Caravans entering and leaving Santa Fe on the Camino Real wound their way through scattered agricultural settlements south of the capital. Although this section of the Santa Fe River Valley was initially utilized as pasture for livestock, in the . . . — — Map (db m280224) HM
This 19th century adobe church is dedicated to San Isidro, ploughman, patron saint of farmers and protector of crops. Christian tradition maintains that in order to allow San Isidro time for his daily prayers an angel plowed his fields. Agua Fria . . . — — Map (db m280225) HM
… where you will experience the tri-cultural story of New Mexico, a history of the Indians, the Spanish, and the Anglos each altering this landscape in their efforts to obtain turquoise, lead, silver, and more.
Indians mined nearby . . . — — Map (db m70565) HM
The name Tesuque is a Spanish variation of the Tewa name Tetsugeh, meaninig "narrow place of cotton wood trees." The small Tewa speaking pueblo of Tesuque was established before 1200, and was first visited by Europeans in 1591. It is one of the most . . . — — Map (db m32852) HM
Spanish explorers found several Tano-speaking pueblos in the Galisteo Basin in 1540. They were among the leaders of the Pueblo Revolt in 1680. 150 Tano families were eventually resettled in Galisteo Pueblo in 1706. Droughts, famine, Comanche . . . — — Map (db m280226) HM
On this site and several miles to the west along the Santa Fe Trail, Colorado Volunteers and Regular U.S. Troops fought a Confederate force from Texas in the Battles of Glorieta Pass. Although no clear victor emerged after two days of fierce and . . . — — Map (db m285809) HM
The decisive battle of the Civil War in New Mexico was fought at the
summit of Glorieta Pass on March 28, 1862. Union troops won the battle when a party of Colorado volunteers burned the Confederate supply wagons, thus destroying Southern hopes . . . — — Map (db m285808) HM
The Civil War battle fought in this pass is often referred to as the "Gettysburg of the West." Union forces dashed Confederate strategy to seize the Southwest’s major supply base at Fort Union; Colorado and California were to be next. The Texas . . . — — Map (db m285811) HM
The Civil War battle fought in this pass is often
referred to as the “Gettysburg of the West.” Union
forces dashed the Confederacy's strategy to seize
the Southwest's major supply base at Fort Union.
Brigadier General Henry Hopkins Sibley's . . . — — Map (db m285890) HM
In memory and honor of a contingent of New Mexico
Volunteers who fought alongside Union Regulars and
Colorado Volunteers and spearheaded a Union flanking
movement at the Battle of Glorieta Pass that ultimately
caused the Confederate forces to . . . — — Map (db m285798) WM
In March of 1862 the Civil War Battle of
Glorieta Pass was fought around this
area. Often referred to as the “Gettysburg
of the West”, this little known yet decisive
battle was one of the few fought in the
West. Much of the battlefield is . . . — — Map (db m285807) HM
Established in the 1700, Rancho de Las Golondrinas was a paraje, or stopping place, which provided a welcome respite to weary travelers along the Camino Real well into the 19th century. The site is now a living historical museum which features a . . . — — Map (db m280228) HM
Hispanic Women of Colonial New Mexico and Land Ownership
Hispanic Women of Colonial New Mexico and Land Ownership 1598-1821 Under Spanish law, women in New Mexico could buy, sell, and own property. A woman did not need her husband’s . . . — — Map (db m286209) HM
Hispanic Women of Colonial New Mexico and the Law
During the colonial period in New Mexico, Spanish law granted women important legal rights. Women conducted land deals, purchased property and livestock, operated businesses, kept their . . . — — Map (db m286285) HM
Galisteo Basin. The extensive lowland south of here is called Galisteo basin, a sag in the earth’s crust where rock layers are depressed and thickened. It is one of the northernmost basins in the Basin and Range province in New Mexico and is . . . — — Map (db m280229) HM
Southern Rockies
