling west.
On January 2, 1944, the State of Alabama granted Hunt Oil Company a permit to drill the A.R. Jackson Well No. 1 at this location near Gilbertown. Hunt Oil Company was owned by the famous oil man, H.L. Hunt of Dallas, Texas. Drilling commenced on . . . — — Map (db m80351) HM
13 ► Alabama, Choctaw County, Gilbertown — First Oil Well in Alabama —
On Melvin Road at High Street on Melvin Road.
On this site was the "A. R. Jackson Well No. 1". It was Operated by Hunt Oil Company and was the first producer in the State of Alabama. This oil well was completed on February 16, 1944, and produced from the Selma Chalk formation. It sparked . . . — — Map (db m286132) HM
14 ► Alabama, Clay County, Delta — Home Sweet Home —
Near Alabama State Road 281 (Alabama Route 281).
The forests near Cheaha have been inhabited for thousands of years. Trade routes brought other native and non-native people to the area searching for ore, gemstones, venison, hides, furs, honey, beeswax, hickory nut oil, and other medicinal and . . . — — Map (db m175335) HM
15 ► Alabama, Cleburne County, Muscadine — Hernando de Soto in Alabama — The De Soto Trail —
Near Interstate 20 (Interstate 20) west of Route 37, on the right when traveling west.
Hernando De Soto in Alabama Hernando de Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto expedition had landed at Tampa . . . — — Map (db m114373) HM
16 ► Alabama, Colbert County, Muscle Shoals — Explore the River —
On Reservation Road.
Just downstream from Wilson Dam lies a series of trails maintained by the Tennessee Valley Authority. Starting at the Visitor Center, explore the trails as they meander along the riverbank and through the forest 1.Wilson Dam Visitor Center . . . — — Map (db m106186) HM
17 ► Alabama, Dallas County, Cahaba — Alabama's Native Prairie
On Capitol Street at Cahaba Road, on the right when traveling east on Capitol Street. Reported permanently removed.
Waist-high grasses billowing in the wind. Rolling prairie expanses. Most people connect these images with the Midwest's Great Plains. But for thousands of years, tallgrass soils of Alabama's Black Belt. Along prairie—25 miles across at its . . . — — Map (db m112692) HM
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18 ► Alabama, Dallas County, Selma — The De Soto Trail — Alabama De Soto Trail —
On U.S. 80 at State Route 219, on the right when traveling east on U.S. 80.
The Battle of Mabila The encounter at Mabila between the army of Hernando de Soto and the warriors of Chief Tascalusa ranks as one of the bloodiest Native American battles ever fought in North America. Though the Spaniards emerged . . . — — Map (db m274389) HM
19 ► Alabama, DeKalb County, Sulphur Springs — The De Soto Trail — Hernando De Soto In Alabama —
Near Interstate 59 1 mile north of County Road 140, on the right when traveling south.
Hernando De Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto expedition had landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, in the spring of . . . — — Map (db m213362) HM
20 ► Alabama, DeKalb County, Sulphur Springs — The De Soto Trail —
Near Interstate 59 1 mile north of County Road 140, on the right when traveling south.
1492 - Columbus visits Caribbean islands 1519 - Pineda visits Mobile area 1528 - Narváez reaches Mobile area 1540 - De Soto explores Alabama 1559 - De Luna retraces De Soto's route in Alabama 1702 - French establish first . . . — — Map (db m213363) HM
21 ► Alabama, Elmore County, Wetumpka — Bartram's Trail —
On West Fort Toulouse Road 0.1 miles west of U.S. 231, on the right when traveling west.
William Bartram, America’s first native born artist-naturalist, passed through Elmore County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. In 1776 the appointed botanist of Britain’s King . . . — — Map (db m69431) HM
22 ► Alabama, Elmore County, Wetumpka — William Bartram Arboretum — 1739 - 1823 —
Near West Fort Toulouse Road 0.2 miles south of Jackson Park Road.
William Bartram, the first native-born American artist-naturalist, of Philadelphia, visited this site on Christmas Day, 1776. This arboretum commerates (sic) the man, his visit to Fort Toulouse, and his travels through the southeastern . . . — — Map (db m83726) HM
23 ► Alabama, Houston County, Columbia — Omussee Creek Mound and the Ancestors of the Creeks — Creek Heritage Trail —
On Omussee Creek Road 0.5 miles north of Picnic Road, on the right when traveling north.
