This is the site of the Virginia State Federation of Colored Women's Clubs, founded by Janie Porter Barrett in 1908 at Bethel AME Church in Hampton. She served as its first president until 1932. The association was an umbrella for club activity . . . — — Map (db m303153) HM
Born free in Norfolk in 1823, Mary Peake devoted herself to the education of African Americans. About 1850, she founded the Daughters of Zion to aid the poor and the sick. A seamstress by day, Peake violated state law to teach her fellow blacks at . . . — — Map (db m109903) HM
Pasture Point, one of Hampton's oldest neighborhoods, has deep roots in Virginia's colonial history. It was part of the sprawling plantation lands acquired by Miles Cary, who emigrated from England in 1645. Cary served as customs collector at Point . . . — — Map (db m252877) HM
This house was the last headquarters of the Virginia
State Federation of Colored Women’s Clubs, organized
In 1907 by educator and social reformer Janie Porter
Barrett and other women who attended the annual
Hampton Negro Conference. The . . . — — Map (db m129844) HM
"The springe of sweete water", near the northern creek approach to the church, was a popular gathering place before and after divine services. — — Map (db m166552) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m130061) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m167927) HM
Here stood the U.S. Army’s first camp on Virginia soil after secession, built in May 1861. Only the Veteran’s Cemetery on County Street remains of this entrenched camp. The influx of soldiers at Fort Monroe prompted the commander, Lt. Col. Justin . . . — — Map (db m10479) HM
In this vicinity was situated Camp Hamilton. A large camp of Union troops first occupied in May, 1861. A great military hospital, Hampton Hospital was here. — — Map (db m303002) HM
Right in the middle of this playground stood, for a time, the easternmost terminus of one of America's great train lines, the Chesapeake & Ohio Railway. It was the dream of railroad magnate and shipbuilder Collis P. Huntington to augment . . . — — Map (db m234518) HM
Here, under an oak tree, newly freed African American students listened in January 1863 as the Emancipation Proclamation was read aloud. Union Gen. Benjamin F. Butler’s “contraband of war” decision at Fort Monroe in 1861 anticipated that day, . . . — — Map (db m33817) HM
Here, under an oak tree, newly freed African American students listened in January 1863 as the Emancipation Proclamation was read aloud. Union Gen. Benjamin Butler's "contraband of war" decision at Fort Monroe in 1861 anticipated that day, . . . — — Map (db m283409) HM
To the west, on the grounds of Hampton University, stands the Emancipation Oak. Under its sheltering limbs, protected and encouraged by the occupying Union army and prominent local church leaders, Mary Smith Kelsey Peake (1823- 22 Feb. 1862) taught . . . — — Map (db m73795) HM
Here stood the first known church at Kecoughtan erected 1624. Jonas Stockton, Minister. William Guantlett, Edward Waters, Church Wardens.
Ministers at Kecoughtan 1611 to 1624: William Mease, George Keith, Thomas White. — — Map (db m166553) HM
Hampton Institute
has been designated a
National
Historic Landmark
This site possesses national significance
in commemorating the history of the
the United States of America
1974
National Park Service
United States . . . — — Map (db m84264) HM
Marker front:
Near here the English landed April 30, 1607 before going to Jamestown. They were welcomed by the Kecoughton Indians with native religious ceremonies, dancing and feasting.