The foothills and higher peaks to the north are part of the Southern Rocky Mountains, which extend from southern Wyoming through Colorado and New Mexico. The Sangre de Cristo Mountains (Spanish for "Blood of Christ") trend . . . — — Map (db m270122) HM
In appreciation to a great public servant and statesman for more than 30 years U.S. Representative, Secretary of Agriculture, U.S. Senator. One of our nation’s architects in the fields of agriculture, conservation, health, space exploration, atomic . . . — — Map (db m161233) HM
The earliest records, 1893, show the two structures that are today the
Briggs Building as saloons. By the late 1890s they had merged into one
large saloon, but by 1902 the building on the left sold clothes & dry goods
and the one on the right . . . — — Map (db m181829) HM
The earliest records show three saloons packed closely together along First Street here. By 1900 this building housed Louis Darass' saloon, and toward the middle of the block the third building was Joe & Anna Vergolio's bakery and general store. . . . — — Map (db m181584) HM
Before the arrival of the Spanish, the mineral rich area around Cerrillos produced turquoise, which was broadly traded across the American Southwest and into México. An early settlement of Los Cerrillos harbored Spanish refugees from the 1680 . . . — — Map (db m280230) HM
Cerrillos through the Years First the Indians, then the Spanish and Territorials who passed this way trod this land between Rio Galisteo and the Arroyo San Marcos. But in the end it was the railroad that made the town. It is hard to imagine . . . — — Map (db m181859) HM
J.H. Gerdes' tailor & dry goods store was here, possibly as early as the
mid 1880s, and certainly during the 1890s. For the first three decades of
the 20th century this was Tom DeLallo's building, first as a saloon, but by
1909 as the Cerrillos . . . — — Map (db m181787) HM
The Cerrillos Town Company first sold this lot sometime before
1893, and a general store was built upon it. By 1898 a small house was
situated on the river bank behind this store. For a time around 1902 this
was a carpentry shop, and then by . . . — — Map (db m181785) HM
This structure, St. Joseph's Catholic Church - Iglesia de San José, built
in 1922 to replace the first church (1884), which was situated on land now
occupied by the Pastor's residence. This edifice was constructed under
the direction of . . . — — Map (db m181551) HM
Charles Lyon of Carbonateville built the first structure on this site some-
time after 1884, and by 1893 he operated a restaurant and the post office
here. In the early 1900s this became Ella Weltmer's stationery & books
and ice cream parlor. . . . — — Map (db m181788) HM
The earliest records for the five lots between Simoni's building and
this corner list various members of the Granito clan, but by 1923 they
were all in the hands of Rafael's son, Joseph M. Granito. At different times
these lots had been . . . — — Map (db m181633) HM
In 1892 Sarah Jones purchased these lots and her husband, L.G. Jones,
built this two-story structure, which housed at various times Benn & Jones
bar, Miller & Legace drugs & novelties, Mrs. Doyle's dry goods, groceries
& notions, a feed store, . . . — — Map (db m181786) HM
Welcome to Cerrillos (Little Hills)
Cerrillos was once seriously considered as the capitol of New Mexico. Cerrillos mining district is one of the oldest and most marked of the old Spanish mineral developments in the Territory. Ttwenty-one . . . — — Map (db m181833) HM
Welcome to Madrid on the Turquoise Trail
The Town of Madrid was founded in 1869 In the 1800’s, when the Santa Fe Railroad arrived in the area, coal mining began on a large scale.
As many as 1,500 years ago, the first Native American . . . — — Map (db m181503) HM
The St. Francis Women's Club was instrumental in raising funds to rebuild San Francisco de Asís Church, which had been condemned and demolished in about 1960.
Their main fundraiser was the annual Fourth of July Ceremonial, featuring dances of . . . — — Map (db m32833) HM
Feliciana Tapia Viarrial helped establish today's
Pueblo of Pojoaque. Pojoaque, or Posuwageh, water
drinking place, is a Tewa village founded circa A.D.