We do not know the exact date that residents of the community of which Omussee Creek Mound was a part abandoned the mound, but by around 1550 it was definitely in decline. Many believe this may have been part of a broader, regional depopulation due . . . — — Map (db m115034) HM
24 ► Alabama, Houston County, Cottonwood — Southern Boundary of the United States — 1795-1819 —
On U.S. 231 south of State Line Road, on the right when traveling north.
On October 27, 1795, the United States concluded the Treaty of San Lorenzo with Spain, establishing 31 north latitude as the boundary between its southern territory and West Florida. Despite Spanish delays, commissions representing the two . . . — — Map (db m73359) HM
25 ► Alabama, Lauderdale County, Florence, East Florence — Celia Ramirez Heil — Inducted 2026 — City of Florence Walk of Honor —
Near Hightower Place south of Veterans Drive ( Route 133), on the right when traveling south.
From hosting events in Washington for Mexican diplomats through the Senate Foreign Relations Committee to supporting researchers at McMurdo Station in Antarctica, Celia Heil was the first female of Mexican descent to visit the South Pole. — — Map (db m311523) HM
26 ► Alabama, Lauderdale County, Florence, East Florence — Jesse Clopton James — City of Florence Walk of Honor —
On Hightower Place.
As an accomplished scientist, Jesse C. James did groundbreaking studies of Venus, Mars, and the Sun; and he managed the Harvard Astronomy Station in Texas. He garnered 12 patents and authored 22 papers in scientific journals. Inducted 2019 City . . . — — Map (db m219180) HM
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27 ► Alabama, Lee County, Smiths Station — Line 32° 28´ North Latitude —
On County Road 430 0.6 miles south of County Road 248, on the left when traveling south.
Northern Boundary of: British W. Florida 1764-83 Spanish W. Florida 1783-95 Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804 Washington County 1800-12 Clarke County 1812-15 Southern Boundary of: British Illinois 1764-83 United States . . . — — Map (db m73532) HM
28 ► Alabama, Limestone County, Ardmore — Hernando De Soto in Alabama — De Soto Trail —
On Upper Elkton Road.
The Highway Route The Highway Route of the De Soto Trail is intended to follow the actual trail as closely as major highways permit. These highways are U.S. 278 from the Georgia line to Piedmont, Ala; Ala. 21 to Winterboro; Ala. 76 to . . . — — Map (db m85384) HM
29 ► Alabama, Lowndes County, Tyler — Talisi visited by De Soto — Sept. 18, 1540 —
On U.S. 80 at County Road 7, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 80.
. . . — — Map (db m81920) HM
30 ► Alabama, Macon County, Tuskegee — Bartram's Trail —
On Forest Road 949 0.2 miles north of State Route 186, on the left when traveling north.
William Bartram, America's first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Macon County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain's King George . . . — — Map (db m99676) HM
31 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Armstrong • Collins • Aldrin — Launched: July 16, 1969 • Landed: July 20, 1969 • Splashdown: July 24, 1969 — "That's one small step for a man, one giant leap for mankind." —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Neil Armstrong, Apollo 11 commander, spoke his famous words as he stepped onto the surface of the Moon. On July 20, 1969, President John F. Kennedy's mandate that America go to the Moon was fulfilled - Apollo 11's lunar module Eagle . . . — — Map (db m85465) HM
32 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Astronaut Facts — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
Of the 355 individuals that flew on NASA's Space Shuttles, 306 were men and 49 were women. Over the course of the program, astronauts from 16 different countries flew Shuttle missions. Sally Ride became the first American woman in space when . . . — — Map (db m247462) HM
33 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Atlantis, OV-104 — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
Atlantis was named after the primary research vessel for the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute in Massachusetts from 1930 to 1966. Atlantis was the fourth operational Shuttle and made its first flight, STS-51J, on Oct. 3, 1985. This Shuttle sent . . . — — Map (db m247466) HM
34 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Cernan • Evans • Schmitt — Launched: December 7, 1972 • Landed: December 11, 1972 • Splashdown: December 19, 1972 — "...America's challenge of today has forged man's destiny of tomorrow." —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Commander Gene Cernan spoke these words as the last man to walk on the Moon. Apollo 17 was the final Apollo mission and the crowning achievement of the entire Apollo program. The mission set numerous Apollo program records: the longest mission, . . . — — Map (db m85489) HM
