Dr. Thomas Walker and 5 companions.
employed by the Loyal Land Company, came
into this region April 14, 1750, to locate
lands for settlement in these western reaches
of Virginia. His 1750 journal relates that
he established a camp at this spot . . . — — Map (db m159751) HM
Rev. Hiram M. Frakes founded this Methodist Settlement in 1925. Begun in a cabin with 13 students, it became an institution for spiritual and educational development of mountain youth. Frakes guided and influenced the entire Middle Laurel Fork . . . — — Map (db m162490) HM
"Cumberland Gap is the strongest position I have ever seen except Gibraltar." These were Union General George W. Morgan's words after viewing the fortification around the Gap. On June 19, 1862, he wrote to Secretary of War Edwin M. Stanton, "The . . . — — Map (db m207707) HM
During the Civil War, Cumberland Gap was held alternately by Union and CSA armies. USA forces under Gen. George W. Morgan occupied it June 18 to Sept. 17, 1862. Cut off from supplies and surrounded, Morgan with 9,000 men retreated successfully to . . . — — Map (db m50230) HM
The next half-mile of trail follows the 1907 roadbed of an "Object Lesson Road." Early in the 20th century, most rural roads, especially here in the Appalachians, were little better than in the days of Daniel Boone. The U.S. Department of . . . — — Map (db m207716) HM
The trail ahead follows the 1907 roadbed of an Object Lesson Road. Early in the 20th century, most rural roads, especially here in the Appalachians, were little better than in the days of Daniel Boone. The U.S. Department of Agriculture sponsored . . . — — Map (db m207717) HM
Grave of Colonel Arthur Campbell (1743-1811). Statesman, revolutionary soldier, justice, legislator, county lieutenant. Sons, James and John killed in War of 1812. — — Map (db m57938) HM
Some of today's Cumberland Gap National Historical Park was created from land where homes, fields, and community buildings once stood. The view from here has changed dramatically over the past century.
Bartlett-Rhodes Park, named for two . . . — — Map (db m205050) HM
(side 1)
Cumberland Gap
Providing a viable transportation route through the rugged terrain of the Appalachian Mountains, the Cumberland Gap was valued by both Union and Confederate armies during the Civil War. Along with the East . . . — — Map (db m181079) HM
During the Civil War this earthwork - called Fort Rains by the Confederates and Fort McCook by the Federals - was one of many fortifications ringing Cumberland Gap. These defenses were considered too formidable to be taken by direct assault, which . . . — — Map (db m207773) HM
Where you see a picnic ground today, imagine a seven-sided structure made of earth and wooden walls, approximately 40 feet by 70 feet. The outer walls of this Civil War fort were approximately five feet high with an earth-covered powder magazine . . . — — Map (db m88656) HM
Where you see a picnic ground today, imagine a Civil War fort the size of four football fields side-by-side atop this knoll. The outer walls, made of packed earth faced with logs, rose 10 feet high. Like the other batteries, forts, and rifle pits . . . — — Map (db m205085) HM
At daybreak skirmishing parties of the enemy opened fire...from the adjacent hills....Minie balls are falling within our works. I have no artillery. The snow is falling thickly and the morning is dark. Our men are in the trenches....One man is . . . — — Map (db m207772) HM
For travelers who had to walk, the Appalachian mountains seemed like an impenetrable wall, 600 miles long and 150 miles wide. Here at Cumberland Gap you could find both a good way in and a good way out of that rugged labyrinth of ridges, coves, . . . — — Map (db m35880) HM
For travelers who had to walk, the Appalachian mountains seemed like an impenetrable wall, 600 miles long and 150 miles wide. Here at Cumberland Gap you could find both a good way in and a good way out of that rugged labyrinth of ridges, coves, . . . — — Map (db m205056) HM
For travelers who had to walk, the Appalachian mountains seemed like an impenetrable wall, 600 miles long and 150 miles wide. Here at Cumberland Gap you could find both a good way in and a good way out of that rugged labyrinth of ridges, . . . — — Map (db m205084) HM
For the North, Cumberland Gap was a natural invasion route into the South - providing access to vulnerable railroads and valuable minerals and salt works in East Tennessee and southwest Virginia. For the South, the Gap was a gateway for an . . . — — Map (db m207774) HM
The long crater you see here is all that remains of the Union warehouse that stood here in 1862. Advancing Confederates had to wait 18 hours as scattered munitions continued to explode unexpectedly. By then the once-surrounded Union garrison of . . . — — Map (db m177860) HM
Meriwether Lewis, coleader of the Lewis & Clark Expedition, with a party of Expedition veterans and a Mandan Indian delegation, went through Cumberland Gap in Nov. 1806 en route to Washington to report on the expedition. Over.