Marker back:
In 1610, following the . . . — — Map (db m92321) HM
National Cemetery
The U.S. Army established Hampton National Cemetery in 1866 about two miles from Fort Monroe. The Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, opened in 1870, used this cemetery when residents . . . — — Map (db m193670) HM
The Hampton University Museum is a unique institution and a national treasure. In 1868, Hampton University founder Gen. Samuel Chapman Armstrong declared that a good education influenced “the head, the hand and the heart” and charged . . . — — Map (db m167700) HM
National Soldiers Home
In 1870, the federal government bought the building that had served as Chesapeake Military Hospital during the Civil War. It became the Southern Branch of the National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, the fourth . . . — — Map (db m302741) HM
Harrison Phoebus was born the youngest of 16 children in 1840 and grew up on a small farm on Maryland's Eastern Shore. He lost his father at an early age and had to forego much formal education in order to help his family scratch out a living. He . . . — — Map (db m205387) HM
The men from the Town of
Phoebus — Virginia
who made the Supreme Sacrifice
in World War II
Bradley, James •
Crabb, Johnnie •
Davenport, John B., Jr. •
Englebert, Jack •
Ferris, John D. •
Fuller, Wendall E. •
Hoak, . . . — — Map (db m166564) WM
Cooperative Extension Service pioneer, innovator, and educator, John Baptist Pierce was appointed in 1906 by Seaman Knapp and H. B. Frissell of Hampton Institute as the first Negro farm demonstration agent for Virginia. Pierce served for 35 years as . . . — — Map (db m33819) HM
223 ► Virginia, Hampton, Phoebus — Phenix Hall — Hampton University's College of Education and Continuing Studies — Explore Hampton 2010: From the Sea to the Stars —
George Perley Phenix, a prominent white educator from Maine, was elected the fourth and last principal of Hampton Normal and Agricultural Institute on Jan. 30, 1930. His title was changed to president the following July 1, the same day the . . . — — Map (db m166557) HM
Settled as Mill Creek and Strawberry Banks by English Colonists, the Town of Phoebus was “Roseland Farm” until 1871 when it was divided into lots and became known as Chesapeake City. When the town was incorporated in 1900, it was named Phoebus in . . . — — Map (db m33627) HM
Settled as Mill Creek and Strawberry Banks by English Colonists, the Town of Phoebus was "Roseland Farm" until 1871 when it was divided into lots and became known as Chesapeake City. When the town was incorporated in 1900, it was named Phoebus in . . . — — Map (db m33630) HM
This quaint waterfront community traces its origin back to April 30th 1607. It was here that the first English-speaking Colonists set foot in the New World and called this "safe harbor" Cape Comfort.
It began as a settlement for defenders and . . . — — Map (db m33633) HM
From its earliest days as a cluster of homes on Mill Creek, Phoebus—originally known as Chesapeake City, altered to honor entrepreneur Harrison Phoebus—as anything but a typical southern town. Because of the presence of Fort Monroe . . . — — Map (db m166571) HM
For many years the community has gathered in Hampton University Robert C. Ogden Auditorium for musical performances, concerts, conferences, formal gatherings, convocations and university assemblies. This building , located at the center of the . . . — — Map (db m167713) HM
The story of Saint Mary Star of the Sea School goes back to 1858 when Chapel of the Centurion was built at Fort Monroe primarily for Protestant services. A group of officers—some of Irish extraction—requested that a Catholic church also . . . — — Map (db m103893) HM
During the Civil War, a young Army major, upon hearing a reading of Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation , came face-to-face with the purpose of his life. Samuel Chapman Armstrong, born of missionary parents in Hawaii on Jan. 30, 1839, acted . . . — — Map (db m167690) HM
Nearby a monument marks the site of the second church at Kecoughtan (later Hampton), built in 1624 for Elizabeth City Parish, established 1610 and now the oldest Protestant parish in continuous existence in America. This building was replaced before . . . — — Map (db m73777) HM
You are standing near the entrance to the second church a Kecoughton. The church was built in 1624 for the English settlement here, near a former town of the Kecoughtan Indians. The granite cross to your right is inside the church's eastern . . . — — Map (db m166551) HM
This is the second class building to rise on this spot. The first, Academic Hall, was to be “the most complete tasteful school building in the southern states,” declared Samuel Armstrong, the school’s founder. This was no . . . — — Map (db m167686) HM
Hampton Institute began the Hampton Indian Program to “christianize and civilize” American Indians. The first students arrived at the Institute near midnight on 13 April 1878. They had been incarcerated at Fort Marion in St. Augustine, Florida, in . . . — — Map (db m73794) HM
In Honor Of Those Who Gave The
Ultimate Sacrifice In Service To
The United States Of America And
The Families They Left Behind.