35 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Conrad • Gordon • Bean — Launched: November 14, 1969 • Landed: November 19, 1969 • Splashdown: November 24, 1969 — "I see the Surveyor! I see the Surveyor!" —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Command module pilot Richard Gordon assured Pete Conrad, lunar module commander, that his landing was right on target. Apollo 12 stands out as the first of the Moon flights to achieve a pinpoint landing. Despite a rocky start caused by . . . — — Map (db m85492) HM
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36 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Cosmic Apple Tree — Dedication Date: October 9, 2009 — Boeing —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
Alabama Astronaut Joe F. Edwards flew the seeds that formed this tree aboard the Space Shuttle Endeavor (OV-105). Launched on January 22, 1998, the seeds traveled with Edwards over 3.6 million miles. After 8 days, 19 hours, and 48 minutes of . . . — — Map (db m247204) HM
37 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Discovery, OV-103 — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
Discovery was named after one of the two ships used by the British explorer Captain James Cook when he discovered Hawaii and explored Alaska and northwestern Canada in the 1770s. Discovery was the third operational Shuttle and made its third . . . — — Map (db m247460) HM
38 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — External Tank — Liquid Propellent Supply for Space Shuttle Main Engines —
Near Tranquilty Base 0.5 miles west of Madison Pike, on the left when traveling west.
The tank exhibited at the U. S. Space & Rocket Center is real. It was delivered to NASA in 1977 it was the first ever built for the shuttle program. The tank was used in the Space Shuttle Main Engine test program at NASA’s Stennis Space Center in . . . — — Map (db m98216) HM
39 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Flight Span 30 Years — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
The Space Shuttle, officially called the Space Transportation System (STS) began its flight career on April 12, 1981, with the launch of Columbia from Launch Pad 39A at NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida. Atlantis flew the final . . . — — Map (db m247647) HM
40 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Lovell • Swigert • Haise — Launched: April 11, 1970 • Splashdown: April 17, 1970 — "Okay Houston, Hey, We've got a problem here..." —
On Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Commander Jim Lovell's words initiated heroic efforts by crew and mission control to salvage a crippled spacecraft and return Apollo 13 safely to Earth. The Apollo 13 mission is the only Apollo flight remembered primarily for the effort to . . . — — Map (db m85543) HM
41 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — McDivitt • Scott • Schweickart / Stafford • Young • Cernan — Launched:March 3, 1969 • Splashdown:March 13,1969 / Launched:May 18, 1969 • Splashdown:May 26, 1969 — “…We had to fly once more before we take the big step…” —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
"…We had to fly once more before we take the big step…" —Apollo spacecraft program manager, George Low, explained why landing on the Moon would have to wait a little longer. Apollo missions 9 and 10 served as vital dress rehearsals. . . . — — Map (db m85544) HM
42 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Ms. Baker: Monkeynaut —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Madison Pike, on the left when traveling west.
Able, an American-born rhesus monkey, and Baker, a South American squirrel monkey, were launched on May 28, 1959, aboard an Army Jupiter missile. Launched in the nose cone, the two animals were carried to a 300-mile altitude, and both were recovered . . . — — Map (db m239330) HM
43 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — NASA Lunar Module (LM) —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
This vehicle was designed to land two astronauts on the moon and then launch them from its surface. It consisted of two main sections. The lower portion is the Descent Stage, with landing gear, propellant tanks, and a descent engine that could be . . . — — Map (db m247472) HM
44 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — NASA Saturn I —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
The Saturn I was the first American launch vehicle developed solely for space exploration. Taller than a 16-story building, the Saturn I launched 10 tons (9 metric tons) of payload into Earth orbit. First static tested in Huntsville in May of 1961, . . . — — Map (db m247646) HM
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45 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Saturn V —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Used during the Apollo Lunar Landing Program of the 1960's and 1970's, the Saturn V rocket remains the largest, most powerful rocket ever built. This full scale mock up was completed in July 1999 to serve as the focal point for the 30th . . . — — Map (db m85601) HM