900. By 1919, the Pojoaque homelands were severely
diminished. Most members left . . . — — Map (db m32835) HM
Maria Martinez was a self-taught potter who helped elevate Pueblo pottery to a respected art form. She and her husband Julian were successful polychrome potters and together revived black pottery. Their work improved the economic conditions of the . . . — — Map (db m45657) HM
In the 1500’s, migrants from the Pajarito Plateau joined their Tewa-speaking relatives at San Ildefonso. The pueblo is famous as the home of the late María Martínez and other makers of polished black pottery. The modern church, a replica of that of . . . — — Map (db m45659) HM
Santa Cruz de la Cañada. In 1695, Governor Diego de Vargas founded his first town, Santa Cruz de la Cañada, designed to protect the Spanish frontier north of Santa Fe. The church, which still stands, was constructed in the 1730s. In 1837, . . . — — Map (db m45673) HM
Wood peddlers, farmers and merchants went through Burro Alley. Burros economically served the many cultures of New Mexico. For many years the people of Santa Fe relied on the burro for their welfare. — — Map (db m54958) HM
1540
The first major Spanish expedition to what is now the southwest United
States was conducted by Francisco Vásquez de Coronado from 1540 to
1542. Coronado organized and financed the expedition based upon the
travels of Alvar Nuñez . . . — — Map (db m182221) HM
Seeking to expand the domain of the King of Spain in 1540, Francisco Vásquez de Coronado led an expedition of over 1,000 men and women north from Mexico into what is now Arizona, New Mexico, Texas, Oklahoma and Kansas. The Spanish explorers, in . . . — — Map (db m76166) HM
In 1573 King Felipe II of Spain decreed an end to expeditions of conquest.
However, on April 19, 1583 he directed the Viceroy of New Spain to contract
with a responsible citizen to settle New Mexico at his own expense primarily to
see to the . . . — — Map (db m182257) HM
1598
Of New Mexico's first settlers in 1598, 560 Europeans have been identified (381 men, 112 women and 67 children) in addition to several friars and a number of Mexican Indians. The women who helped to pioneer El Camino Real and establish . . . — — Map (db m182275) HM
1598
By virtue of his royal contract, don Juan de Oñate became New Mexico's first
governor. Oñate and his group of colonists left Santa Bárbara, Chihuahua in January of
1598. They crossed the Rio Grande at the present location of El Paso, . . . — — Map (db m182277) HM
The viceroy of New Spain appointed Juan de Oñate as New Mexico’s first governor and directed him to settle the area along the upper Rio Grande. Accompanied by 200 settlers and over 7,000 head of livestock, Oñate arrived in New Mexico and established . . . — — Map (db m76183) HM
1598-1890
El Camino Real (The Royal Road) sustained New Mexico's settlers from the start.
Settlers traveled north to la tierra adentro (the interior land) and back to cities in
the south. El Camino Real was a viable commercial route for . . . — — Map (db m182314) HM
1607
As early as 1607, Juan Martínez de Montoya, one of Governor Juan de Oñate's
captains founded the village of Santa Fe, writing that he had populated the site
and established a plaza. The new town was located on the Santa Fe River . . . — — Map (db m182315) HM
1610
In 1610, construction of the Palace of the Governors began as a section
of the Casas Reales de Palacio (royal houses). The Casas Reales, built
around Santa Fe's plaza included the governor's living quarters, the jail,
the town . . . — — Map (db m182316) HM
New Mexico’s third governor, Pedro de Peralta was instructed to relocate the capital to a more central location. He founded the Villa de Santa Fe, or Town of Holy Faith. The villa was named for a city of Spain built by King Ferdinand and Queen . . . — — Map (db m76198) HM
1620
The Barrio de Analco and San Miguel Church are both located on the south
side of the Santa Fe River. Analco, from the Nahuatl language of central
Mexico, means "on the other side of the water." Mexican indians who came
to New Mexico . . . — — Map (db m182318) HM
1630
In 1630 and 1635 Fray Alonso de Benavides wrote his famous Memorials