Cumberland . . . — — Map (db m33299) HM
Founded 1889, this nine-hole golf course is claimed to be the oldest continuously played course in the United States. This semi-private club today has a pro-shop, concessions, and club and cart rentals. — — Map (db m181084) HM
One of the oldest in US, founded 1889. The present nine-hole course located on site where original was laid out by the English developers who came 1886 and brought the golf game to this mountain region. In 1899, a financial crash in England took . . . — — Map (db m181083) HM
Designated by the Kentucky Society of Professional Geologists as a Distinguished Geological Site. Middlesboro is one of only a few cities on the North American Continent located in the basin of a meteorite impact structure.
Sometime over the . . . — — Map (db m33296) HM
English colony founded in 1886 by Alexander Arthur. Project financed by English company, the American Association, because of timber and rich mineral deposits here. Almost 100,000 mountainous acres in Va., Tenn., and Ky. purchased for the . . . — — Map (db m33297) HM
Alexander Arthur, 1846-1912, an outstanding figure in history of Middlesboro. He came here in 1885 to prospect, discovering coal and iron ore deposits. President of American Association, formed to carry out his plans for a mining and manufacturing . . . — — Map (db m33298) HM
Built about 1800 in Yellow Creek Valley, the second brick house in the county, and the oldest one still standing. The bricks were made from clay by slave labor. Home of Rev. John Calvin Colson, "Patriarch of Yellow Creek Valley," preacher, teacher, . . . — — Map (db m181081) HM
The impressive turreted building of the New South Brewery and Ice Company once stood in front of you. Manager William Wallbrecht and brewmaster Mr. Kumli employed dozens of area men to brew beer here. Their leading brands included Pinnacle, Crystal . . . — — Map (db m207778) HM
We started just as the sun began to gild the tops of the high mountains. We ascended Cumberland Mountain, from the top of which the bright luminary of the day appeared to our view in all his rising glory; the mists dispersed and the floating . . . — — Map (db m190762) HM
We started just as the sun began to gild the tops of the high mountains. We ascended Cumberland Mountain, from the top of which the bright luminary of day appeared to our view in all his rising glory; the mists dispersed and the floating clouds . . . — — Map (db m205083) HM
This is one of the finest examples of Carpenter Gothic architecture in the U.S. The cornerstone was laid in 1890 and the church was dedicated on February 11, 1891. The design is based o blueprints of St. Mary's Church in Middlesborough, England. . . . — — Map (db m181082) HM
We went four miles to a large Creek, which we called Cedar Creek,
being a Branch of Bear-Grass, and from thence Six miles to
Cave Gap, the land being Levil. On the North side of the Gap is a
large Spring, which falls, very fast, and just above . . . — — Map (db m210486) HM
Cumberland Gap, the break in the ridgeline you see ahead, is far more than just a pass through a long, rugged mountain barrier. For a generation of American pioneers this was the gateway from their old lives and limitations out to a frontier . . . — — Map (db m35899) HM
This area of the park was once home to dozens of people, with several homes and a school. Evidence of families who once lovingly cared for their homes and land is still visible; stone foundations and chimneys survive, daffodils and forsythia bloom . . . — — Map (db m207881) HM
Lee Branham • Stephen M. Fuson • Marty D. Williams • Steve D. Herrell • Joseph D. Herrell • Thomas M. Cadle • Roger L. Brock • Roland M. Daige • William D. Sweat • Carey Duval • Frankie Rush • Roy J. Lowe • Shelby J. Carter • Carrie C. Sutphin • . . . — — Map (db m214828) WM
The flames of [pro-Union] rebellion will flash throughout East Tennessee, the railroad will be destroyed, the bridges burned, and other calamities...will follow. Landon C. Hayes, letter to Confederate President Jefferson Davis, . . . — — Map (db m205086) HM