46 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Schirra • Eisele • Cunningham / Borman • Lovell • Anders — Launched: October 11, 1968 • Splashdown: October 22, 1968 — Launched: December 21, 1968 • Splashdown: December 27, 1968 —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
"…A Merry Christmas and God bless all of you • All of you • On the good Earth." With these good wishes, the crew of Apollo 8 signed off their Christmas Eve telecast from orbit around the Moon. These successful flights came only months . . . — — Map (db m85602) HM
47 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Scott • Worden • Irwin — Launched: July 26, 1971 • Landed: July 30, 1971 • Splashdown: August 7, 1971 — "It's really rolling hills, up and down we go, buckin' bronco!" —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Lunar module pilot Jim Irwin described his ride in the first lunar rover. The Apollo 15 mission is best remembered for introducing the electric Lunar Roving Vehicle, better known as the rover (which was developed at Huntsville's Marshall Space . . . — — Map (db m85603) HM
48 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Seasoned Global Traveler — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
NASA's Space Shuttles have traveled 542,398,878 miles, making 21,152 Earth orbits. Each vehicle consisted of around 2.5 million moving parts. — — Map (db m247469) HM
49 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Shepard • Roosa • Mitchell — Launched: January 31, 1971 • Landed: February 5, 1971 • Splashdown: February 9, 1971 — "...It's been a long way, but we're here." —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Alan Shepard's first words on the Moon - ten years after he made history as the first American in space. Less than a year after the "successful failure" of Apollo 13, the mission of Apollo 14 accomplished much of what its predecessor had hoped . . . — — Map (db m85605) HM
50 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Shuttle Training Aircraft — Gulfstream II C-11A, G-1159 —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
An Unusual Hybrid Chief among the many changes made to the Gulfstream G-11 for use as a Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA) is the highly modified cockpit in order to provide the most realistic approach and landing training possible, all the . . . — — Map (db m247645) HM
51 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Space Shuttle Main Engine/RS-25 —
On Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike.
Development for use for the Space Shuttle, the Space Shuttle Main Engine or RS-25 powered 30 years of spaceflight during 135 missions. The Space Shuttle used three Main Engines, along with two Solid Rocket Boosters, for lift-off. After the solid . . . — — Map (db m247206) HM
52 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — The Orbiter — U.S. Space & Rocket Center —
Near Tranquility Base west of Old Madison Pike when traveling west.
Most commonly referred to as the Space Shuttle, the Orbiter was the only part of the Shuttle "Stack" that made the trip into orbit. Its Solid Rocket Boosters were jettisoned into the Atlantic Ocean, retrieved, and reused. The external tank was the . . . — — Map (db m247467) HM
53 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — U.S. Army/NASA Juno II —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Madison Pike, on the left when traveling west.
The Juno II was a modified Jupiter rocket with upper stages and payload sections. Its single engine-just like the Jupiter's-could be gimbaled during launch for steering control. Juno II played an important role in the history of space flight. In . . . — — Map (db m98218) HM
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54 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville — Young • Mattingly • Duke — Launched: April 16, 1972 • Landed: April 20, 1972 • Splashdown: April 27, 1972 — "Look at the size of that rock!" —
Near Tranquility Base 0.5 miles west of Old Madison Pike NW, on the left when traveling west.
Lunar module pilot, Charlie Duke, exclaimed. The Apollo 16 astronauts may have qualified for the Guinness Book of World Records for pushing their lunar rover to eleven miles per hour - but that was not their most serious accomplishment. . . . — — Map (db m69754) HM
55 ► Alabama, Madison County, Huntsville, Quigley — Dr. Wernher von Braun —
On Monroe Street Southwest south of Clinton Ave W, on the left when traveling north.
This plaque was placed here by citizens of Huntsville and Madison County, Alabama in honor of Dr. Wernher von Braun who directed research and development operations for the Army at Redstone Arsenal from 1950 to 1960, and served as Director of . . . — — Map (db m279895) HM
56 ► Alabama, Marshall County, Guntersville — Indian Village Tali —
On Gunter Avenue (U.S. 431) at Court Street, on the left when traveling south on Gunter Avenue.
One mile northeast on McKee's Island was the Indian village Tali visited by De Soto 1540 — — Map (db m235557) HM
57 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Dauphin Island — Dauphin Island —
On Bienville Boulevard at Lackland Street, on the right when traveling east on Bienville Boulevard.