The Sacrifice Will Not Be Forgotten. — — Map (db m167798) WM
This wall encloses part of the second church site of Elizabeth City Parish and the foundations of its first known church building, 1623(4) - 1698. — — Map (db m166548) HM
This was the heartbeat of Phoebus civic life, its Town Hall and Fire Department. All government services were packed into this classical brick building, even its Court, Police Department, and jail. It was 1938 when the building opened, but the . . . — — Map (db m166563) HM
After damaging British coastal attacks during
the War of 1812, Pres. James Madison recognized
the need to improve the nation’s coastal defense
and naval power. In 1816, Congress created the
Board of Engineers for fortifications and in . . . — — Map (db m129905) HM
On April 18, 1878, at about midnight, more than 60 former Cheyenne and Kiowa warriors who had been imprisoned in St. Augustine, Fla., arrived by steamer and made their way to campus. Most soon left for reservations in the West, but 17 stayed and . . . — — Map (db m167720) HM
In the summer of 1834, having supervised Fort Monroe's completion, engineer Robert E. Lee took up residence in Fort Calhoun's officer's quarters. Three years earlier, ominous fissures had materialized in the citadel's stone piers and arches. . . . — — Map (db m85965) HM
British Approach to Hampton. Following the British defeat at Craney Island on 22 June 1813, Adm. Sir John B. Warren sought revenge and ordered Adm. Sir George Cockburn and Gen. Sir Sidney Beckwith to attack Hampton. This port town was . . . — — Map (db m299344) HM
The Bunch of Grapes Tavern stood here during Hampton's heyday as a busy colonial seaport in the 1700s. The tavern, one of three then, served as an inn and meeting place for sea captains, planter and agents from the nearby customhouse where . . . — — Map (db m299343) HM
Dr. Katherine G. Johnson was born in White Sulphur Springs, West Virginia, on August 26, 1918, the youngest of four siblings. She began school in the second grade when she was four, and loved to learn and "counted everything." At fourteen, she . . . — — Map (db m200210) HM
(front)
Near this monument
disembarked on February 19, 1755
Edward Braddock
Major General and Commander-in-Chief
of all the British forces in America.
His coming marked the beginning
of an important stage in the war
which . . . — — Map (db m33892) HM
Hampton entered its second century as Virginia’s most important town. With merchant ships calling at its docks, paying customs duties and taking on hogsheads of tobacco, the growing village bustled with activity. Crews and ship captains, dockworkers . . . — — Map (db m76810) HM
The control of Hampton had been disputed during the war’s first months. Brig. Gen. Benjamin F. Butler sought to expand Union control over the lower Peninsula. Despite his defeat during the June 10, 1861, Battle of Big Bethel, his troops occupied . . . — — Map (db m299345) HM
The National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics (NACA), created in 1915 to revitalize American aviation, was a pivotal force behind opening Langley Field in 1917 nearby to the north. It was named for the late Smithsonian Secretary Samuel P. Langley. . . . — — Map (db m33844) HM
An event that set the stage for Hampton’s new century took place on the night of June 24, 1813 when a large force of British infantry and marines landed on the western edge of town and overwhelmed a much smaller group of defenders. The invaders then . . . — — Map (db m76811) HM
It began as a brief encounter. The Jamestown-bound English settlers landed at Strawberry Banks on April 30, 1607 and, after a wary first reception by native villagers, ended up breaking bread and smoking tobacco with them. During a stormy . . . — — Map (db m76809) HM
Built by the Philadelphia Tobaggan Co.
in 1920
Located at the Buckroe Beach Amusement
Park from 1921-1985
Purchased by the City of Hampton in 1985
and completely restored in 1991
Grand Opening June 30, 1991
One of less than . . . — — Map (db m33835) HM
The Hampton Carousel, one of the few working merry-go-rounds in the nation, is considered a fine example of early twentieth-century American Folk Art. Thanks to the foresight of city leaders and contributors who "corralled" and restored it, the . . . — — Map (db m200125) HM
The recovery that began with the seafood and hotel industries after the Civil War continued well into Hampton’s fourth century. Oysters and d crabs were packed and shipped around the world. Tourism got a boost when the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad ran . . . — — Map (db m76814) HM