Two hundred years ago, pioneers poured through Cumberland Gap on their way west to a better life. But not all the traffic on the Wilderness Road was westbound. By the 1820s, drovers pushed huge herds of hogs and smaller herds of cattle and sheep . . . — — Map (db m167001) HM
A natural thoroughfare through the Appalachian Mountain barrier, Cumberland Gap assumed great strategic importance in the Civil War. Both sides sought to control the Gap. It changed hands three times, but no battles were fought. Troops garrisoned . . . — — Map (db m207711) HM
Before trucks and cars in the 1900s, before steam locomotives in the 1800s, before long-hunters' packhorses in the 1700s, there was long-distance traffic crossing the Gap—on foot—going both north and south. No one knows how many centuries Indians . . . — — Map (db m207718) HM
Watts Furnace
Stood ½ mile SW. A pair of blast furnaces built by the Watts Steel and Iron Syndicate, Ltd., 1890-93, and operated until 1898. Each iron shell stack was 75 ft. high with a maximum inner diameter of 17 ft. Using coke fuel and . . . — — Map (db m170830) HM
It will be 100 years or more before Cumberland Gap's restored Wilderness Road trail looks like it did in 1780–1810. The short segment of trail ahead is one of the few places where you can still see the original roadbed, unaltered by the . . . — — Map (db m241292) HM
This memorial is dedicated to the lasting memory of all the men and women who died in defense of the United States of America. dedicated Memorial Day, May 26, 1986
by the people of Bell County. Greater love hath no man than this, that a . . . — — Map (db m214833) WM
Chained Rock is a boulder formation of Pine Mountain, 2,200 feet above sea level. The Chain, 101 feet long with seen pound links, was carried here by a four-mule team in two trips. It is anchored to the rock with pegs 1½ × 24 inches concreted into . . . — — Map (db m181126) HM
One of the most important points on the Wilderness Road marked by Daniel Boone in 1775. Ford first used by Indians, then by early explorers and the Long Hunters. After Boone opened the way west, more than 100,000 settlers used the crossing as a . . . — — Map (db m35831) HM
On route of Gen. E. Kirby Smith's Confederate invasion of Kentucky, fall 1862, concurrent with that of Bragg to the west. At Richmond Smith defeated USA, then occupied Lexington, Sept. 2. The Battle of Perryville prevented CSA plan to take central . . . — — Map (db m181124) HM
Bell County formed from Harlan and Knox Counties, 1867. Named for Joshua Fry Bell, 1811-70, Congressman, Ky. Sec. of State, Comr. to peace conference in 1861 and State Legislator. He was g. grandson of Dr. Thomas Walker, explorer of Ky. . . . — — Map (db m35871) HM
Bell County, named for Joshua Fry Bell (1811-1870), was formed just after the Civil War in February of 1867 from portions of Harlan and Knox Counties. Pineville, the county seat, being so near the site where pioneers on the Wilderness Road crossed . . . — — Map (db m35875) HM
Near this site where the creek enters the river, on April 17, 1750, Dr. Thomas Walker first viewed the river he named for the Duke of Cumberland. Known as the "Narrows," this area became a significant gateway for travelers on the Wilderness Road. . . . — — Map (db m181163) HM
Following in Their Footsteps
The Wilderness Road was a 200-mil, overland route made famous by legendary frontiersman Daniel Boone. First mapped in 1750 by Dr. Thomas Walker, the route began as a series of braided trails, called traces, created by . . . — — Map (db m181125) HM
Opened Kentucky and the West to rapid settlement and major development. First wagon road built by Kentucky (1796), Crab Orchard to Cumberland Gap. A principal highway, maintained as turnpike (toll road) for 80 years. — — Map (db m212442) HM
The first to begin operations in Bell County, starting in 1889, with 1500 acres of coal land. Extension of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad to this area in 1888 marked the beginning of a new industrial era. This mine was not a financial . . . — — Map (db m35854) HM