This island, rich in history and legend, was known to Europeans by 1502. Pineda visited in 1519, Narvaes and deVaca in 1528, the fleet of deSoto in 1540, and the deLuna colonists in 1559. In 1699, d'Iberville and Bienville arrived under orders . . . — — Map (db m226727) HM
58 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Grand Bay — William Bartram Trail — Traced 1773-1777 — Deep South Region —
Near Interstate 10 2 miles east of Franklin Creek Road.
In 1775, William Bartram, Colonial naturalist, visited Mobile and environs recording flora, fauna, land areas, and rivers. — — Map (db m102188) HM
59 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Le Moyne — Ellicott's Stone — Erected April 9th, 1799 —
On U.S. 43 at milepost 19, 0.1 miles south of Lofton Road, on the right when traveling north.
Marks 1st Southern Boundary of the United States and the Mississippi Territory created in 1798 -----900 feet East----- Stone marked 31° North Latitude separating the U.S. & Spanish Florida. This line of demarcation ran from the . . . — — Map (db m104073) HM
60 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Crown & Scepter of Isabel —
Near Government Street (U.S. 90) just east of South Hamilton Street, on the right when traveling east.
The first and only replica of the Crown & Scepter of Queen Isabella and casks of earth from her place of birth, Madrical, Old Castile, and her place of interment, the Basilica at Granada, reside here, gifts from her beloved Granada. The originals . . . — — Map (db m154246) HM
61 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Hernando de Soto — C 1500-1542 —
Near South Franklin Street south of Government Street (U.S. 90), on the left when traveling north.
Adventurer Soldier Dreamer. The first to bring the influence of Spain, its laws, its culture to Alabama. This is an original concept in stone of DeSoto. Vicinte Rodilla Zanón of Valencia • Sculptor 1967 • — — Map (db m154241) HM
62 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Isabel La Catolica — 1451-1504 —
Near Government Street (U.S. 90) just east of South Hamilton Street, on the right when traveling east.
“Columbus, I lent you my jewels so you could buy your ships: the only ornaments I have are the violets from the hills.” This statue, a gift from the Spanish Cultural Institute, stood in the Spanish Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair. . . . — — Map (db m154242) HM
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63 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Our Spanish Heritage —
On Government Street (U.S. 90) east of South Hamilton Street, on the right when traveling east.
Spain came first to our shores in 1519, and her maps gave first to the world knowledge of our lands — Piñeda, De Soto, and then Gálvez. Returning in 1780, she conquered, and wise and benign, ruled for thirty-three years this city, whose . . . — — Map (db m149975) HM
64 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville —
On St Francis Street at North Conception Street, on the right when traveling east on St Francis Street.
A la gloire de Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville, le heros dela baie d'Hudson, de Terre-Neuve et de Nevis, qui fonda en 1702 Mobile
premiere ville de la Louisiane Française. ———— Ne a Montréal en . . . — — Map (db m86490) HM
65 ► Alabama, Mobile County, Mobile — Tristan de Luna y Arellano — 1519–1573 —
Near Battleship Parkway (U.S. 98) 0.7 miles south of Interstate 10, on the right when traveling east.
Spanish conquistador who in the summer of 1559 led a large fleet to the northern Gulf Coast in the earliest grand attempt to colonize the area for Spain. He sailed into Mobile Bay in August 1559 with 11 ships, more than 500 soldiers, 1000 men, . . . — — Map (db m136742) HM
66 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Hope Hull — William Bartram — 1739 ~ 1823 —
On Federal Road 0.9 miles south of Cloverfield Road (County Road 24), on the left when traveling south.
During the Revolutionary War-era, American naturalist and artist William Bartram journeyed through the Southeast studying flora, fauna, and indigenous cultures. His trek through wilderness territory often followed established Native American . . . — — Map (db m268660) HM
67 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Maxwell Air Force Base — Site of Indian Town Tawasa — 1540-1814 —
Near West Hickory Street at Chennault Circle when traveling west.
This stone marks the site of the Indian town Tawasa Visited by De Soto September 5-13-1540 Also by Bienville 1715 — — Map (db m72176) HM
68 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery — Alabama River: The Grand Avenue —
Near Water Street west of Whitman Street, on the right when traveling west.
Twelve miles above Montgomery the Coosa and Tallapoosa rivers unite to form the Alabama which meanders over four hundred miles on its way to Mobile Bay. This river has played major role in region's history, being a thoroughfare for Native Americans, . . . — — Map (db m26591) HM
69 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery — Europeans Along the Alabama River —
Near Water Street.