to the King and the Pope describing a beautiful fourteenth century statue
of the Virgin that he brought to Santa Fe from Mexico City in 1625. "She
is an image in . . . — — Map (db m182322) HM
In the seventeenth century New Mexico was plagued by drought, conflicts between civil and church authorities, and extreme demands placed by the Spanish settlers on the native population. The latter situation caused a deterioration so severe that . . . — — Map (db m76202) HM
Under the direction of Don Diego de Vargas, the Spanish returned to recapture New Mexico after twelve years of exile in El Paso. In an attempt to encourage settlement of the land in the Rio Grande Valley, Don Diego de Vargas issued land grants for . . . — — Map (db m76222) HM
1712
On a stormy summer's evening in 1712, a group of citizens organized by
Juan Páez Hurtado gathered in Santa Fe to honor the memory of don Diego de Vargas. The result was a Fiesta Proclamation signed a few days later by Governor José . . . — — Map (db m182386) HM
In order to fulfill a promise that Don Diego de Vargas made, the government leaders of Santa Fe issued a proclamation calling for an annual fiesta to commemorate the peaceful reentry of the Spanish into Santa Fe in 1692. This annual celebration held . . . — — Map (db m76236) HM
When the Declaration of Independence was signed, Santa Fe was already 166 years old. English and American explorers and traders replaced the French as a source of concern to Spanish officials in New Mexico. The successful American War of . . . — — Map (db m76238) HM
1777
Don Juan Bautista de Anza, a native of Sonora, was governor of New Mexico
from 1777 to 1788. Considered one of New Mexico's best governors his
primary challenge was stopping incessant Indian raids that nearly wiped out
some of the . . . — — Map (db m182387) HM
1788
Juan Lucero, a militia officer, frontiersman and one of New Mexico's
soldados de cuero (leather clad soldiers) made 13 trips to the plains
between 1788 and 1819. He explored the Texas panhandle, the Arkansas
River valley and . . . — — Map (db m182409) HM
1827
In 1827 Antonio Armijo traveled northwest up the Rio Chama through
Colorado, Utah and Nevada before crossing the Mojave Desert into
southern California. En route he documented numerous spring-fed meadows
that would become the site of . . . — — Map (db m182394) HM
1848
The 1848 Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo ended two years of war between
Mexico and the United States. New Mexico, along with Arizona, California
and parts of Nevada, Utah and Colorado were now a part of the United
States. A group led by . . . — — Map (db m182410) HM
In May of 1846, U.S. President James K. Polk ordered the invasion of Mexico by U.S. troops, thus beginning the Mexican War. Three months later, General Stephen Watts Kearney led a victorious U.S. Army unopposed across northern New Mexico and into . . . — — Map (db m76263) HM
1850
For a quarter century after 1821 New Mexico was part of Mexico and
within the Diocese of Durango, Mexico. During this period secular
(diocesan) priests replaced members of the Franciscan Order. The diocesan
priests, many of whom were . . . — — Map (db m182411) HM
Shortly after the Civil War began, the Confederacy turned its attention to the Southwest, and in February, 1862, three thousand three hundred troops under the command of Confederate General Sibley, defeated the Union troops at Valverde, raised the . . . — — Map (db m76264) HM
While the nation was celebrating the Centennial, Santa Fe was into its 266th year. Although the Treaty of Guadalupe Hildago guaranteed the property of Hispanics and Indians, problems in the interpretation of Spanish and Mexican land laws worked to . . . — — Map (db m76269) HM
In 1906, Congress passed an act that would enable New Mexico and Arizona to become one large state. The residents in Arizona voted against the act, while the New Mexicans voted for it. It was not until 1912 that the opposing forces were reconciled . . . — — Map (db m76270) HM
Every year since 1926, when Will Shuster and Jacques Cartier created the image, Santa Fe and friends have been able to release their ties to depression, gloom and uncertainty by burning a symbol of these misfortunes . . . Zozobra! The burning of the . . . — — Map (db m76273) HM