This cemetery was established by pioneers traveling along Boone's Wilderness Road during the late 1700's and early 1800's. These first settlers camped in the bottomland that is now Wasioto Golf Course while preparing to cross the Cumberland . . . — — Map (db m181156) HM
Although the town of Bartlett had regular electric service by 1905, farmers in the surrounding rural area were not supplied with electricity until thirty years later. On May 11, 1935, President Franklin Delano Roosevelt signed an executive order . . . — — Map (db m28816) HM
By the early 1900s Bartlett had become the railroad center of a prosperous cotton growing region. In 1903 the Bartlett Independent School district was created. By 1906-07 the 5-room schoolhouse here proved inadequate to house the district's . . . — — Map (db m29035) HM
Settlers began moving to this area in the 1830s, when Texas was a Republic, but the town of Bartlett was not established until the 1870s. The founders were J. Edward Pietzsch and Capt. John T. Bartlett, for whom the community was named. In 1882 the . . . — — Map (db m29040) HM
Colonists settled in the late 1840s along the fertile Donahoe Creek. Samuel Gibbs Leatherman (1799-1888) arrived in 1854 and opened the first mercantile store. He gave land for the cemetery and brought in the first doctor. In 1880 Leatherman donated . . . — — Map (db m29073) HM
Originally known as Pecan Grove Baptist Church, this fellowship was organized in 1873 by the Rev. M.V. Smith, the Rev. H.I. Kimball, and the Rev. G.W. Baines, great-grandfather of United States President Lyndon Baines Johnson. In 1884 the church was . . . — — Map (db m29036) HM
With overcrowded buildings at the African American school in southwestern Bartlett, the Bartlett trustees bought four buildings from Camp Swift in Bastrop to enlarge the facilities. A bond issue passed in 1948, and plans began for a U-shaped . . . — — Map (db m29037) HM
Established by German immigrants in 1880, the German-English School was an early school in the Bartlett area. First called Indian Creek School, the name was changed due to popular usage and the nature of instruction, which was in English during the . . . — — Map (db m29039) HM
The first Lutheran worship services in this area were held at the home of early German settler J.E. Pietzsch, who had moved from Austin County. In 1880 a small school and church building was erected on land donated by John Bartlett, for whom the . . . — — Map (db m29038) HM
The Stockton Family Cemetery is located on land originally granted in 1859 by Texas governor Hardin R. Runnels to Moses Allen, a veteran of the Siege of Bexar. Douglas Hayden Stockton and his wife Mary Elizabeth (White) brought their family to Bell . . . — — Map (db m28455) HM
What began in 1902 as an idea to organize a women's club with a focus on literature and history became a reality in April 1903, with the formation of a Woman's Study Club. Chartered with nineteen members under the leadership of Mrs. Vena (Holzgraf) . . . — — Map (db m29041) HM
Baylor University (including the "Female Department" later to become Mary Hardin-Baylor) had operated at Independence for 15 years before 1861. In the Civil War it suffered the setbacks of Texas education in general. This was despite leadership of . . . — — Map (db m152004) HM
Settlement began on Lampasas River, 1847. Created Jan. 22, organized Aug. 1, 1850. Named for Peter Hansbrough Bell (1812-1898), native of Virginia; veteran of Battle of San Jacinto; served in Somervell expedition to stop Mexico's Raids into Texas; . . . — — Map (db m218643) HM
Using arched passageways, round-arch and pedimented windows, a clock tower with columned gallery, and a rusticated limestone finish, Jasper N. Preston & Son of Austin designed the 1885 Bell County Courthouse in the Renaissance Revival style. Ben D. . . . — — Map (db m149423) HM
Three Bell County courthouses have stood on this site — part of the 120 acres given by Matilda F. Connell Allen for the location of the county seat.