1540 expedition of Spanish explorer Hernando de Soto was first to penetrate Alabama interior. After advancing down Coosa Valley these adventurers camped nearby at Towasa (TO THE WEST) and then followed river on its southern course. In 1702. . . . — — Map (db m224812) HM
70 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Montgomery — Struggle For Colonial Empire —
Near Water Streer at Commerce Street, on the right when traveling west.
Here on May 24, 1703, Alabama Indians ambushed the first French explorers from Mobile, killing three and wounding two critically. The Indians were armed and were used as pawns by British agents from Carolina in the European struggle for dominion . . . — — Map (db m67999) HM
71 ► Alabama, Montgomery County, Mt. Meigs — Ulibahali —
On Wares Ferry Road at U.S. 80, on the right when traveling north on Wares Ferry Road.
{unreadable} Miles North Was Ulibahali An Indian Town Visited by DeSoto 1540 — — Map (db m292627) HM
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72 ► Alabama, Pickens County, Aliceville — George Downer Field — Aliceville, Alabama — Dedicated Nov. 7, 1961 —
On Alabama Route 17 0.2 miles south of Iron Bridge Road, on the right when traveling south.
Named in honor of George Noonan Downer, Sr. who rendered exemplary community service for more than 50 years. Gov. John Patterson was dedicatory speaker on Nov. 7, 1961. Mr. Downer was born at Cooksville, Miss., July 31, 1888. Served 30 years as . . . — — Map (db m92648) HM
73 ► Alabama, Russell County, Fort Mitchell — Archaeology And Our Understanding of the Creek People — Creek Heritage Trail —
Near County Route 165 2.3 miles south of Nuckols Road (Road 39).
Archaeology is the scientific study of the past through analysis of physical traces of daily life discovered through excavation. It enables us to extend our knowledge of human history beyond the limits of written records and to learn details about . . . — — Map (db m101816) HM
74 ► Alabama, Russell County, Phenix City — The Creek Town of Coweta — Creek Heritage Trail —
Near Dillingham Street at Brickyard Road (Route 61).
The town of Coweta was actually two separate Native American settlements and dozens of affiliated outlying communities occupied at different times in what is now northeastern Russell County. "Coweta Tallahassee" (old Coweta), regarded by most . . . — — Map (db m101328) HM
75 ► Alabama, Russell County, Phenix City — William Bartram Trail — Traced 1773-1777 — Deep South Region
On U.S. 280 just east of General Colin Powell Parkway, in the median. Reported missing.
Wm. Bartram, Colonial naturalist, crossed theis "Chata Uche" in 1777. He described the water as clear, cool, and salubrious. — — Map (db m165836) HM
76 ► Alabama, St. Clair County, Pell City — None — A County Older Than The State — St. Clair County —
On Cogswell Avenue at 18th Street, on the right when traveling west on Cogswell Avenue.
Created in 1818 by territorial legislature. Named for Revolutionary hero, Gen. St. Clair. First settlers from Tennessee, Georgia – veterans of Creek Indian War, 1813-14. Pell City established as industrial town in 1890 by George H. Pell of . . . — — Map (db m49666) HM
77 ► Alabama, Sumter County, Cuba — Hernando De Soto In Alabama — Alabama De Soto Trail —
Near Interstate 20, on the right when traveling east.
Hernando de Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama, in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto expedition had landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, in the spring of . . . — — Map (db m294530) HM
78 ► Alabama, Sumter County, Cuba — The De Soto Trail — Alabama De Soto Trail —
On Interstate 20, on the right when traveling east.
1492 — Columbus visits Caribbean islands 1519 — Pineda visits Mobile area 1528 — Narvaez reaches Mobile area 1540 — De Soto explores Alabama 1559 — De Luna retraces De Soto's route in Alabama 1702 — . . . — — Map (db m294532) HM
79 ► Alabama, Sumter County, York — Line 32° 28´ North Latitude —
On 4th Avenue (U.S. 11) 0.6 miles north of Longshore Drive, on the right when traveling north.
Northern Boundary of: British W. Florida 1764-83 Spanish W. Florida 1783-95 Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804 Washington County 1800-12 Clarke County 1812-15 Southern Boundary of: British Illinois 1764-83 United States . . . — — Map (db m89725) HM
80 ► Alabama, Talladega County, Childersburg — Coosa —
On Plant Road (Alabama Route 235 at milepost 2), on the left when traveling north.