During World War II, the federal government set up a secret facility in Los Alamos to coordinate the Manhattan Project, resulting in the development of the first atomic bomb. On July 16, 1945, the atomic bomb was exploded at “Trinity . . . — — Map (db m76309) HM
Santa Fe celebrated its 350th anniversary. During that year, special guests Maria Teresa Perez-Balsera and Maria Luisa Perez-Balsera arrived from Spain. The two ladies are direct descendants of Captain-General Don Diego de Vargas, the central figure . . . — — Map (db m76311) HM
Santa Fe, now 366 years old, joined the rest of the United States in celebrating the nation’s 200th birthday. New Mexico and the entire Southwest continued to see tremendous expansion and population growth with the influx of migration from the . . . — — Map (db m76316) HM
While responding to a request to give the Last Rites to a dying man, Franciscan Father Reynaldo Rivera, rector at St. Francis Cathedral, was kidnapped and brutally murdered, sending Santa Fe and the entire state into shock. Ironically, Father Rivera . . . — — Map (db m76317) HM
By proclamation of the City Council, Santa Fe celebrated its 375th anniversary. During the year, this property was donated to the city by Archbishop Robert Sanchez and the Santa Fe Fiesta Council. These gifts, together with appropriations by the . . . — — Map (db m76319) HM
The Santa Fe City Council, on April 9, 1997, passed Resolution 1997-23
establishing and providing support for a Cuarto Centenario Committee of
civic organizations and volunteers to plan and direct the commemoration of
the 1598 founding of "La . . . — — Map (db m182450) HM
Santa Fe is the oldest capital city in the United States, a successful blend of three cultures and yet a modern city of over 50,000 residents.
The Commemorative Walkway Park, constructed in 1986, provides a historical walk through Santa Fe . . . — — Map (db m76131) HM
From 500 A.D. onward, New Mexico underwent a number of comparatively rapid changes. The people throughout the western two-thirds of the state became increasingly restricted to smaller and smaller areas resulting in the development of many . . . — — Map (db m76136) HM
At first, traders used whatever farm wagons they could find to transport their goods, but as traffic on the trail increased, heavy freight wagons were built specifically for the Santa Fe trade. The industry employed hundreds of skilled woodworkers, . . . — — Map (db m185106) HM
Civil War Dead
An estimated 700,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in the Civil War between April 1861 and April 1865. As the death toll rose, the U.S. government struggled with the urgent but unplanned need to bury fallen Union . . . — — Map (db m184764) HM
The Santa Fe Trail passed through what is now Amelia White Park. The paved road to the right, Old Santa Fe Trail, follows the path and ruts of the original trail route, whose travelers came from a variety of backgrounds. From the start, Hispanic . . . — — Map (db m76487) HM
(English)
The Acequia Madre (Mother Ditch) has nourished community farmlands on the Railroad Park site and throughout Santa Fe for over 400 years. The historic counterpoint to the park's contemporary water-harvesting system, the acequia . . . — — Map (db m184934) HM
(English) Pueblo Indians farmed this area south of the Santa Fe River as early as the mid-15th century. By the 17th century, acequias (irrigation ditches) laced the landscape for use by Spanish farmers, who grazed livestock and built . . . — — Map (db m184937) HM
(side one)
Amelia Elizabeth White (1878-1972)
Amelia Elizabeth White worked tirelessly to promote Indian art and to preserve Santa Fe's heritage. A philanthropist and community activist, she donated land for the Laboratory of . . . — — Map (db m45484) HM
This neighborhood was first established in the early 1600s by Tlaxcalan Indian servants for whom the original San Miguel Chapel was built. Razed during the Pueblo revolt in 1680; resettled by families of Spanish soldiers after the De Vargas . . . — — Map (db m184948) HM