Prior to erection of a courthouse, early official business of the county (created and . . . — — Map (db m201984) HM
The Belton Farmers Co-op Gin, built in 1927 along Nolan Creek, is a rare example of a surviving brick cotton gin in Central Texas. It was built by an association of local cotton farmers to replace an earlier gin that had burned down on the site in . . . — — Map (db m149427) HM
In 1867, Martha White McWhirter experienced a religious vision during which she felt she had been sanctified by God. She began to share her experience with other Belton women, and soon formed a small community of women who, desiring to leave their . . . — — Map (db m150602) HM
Captain Henry T. Waskow (1918-1943) of Belton was a company commander in the 36th Division. He joined the Texas National Guard, Company I, 143rd Infantry, 36th Division in 1935 and was called into active service in 1940. Beloved by his men, Waskow . . . — — Map (db m212167) HM
Henry Mansfield Cook opened his first store in Centerville, Texas, in 1869, and in 1874 established the firm of H.M. Cook & Company with his son-in-law, Thomas W. Cochran. The firm moved to Buffalo, Texas, in 1876. Their mercantile business stocked . . . — — Map (db m150613) HM
The Confederate tradition in Bell County goes back to the War between the States itself. The citizens of Bell County were very pro-Southern in their opinions. Voters in Bell County overwhelming voted for Texas to leave the Union. In a state wide . . . — — Map (db m152300) HM
Noted lawmaker, judge, lay preacher, served in the legislatures of his native Kentucky and of Alabama. Represented Alabama in U.S. Congress, 1829-1831.
Came to Texas 1839. Was Associate Justice Supreme Court, Republic of Texas, 1840-1846. Judge . . . — — Map (db m152063) HM
In 1854, four years after the county was organized, a 2-story structure of logs was built on this site, to serve as the first Bell County jail. That log jail was replaced in 1873 by this building of native limestone.
In 1874, vigilantes from . . . — — Map (db m193835) HM
The First Baptist Church of Belton was organized in the summer of 1853 under the leadership of the Rev. Solomon G. O'Bryan and the Rev. David Fisher. There were eight charter members, and the congregation met in a small frame building on Pearl . . . — — Map (db m152233) HM
Built in 1912 at the Santa Fe rail yards in Temple, this planing mill was part of a complex of buildings that housed repair facilities for the railroad. Workers at the mill manufactured replacement parts for wooden elements of the Santa Fe's boxcars . . . — — Map (db m29380) HM
Born a slave in Kentucky, Jeff Hamilton was still a child when Sam Houston rescued him from purchase by a cruel master at a slave auction. Hamilton was Houston's personal servant during his term as governor, 1859-1861, and was at his bedside when he . . . — — Map (db m152118) HM
A Kentucky-born slave who was brought to Texas as a child, Jeff Hamilton became San Houston's personal servant, companion of his young sons, and a trusted member of his household. Hamilton served Houston while he was governor, 1859-1861, and until . . . — — Map (db m151036) HM
During World War II, Temple native Keifer Marshall, Jr. (1925-) served in the United States Marine Corps, 3rd Marine Division, 9th Regiment, F Company, 2nd Battalion, as a rifleman. During February and March of 1945, Marshall saw heavy combat on the . . . — — Map (db m212164) HM
A stockade and blockhouse of the Republic of Texas. Built in November, 1836, by a unit of some 20 Rangers under Lt. George B. Erath (soldier-statesman for whom Erath County was named).