Important Indian town for over 250 years and capital of Coosa province. Visited by DeSoto in 1540, and later by Spanish, French, British colonial explorers and traders. Early writers tell of abundant food crops, wild and cultivated, . . . — — Map (db m57994) HM
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81 ► Alabama, Talladega County, Childersburg — De Soto's Visit —
On U.S. 280 at Childersburg Fayettville Highway (State Highway 76), on the right when traveling south on U.S. 280.
. . . — — Map (db m44230) HM
82 ► Alabama, Talladega County, Childersburg — History Of Childersburg —
On 1st Street Southwest (State Highway 76) at 6th Avenue Southwest, on the right when traveling east on 1st Street Southwest.
Childersburg traces its heritage to the Coosa Indian village located in the area. DeSoto, accompanied by 600 men, began his march across North America in June 1539. Traveling from Tampa Bay, Florida, northward through what became the Southeastern . . . — — Map (db m45137) HM
83 ► Alabama, Talladega County, Childersburg — The De Soto Trail / Chief Coosa And His Dominion — Alabama De Soto Trail —
On U.S. 280 at Childersburg Fayettville Highway (State Highway 76), on the right on U.S. 280.
1492 - Columbus visits Caribbean islands 1519 - Pineda visits Mobile area 1528 - Narváez reaches Mobile area 1540 - De Soto explores Alabama 1559 - De Luna retraces De Soto’s route in Alabama 1702 - French establish first permanent colony . . . — — Map (db m45496) HM
84 ► Alabama, Washington County, Chatom — Washington County — First County in Alabama —
On Court Street north of Central Avenue ( Route 56), on the left when traveling north.
Created in 1800 by proclamation of governor of Mississippi Territory. This was first U.S. civil government in area that was to become Alabama. Its original boundaries: East to west: Chattahoochee to Pearl River; South, 31° lat. . . . — — Map (db m122343) HM
85 ► Alaska, Anchorage, Downtown — Anchorage Area Pre 1915 —
On West 4th Avenue west of C Street, on the right when traveling west.
In 1778, Captain James Cook sailed up "River Turnagain", present day Turnagain Arm. At the time, the Cook Inlet-Susitna River Basins were inhabited by coastal Athabaskan Indians, the Tanainas. The Dena'ina, a sub-group of the Tanaina, lived in . . . — — Map (db m260164) HM
86 ► Alaska, Anchorage, Downtown — Captain James Cook — R.N., F.R.S. — Navigator, Explorer, Chartmaker, Scientist, Humanist / 1728 – 1779 —
Near L Street.
James Cook was born in Yorkshire, England, on October 27, 1728. He was apprenticed to serve on sailing ships built in Whitby, near his birthplace, to carry coal along the English coast. At age 26, he joined the Royal Navy, took part in actions . . . — — Map (db m72493) HM
87 ► Alaska, Anchorage, Downtown — Resolution Park 1776 / 1778 —
On L Street, on the right when traveling south.
1776 Two events destined to change the history of the world took place the first week of July 1776. On the fourth day of July, the Representatives of the United States of America, in general congress assembled at Philadelphia, declared . . . — — Map (db m69767) HM
88 ► Alaska, Chugach Census Area, Valdez — Gold Rush Pioneer Trail: The Richardson Highway, Oldest Highway in Alaska —
Near Richardson Highway (Alaska Route 4).
Miners in 1897 built the Valdez-Eagle Trail. In Klondike Gold Rush, it was used for telegraph lines to Fairbanks. 1910 upgrade, called the Valdez-Fairbanks Wagon Road, under Gen. Wiles P. Richardson, improved for wagon use in the Keystone Canyon . . . — — Map (db m257002) HM
89 ► Alaska, Copper River Census Area, Copper Center — Intrepid Travelers —
Near Richardson Hwy.
The prospector... knows to an ounce what he needs for a "trip" as he calls an expedition. "Anyone that can't 'pack' ninety pounds would better not come to Alaska," they say, "for this is the least with which he can get along out 'in the . . . — — Map (db m255392) HM
90 ► Alaska, Copper River Census Area, Slana — Allen's Incredible Journey — Gold Rush Centennial —
On Glenn Highway (State Highway 1 at milepost 56.1), on the right when traveling east.