Nearby, William Claiborne (1600-1677) built a warehouse about 1631 to support his trading post on Kent Island in Chesapeake Bay. When Maryland seized the island in 1632, Claiborne fought an unsuccessful "naval war." Born in Kent County, England, he . . . — — Map (db m33832) HM
Admiral Sir George Cockburn on the Chesapeake. During the War of 1812, a British naval squadron arrived in Hampton Roads on 4 February 1813 to establish a naval blockade of the Chesapeake Bay. Later commanded by Adm. Sir George Cockburn, the . . . — — Map (db m76819) HM
About 3.5 miles south of here on 8-9 March 1862 occurred the first engagement between ironclad warships. On the battle's first day, Confederate ironclad ram Virginia sank two major warships and threatened the rest of the Union fleet in . . . — — Map (db m301816) HM
As a teenager in the 1870s, John C. Robinson moved to Hampton from Greenfield, Massachusetts to join his father, who had relocated here in search of business opportunities after the Civil War. Within five years, John Robinson was the captain of a . . . — — Map (db m251133) HM
In 1906, the Virginia General Assembly authorized the Virginia School
for Colored Deaf and Blind Children. Founded by deaf humanitarian
William C. Ritter and Hampton Delegate Harry R. Houston, the school
opened on 8 Sept. 1909 to serve . . . — — Map (db m129908) HM
On August 8, 1963, three Black nurses protested segregated staff areas at Hampton's Dixie Hospital. Mildred Smith, Patricia Taylor (McKenzie), and Agnes Stokes (Chisman) sat to eat lunch in the spacious whites-only hospital cafeteria rather than in . . . — — Map (db m278973) HM
Long before citizens of Hampton ever called Olde Wythe home, this area was used by the Kecoughtan Indians for hunting, fishing, and growing crops. The Kecoughtans were part of a loose confederation of the Algonquin whose chieftain was Powhatan. The . . . — — Map (db m33932) HM
In Hampton Roads, southward and a mile or two offshore, the Virginia (Merrimac) and the Monitor fought their engagement, March 9, 1862. The day before the Virginia destroyed the Cumberland and Congress, wooden ships of Union Navy. — — Map (db m10139) HM
Named for George Wythe, who was born near Hampton and signed the Declaration of Independence, the George Wythe School commenced with 4 classrooms in January 1909. It served 125 children, as the smaller student populations at Riverview and . . . — — Map (db m251085) HM
The body of water before you, named Hampton Roads, is one of the world’s biggest, deepest, natural harbors. It is formed at the mouths of the James, Nansemond and Elizabeth Rivers and empties into the Chesapeake Bay. The name Hampton Roads honors . . . — — Map (db m33941) HM
On this site in 1916 local businessman and developer Charles Hopkins and his partners launched the Boulevard Development Company, to build “attractive, high class home places” half way between Hampton and Newport News. With the local . . . — — Map (db m33949) HM
The Olde Wythe neighborhood was once part of Elizabeth City County, one of the four original Corporations of the London Company’s Virginia colony. The county is now classified as “extinct,” because its citizens voted to consolidate with . . . — — Map (db m33937) HM
Sack of Hampton. As British Gen. Sidney Beckwith dispersed the local militia on 25 June 1813, Adm. Sir George Cockburn feigned an attack with barges at the mouth of the Hampton River. Hampton’s water battery was abandoned and the British . . . — — Map (db m76817) HM
After the March 8-9, 1862, Battle of Hampton Roads, CSS Virginia went into drydock for refitting. USS Monitor guarded Union Gen. George B. McClellan’s transport vessels in the York River near Fort Monroe, and the Federals reinforced . . . — — Map (db m10351) HM
In the years prior to the Civil War, the area known today as Olde Wythe was simply country farm land, with no special designation. After the war it remained the same for quite a while as there were no roads in the area, just country lanes. Although . . . — — Map (db m33935) HM
The Hampton Roads Golf and Country Club was established in 1893 on undeveloped land purchased for speculation by Mary Frances Armstrong in 1888. This site today would extend from Hampton Roads Avenue to East Avenue, from Kecoughtan Road to Hampton . . . — — Map (db m33945) HM
New Kent County. Area 191 Square Miles. Formed in 1654 from York, and named for an English county. The White House, where Washington's wife lived, was in this county, and here he married her.