By Christmas they had erected 7 or 8 cabins, a blockhouse and . . . — — Map (db m29378) HM
This memorial, an important symbol for the University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, has historic ties to the earliest days of the school in Belton. Founded in 1845 at Independence, Texas, as the female department of Baylor University, the school moved here . . . — — Map (db m151998) HM
Widow of William Hardin
before her marriage to
Dr. O.P. Kelton
Many of the Mexican officers
and men were placed in the
care of Judge and Mrs. Hardin
after the victory at San Jacinto
and were mercifully treated by them.
Born August . . . — — Map (db m152194) HM
German immigrant Fred Muehlhause, Sr. (1868-1947) arrived in Texas in 1885. He married Louise Albrecht in 1892, and later that year the couple moved to a home located adjacent to this homesite. Muehlhause worked as a craftsman shoemaker and . . . — — Map (db m193834) HM
Texas revolutionary veteran and local merchant Norman Austin made important contributions to his adopted state. Born in Skaneateles, New York, he was the fifth son of a large family and traveled widely throughout his life. He farmed in Michigan and . . . — — Map (db m152240) HM
Honor ☆ Service ☆ Commitment
These are just a few of the core values of men and women who make up our Nation's armed services. Throughout the ages, these individuals swore an oath to protect and defend our Constitution and the . . . — — Map (db m212165) WM
The School of Nursing was founded in 1904 by Dr. Arthur C. Scott and Dr. Raleigh White, Jr., as a part of their Temple Sanitarium to provide professional training for nurses. Initially a small local student body was instructed by the doctors and . . . — — Map (db m152016) HM
On this site of the Old Post Office on
July 14, 1857, Sam Houston, Commander
of the Texian Army and Hero of San Jacinto
spoke while running for governor.
After being past president of the Republic
of Texas and senator he served as governor . . . — — Map (db m152381) HM
A Scotsman, Robert Naismith (1859-1938), founded the Central Manufacturing Co. in a two-story building on this lot in 1893. Using equipment originally powered by steam, he supplied and repaired machine parts for the Belton area. The company also did . . . — — Map (db m149431) HM
South Belton cemetery is located on Kinney Hill on the south side of Nolan Creek. Bell County and Belton were formed in early 1850. The cemetery was established soon after. The oldest remaining marked death date is May 21, 1851, when Elizabeth . . . — — Map (db m152297) HM
Completed in 1904, this brick library building was funded by a personal contribution from the noted New York industrialist and benefactor Andrew S. Carnegie. Ben D. Lee, builder of the Bell County Courthouse, served as contractor. Designed by the . . . — — Map (db m152196) HM
A native of Tennessee, William W. Reed came to Texas with his parents, Michael and Martha Reed, in 1833 and joined Robertson's colony in 1834. His land grant was situated near his parents' land on the south bank of the Little River. The family . . . — — Map (db m150627) HM
A native of South Carolina, Wilson Van Dyke served as a member of the Somervell Expedition, which was organized in 1842 to expel the Mexican Army from Texas. Under command of Col. W.S. Fisher, he crossed the Rio Grande and was captured. A survivor . . . — — Map (db m29382) HM
Founded in 1898 as a literary society with twenty-five members, the Woman's Wednesday Club is the oldest active club of its kind in Bell County. Initially meeting in the Central Hotel in downtown Belton, the club members were devoted to the study of . . . — — Map (db m152232) HM
Present-day Holland has its origins in three different settlements. Settlers first came here during the 1830s to farm the area’s fertile soil. A community named Mountain Home (0.5 mi SE) formed along Darrs Creek and included a school, church, . . . — — Map (db m75700) HM
The only physical remnant of the Post Oak community, this cemetery began as the burial ground for the family of Isham McMillin, who acquired land in this part of Bell County in 1855. The oldest marked grave, that of McMillin’s daughter Elizabeth, . . . — — Map (db m89692) HM
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