Lieutenant Henry T. Allen led one of America's epic journeys of exploration in 1885. In five months, his expedition crossed 1,500 miles of largely unexplored territory including this valley. The information Allen collected about interior Alaska . . . — — Map (db m255523) HM
91 ► Alaska, Copper River Census Area, Wrangell-St. Elias National Park & Preserve — Traversing the Wilderness — Wrangell-St. Elias National Park and Preserve — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Richardson Hwy.
The first people of interior Alaska arrived hundreds of generations ago…They moved slowly across the low-lying land known as Beringia, or the Bering Land Bridge. Jean S. Agner, Professor of Anthropology, University of Alaska, . . . — — Map (db m255394) HM
92 ► Alaska, Denali Borough, Denali National Park and Preserve — Meet the Neighbors — There was a time when arriving passengers were greeted by a frontier community — Denali National Park and Preserve —
On Railroad Depot Rd, on the right when traveling north.
When the railroad station was built in 1922, on land then outside park boundaries, There was already a tiny settlement here. it came to be known as McKinley Park Station. The entrepreneurs who established it sought to profit from railroad . . . — — Map (db m283499) HM
93 ► Alaska, Denali Borough, Denali National Park and Preserve — Road to Wildness —
Near Park Road.
"A main artery road through the passes is the park's most urgent need." — Mt. McKinley National Park Superintendent Harry Karstens, 1921
Harry Karstens realized a national park needed to be accessible to its . . . — — Map (db m257617) HM
94 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, College — The Russian American Company —
Near Yukon Drive.
In 1799, the Russian American Company (RAC) was established via a 20-year renewable charter granting a monopoly over trading in Russia's North American holdings. The company focused on exploiting fur resources in Alaska during the first charter . . . — — Map (db m256337) HM
95 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, College, Pike's Landing — 4 — "Wise Mike" Stepovich — Dog Ran Away With Gold Brick — Cabin 4 —
Near Hoselton Road.
It appears that considerable amusement was furnished by "Wise Mike" Stepovich, whose 2 ½ tons of quartz ore ran through the Citizen's mill this week yielded $700.00. (about 43 oz.)[.] Wise Mike was so jubilant at the richness of the ore that he . . . — — Map (db m257502) HM
96 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, College, Pike's Landing — 19 — Alphonso L'Kievicz — Goldsmith, Miner & Dredger — Cabin 19 —
Near Hoselton Road.
Alphonso L'Kievicz was a man well calculated for frontier life, for to him all things seem easy and nothing to be excited about. He came to Fairbanks in the early days and brought the first suction dredge here in 1908, which he set up . . . — — Map (db m257540) HM
97 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, College, Pike's Landing — Felix Pedro — Felice Pedroni's 1902 Goldrush — Fairbanks, Alaska —
Near Hoselton Road.
Felix Pedro changed his name from Felice Pedroni when he immigrated to America and then made his way to Alaska in his mid-30's. Felix discovered gold in the Tanana hills surrounding modern day Fairbanks in July 1902. Felix was E.T. Barnette's . . . — — Map (db m257493) HM
98 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, College, Pike's Landing — 16 — Felix, Joy, & Dandy Pedro — Death of Joy, Felix Pedro's Dog — Cabin 16 —
Near Hoselton Road.
In the early days of our local history, a dog was a revered animal to many men. A good dog could help shoulder a load, provide an ear for a lonely miner, patrol mining camp perimeters and alerting of impending intrusion by either man or beast, . . . — — Map (db m257536) HM
99 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, Eielson Air Force Base — Col Carl Ben Eielson —
On Central Avenue, on the left when traveling south.
July 20, 1897 · Born in Hatton, North Dakota. 1922-23 · Principal of high school, Fairbanks, Alaska. February 21, 1924 · Flew first airmail to McGrath. March 3, 1924 · Honorary Member Pioneers of Alaska. April 1928 · Flew over top of . . . — — Map (db m255962) HM
100 ► Alaska, Fairbanks North Star Borough, Fairbanks — Citizen's Mill (1909-1915) —
Near Airport Way.
From 1905 to 1909, Fairbanks enjoyed several fruitful years of mining as a placer gold camp. However, promising new gold strikes in other parts of Alaska were beginning to pull people and businesses out of Fairbanks. Several key businessmen . . . — — Map (db m257489) HM

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Oct. 10, 2026