Bicentennial Celebration
This facility was built by the New Mexico State Highway Department to commemorate the
bicentennial birthday of the United States. Located 15 miles south of the plaza in Santa Fe, the nation's oldest capital city, . . . — — Map (db m55150) HM
The notorious New Mexico outlaw, also known as William Bonney, was captured and sucessfully imprisoned for the last time in the downstairs jail housed in this, the Cornell Building, at 208 W. San Francisco St., Santa Fe, from December 27, 1880 to . . . — — Map (db m73714) HM
Strategically located where the Santa Fe Trail emerges from Glorieta Pass, Cañoncito is where the New Mexico Governor Manuel Armijo weakly defended New Mexico against the American Army in 1846. In 1862, Union forces destroyed a Confederate supply . . . — — Map (db m119815) HM
In 1697 this property was granted to Captain Diego Arias de Quiros by Spanish royal decree for his part in the reconquest of New Mexico with De Vargas. In 1879 bought by L. Bradford Prince, later Territorial Governor. In 1942 bought by Field estate . . . — — Map (db m55706) HM
Dedicated to the honor and in memory of those men and women who served their country in the interest of freedom for all mankind — — Map (db m184785) WM
In 1598 a group of Spanish colonists, led by Juan de Oñate of Zacatecas, Mexico, established a settlement along the banks of the Rio Grande north of present-day Española. In 1610 Governor Pedro de Peralta relocated the capital of the province to . . . — — Map (db m73092) HM
A Territorial period embellishment, ca. 1870, this
simulated stone facade is actually plaster with a
rectangular pattern to make it appear that the
Palace was constructed of cut stone. In fact, all
exterior and interior walls of the Palace . . . — — Map (db m179050) HM
Don Diego de Vargas Zapata Luján Ponce de León, born 1643 in Madrid, Spain, served the crown as Governor of New Mexico from 1691–1697 and 1703–1704. Vargas was a devout Christian with a strong devotion to Nuestra Señora La Conquistadora, Our Lady of . . . — — Map (db m76234) HM
Don Juan Bautista de Anza, outstanding Spanish governor of New Mexico (1776–1787), explored a new road from Santa Fe to Arispe, Sonora, in 1780. This plaque is placed in commemoration of the 200th anniversary of that historic journey.
Don . . . — — Map (db m76950) HM
Doña Teresa de Aguilera y Roche was an aristocratic and educated woman in seventeenth century New Mexico. She and her husband, Governor Bernardo López de Mendizábal, exhibited elite lifestyles rarely seen in the remote colony. As governor, don . . . — — Map (db m270133) HM
In 1943, J. Robert Oppenheimer hand-picked Dorothy Scarritt McKibbin, a Smith College graduate, to run a liaison office for the Manhattan Project out of 109 East Palace Avenue in Santa Fe. Known as the "Gatekeeper of Los Alamos," McKibbin vetted all . . . — — Map (db m270129) HM
When you cross the bridge over the Santa Fe River, you join a trail with nearly 500 years of New Mexico history! This part of the Santa Fe River Greenway follows one of North America's most famous early roads - El Camino Real de Tierra Adentro, the . . . — — Map (db m185084) HM
Fortress and Castle
built by order of the
Spanish crown 1610-1612
Seat of Government
under three flags–Spanish,
Mexican & American-
From 1610 to 1910 the
residence of over a hundred
Governors & Captains General
The . . . — — Map (db m45588) HM
Founded May 7, 1884, the Fairview Cemetery company barely survived as a business venture until 1899 when the benevolent Woman's Board of Trade and Library Association assumed operation. Near the turn of the century, the old Masonic-IOOF Cemetery . . . — — Map (db m184786) HM
Named for then-Secretary of War William L. Marcy, Fort Marcy was the first U.S. Army fort in the American Southwest. Commanding officer Brigadier General Stephen Watts Kearny directed Lieutenant William Emory to find the most "commanding" site in . . . — — Map (db m184794) HM
Priest – Poet – Historian – Archivist
Artist – Author – Biographer – Genealogist
And native-born New Mexican
Major, U.S. Army – W.W. II & Korean Conflict
“THE LOVE I Love is one, . . . — — Map (db m72746) HM