James City County. Area . . . — — Map (db m29299) HM
Capital-Montgomery
Although the French settled Alabama, they ceded it to England after the French and Indian War. In 1783, England ceded the northern part to the United States and the southern part to Spain, but by 1795 most of the area was . . . — — Map (db m98070) HM
Capital-Juneau
The Russians were the first to settle Alaska, and maintained control of the region until the mid 19th century, despite Spanish and British claims. In 1867 Russia sold Alaska to the United States and an administrative district was . . . — — Map (db m97821) HM
Angelo (Angela) was likely born in the West African kingdom of Ndongo, part of present-day Angola, Captured and sold to slave traders, she was forced onto a Portuguese ship. Two English privateers, the White Lion and the Treasurer, . . . — — Map (db m184276) HM
About 1617, Deputy Governor Samuel Argall established a settlement on 300 acres near here. Situated on land that had been formerly inhabited by the Paspahegh Indians, the group of dispersed buildings was incorporated into the 3,000-acre Governor's . . . — — Map (db m66909) HM
Spanish Jesuits organized missions in the area after 1700, but Spain did not establish settlements until 1775-76 with the founding of Tucson. When Mexico won its independence from Spain in 1821, the area was controlled by Mexico. Most of the area . . . — — Map (db m97819) HM
Capital-Little Rock
In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet visited the Arkansas region. After La Salle claimed it for France in 1682, colonization began. The first settlement was established in 1686 by Henri de Tonti. Although France ceded . . . — — Map (db m98074) HM
In the first few years of the English settlement at Jamestown, colonists built small, isolated, fortified structures—called blockhouses—around the perimeter of the main settlement to provide refuges, observation posts, and rallying . . . — — Map (db m66908) HM
West Central African canoes were constructed in similar fashion to Powhatan canoes, from a single log. They varied in size and were used for fishing and transporting people and goods in trade. A variety of boats and ships were constructed in . . . — — Map (db m270660) HM
By 1640, Jamestown potters were making thick-walled jugs, bowls, and pots for everyday use. Symmetrical design and an occasional slip-coat of color show that skilled artisans were at work. The local ware fired red, due to the iron-rich Tidewater . . . — — Map (db m17401) HM
Capital-Sacramento
Although explored primarily by Spain, Sir Francis Drake, sailing for England, also touched the California coast in 1579. After the establishment of Spanish missions, California became a territory of Mexico in 1825 following . . . — — Map (db m194657) HM
Capital-Denver
Although the region was explored first by the Spanish, this possession was controlled by the French. The dispute was settled in 1763 in favor of the French. Few attempts were made to colonize it until the mid-19th century. The . . . — — Map (db m97579) HM
One of the original colonies
Capital-Hartford
Dutch residents from New Amsterdam established a trading post near present-day Hartford in 1633, but it was the English from the Massachusetts Bay Colony who made the initial move to colonize the . . . — — Map (db m97843) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies.
Capital-Dover
Delaware was explored by Henry Hudson for the Dutch in 1609, but was named for Lord De la Warr, an early English governor of Virginia. In 1638 Peter Minuit established the first successful . . . — — Map (db m97831) HM
Death and disease stalked the colony year-round. Over the first 18 years, six of seven residents of Jamestown perished – over 6,000 deaths. Dr. Lawrence Bohun arrived at Jamestown in June of 1610, and stayed until the spring of 1611. . . . — — Map (db m17400) HM
Colonists marvelled at the deep, tall forests of Virginia – then set to clearing them away. The “goodly tall Trees” became firewood, fort walls, house frames, boat planks, barrel staves, industrial fuel, and lumber exports. . . . — — Map (db m17391) HM
The first documented Africans in mainland English America arrived at Point Comfort (in present-day Hampton) late in Aug. 1619. Colonial officials traded food for these “20 and odd” Africans, who had been seized from a Portuguese slave ship en route . . . — — Map (db m194714) HM
Skilled craftsmen of Polish origin recruited by the Virginia Company began arriving in Jamestown aboard the Mary and Margaret about 1 Oct. 1608. Poles contributed to the development of a glass factory and the production of potash, . . . — — Map (db m66905) HM
The Powhatan Indians of Virginia used a variety of methods in fishing - hook and line, nets, traps, and spears. Fishing with fire, a means of attracting fish in order to spear them, was sometimes done at night. Upon arrival in Virginia, the . . . — — Map (db m270657) HM
Capitol-TallahasseeThe first permanent European settlement in America was established by the Spanish in 1565 at St. Augustine. In 1763 following the French and Indian War (in which Spain sided with France), Britain received Florida but returned it . . . — — Map (db m97413) HM
On 2 Sept. 1781, about 3,000 French troops of the Gatinois, Agenois, and Touraine Regiments arrived at Jamestown from the West Indies. Commanded by the Marquis de Saint-Simon, they camped near here before participating in the siege of Yorktown. On . . . — — Map (db m90954) HM
One of the thirteen original colonies
Capital-Atlanta
To stop French claims to the area, Pedro Menendez de Aviles attempted a coastal Spanish settlement in 1565. England claimed the territory in the 17th century, but did not colonize it until . . . — — Map (db m194653) HM
Among the ruins of New Towne was a seven-foot pit, dug in colonial times. Not deep enough for a well, the hole tapered from 14 feet wide at the rim to 6 feet wide at the sandy bottom. In Britain in the 1600s, perishables were often stored in huts . . . — — Map (db m17398) HM
Capital-Honolulu
The islands were first settled by Polynesians from other Pacific islands by the 9th century. After James Cook first visited the islands in 1778, they were frequented by traders, but the British made no effort to colonize . . . — — Map (db m194656) HM
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