Native Americans Topic

After filtering for South Dakota, 241 entries match your criteria. Entries 101 through 200 are listed. ⊲ Previous 100 — The final 41 ⊳

Native Americans Topic

The Oahe Dam & Lake Marker <i>(Reverse Side)</i> image, Touch for more information

May 14, 2023

The Oahe Dam & Lake Marker (Reverse Side)

101 ► South Dakota, Hughes County, Pierre — 221 — The Oahe Dam & Lake —

On State Highway 1804, 1.8 miles west of Grey Goose Rd, on the left when traveling north.

This huge structure and its lake, 200 miles long, will cover a multitude of Historic Sites. Oahe is a Dacotah (Sioux) Indian word meaning "Something to stand upon," a foundation, and so it was that in 1875 Thomas L. Riggs, Congregational . . . — — Map (db m112897) HM

102 ► South Dakota, Hughes County, Pierre — Turtle Effigy —

On Highway 1804, 0.8 miles west of Grey Goose Rd.

Effigies are patterns on the land made by the careful placement of stones. There are over one hundred effigies in South Dakota. Created by American Indians, little is understood about the effigies. Archaeologists believe some mark significant . . . — — Map (db m112889) HM

103 ► South Dakota, Hughes County, Pierre — Welcome to Steamboat Park! —

On South Poplar Street, 0.2 miles south of West Missouri Avenue, on the left when traveling south.

Welcome to Steamboat Park! Steamboat Park is located next to the Great Missouri, on which Meriwether Lewis and William Clark traveled during their Journey to the Pacific Ocean. Lewis and Clark's travels through this area have been concidered as one . . . — — Map (db m246377) HM

104 ► South Dakota, Jackson County, Interior — Badlands Oasis —

On Notch Trail.

Water is scarce in the Badlands, which get less than 16 inches of precipitation per year. The bowl-like Cliff Shelf where you stand provides more moisture than commonly found in this desolate land. Drawn to this spot for more than 11,000 . . . — — Map (db m137125) HM

105 ► South Dakota, Jackson County, Interior — Mako sica —

On Enter The Door Trail.

Mako sica - Lakota Les mauvaises terres - French The Badlands - English When the Lakota looked on the land around you, they saw the Paha ska (white hills)-a place of bountiful hunting. Historically used for . . . — — Map (db m137121) HM

106 ► South Dakota, Jerauld County, Wessington Springs — Neutral Ground —

On 2nd Street Southwest, 0.1 miles west of Dakota Avenue, on the right when traveling west.

The area within about a 5 mile radius of this site was considered a neutral area by all Indians. French traders set up a trading post every fall near the big spring. There was no fighting; competing tribes camped side-by-side. However, it is fairly . . . — — Map (db m180747) HM

107 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Arlington — 594 — Brookings County — You are about to enter —

On U.S. 81 at East Birch Street, on the right when traveling south on U.S. 81.

Home of roving Indians until 1862. The exploring party of Nicollet, scientist, and Fremont, ‘Pathfinder of the West,’ visited Oakwood Lakes July 1838, leaving the first reliable record. The region East of the Big Sioux was ceded by the Santee . . . — — Map (db m179692) HM

108 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Arlington — 252 — Kingsbury County — You are about to enter —

On U.S. 81 at East Birch Street, on the right when traveling south on U.S. 81.

A region of buffaloes and Indians until 1870s. Indian mounds are found at Spirit Lake. In 1838 the Nicollett-Fremont party skirted the NE corner. In 1857 Inkapaduta’s renegade Indians passed through with two white women captives, victims of the . . . — — Map (db m179691) HM

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109 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, De Smet — 44 — De Smet Forest / De Smet —

On U.S. 14 west of 434th Avenue, on the right when traveling west.

De Smet Forest Half mile South East of De Smet De Smet Forest was established by the South Dakota Fish, Game and Parks Department in 1946 and is one of hundreds of small roadside parks now existent or planned along South Dakota highways. At . . . — — Map (db m123917) HM

110 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, De Smet — 572 — Father Pierre Jean De Smet —

On 3rd Street Southwest at Harvey Dunn Avenue Southwest, on the right when traveling east on 3rd Street Southwest.

As a lasting tribute to the memory of Father Pierre Jean De Smet of the Society of Jesus, who for over thirty years offered his life in the service of the Indian people traveling far beyond the Rocky Mountains and sharing with them his deep love of . . . — — Map (db m182757) HM

111 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Oldham — 238 — Kingsbury County / Lake County — You are about to enter —

On U.S. 81 at 220th Street (County Road 10), on the left when traveling north on U.S. 81.

You are about to enter Kingsbury County A region of buffaloes and Indians until 1870s. Indian mounds are found at Spirit Lake. In 1838 the Nicollet-Fremont party skirted the NE corner. In 1857 Inkepaduta's renegade Indians passed through . . . — — Map (db m179687) HM

112 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Madison — Here in April 1857

On Territorial Road, 0.4 miles north of 234th Street (State Highway 236). Reported missing.

Here in April 1857, two Christian Indians, Seahota (Greyfoot) and Makpeyahahoton (Sounding Heavens) braved the wrath of Inkpaduta, a renegade Sioux. He and his band had killed 42 persons at Spirit Lake, Iowa in March and carried off four white women . . . — — Map (db m205240) HM

113 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Madison — 113 — Lake Herman - Historic Points — 1 to 2 Miles South

On Territorial Road just south of U.S. 81, on the right when traveling south. Reported missing.

Lake Herman was the original stopping point on the Indian Trail that led from the pipestone quarries in Minnesota to the Three Rivers of the Sioux, a Sioux sanctuary near Fort Thompson on the Missouri. State Highway No. 34 closely follows this . . . — — Map (db m180136) HM

114 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Winfred — 199 — Lake County / Miner County — You are about to enter —

On 233rd St. at 442nd Ave., on the right when traveling west on 233rd St..

Lake County So named because of its beautiful lakes. It had been the realm of the Dacotah (Sioux) Indians with few white intruders until ceded by the Yankton tribe in 1858. In 1857 the Noble's Trail was built across its NE corner and that year . . . — — Map (db m177453) HM

115 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, North Spearfish — 625 — Northern Hills Rest Area —

On Interstate 90, 1 mile west of Red Hill Road, on the right when traveling east.

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the inter-state highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains . . . — — Map (db m202618) HM

116 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, Pluma — Cheyenne & Deadwood Stage Route —

On CanAm Highway (U.S. 85) north of U.S. 385, on the left when traveling north.

From 1876 to 1887, the Cheyenne and Deadwood Stage Route connected the Union Pacific Railroad with the gold mining regions in the Black Hills of Dakota Territory. A portion of this route once passed the location before you. In its heyday, this . . . — — Map (db m121086) HM

117 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, Spearfish — Spearfish Canyon Through Time — Bridal Veil Falls —

On U.S. 14A, 6 miles south of Business 90, on the left when traveling south.

"But how it is that I've heard so little of this miracle and we, toward the Atlantic, have heard so much of the Grand Canyon when this is even more miraculous? All the better eventually… (that the Dakotas are not on the through line to the . . . — — Map (db m124130) HM

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118 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Canton — 708 — Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians —

On U.S. 18, 1 mile east of 482nd Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

Receiving Congressional appropriations in 1899, the Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians was the second federal mental hospital and the first dedicated to American Indians. The first patient arrived in 1902, and through 1934, more than 370 . . . — — Map (db m183486) HM

119 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1600s — A Vibrant Village —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street.

The years 1500 to 1714 were the height of occupation by ancestors of the Omaha/Ponca and Ioway/Otoe. Their villages stretched down both sides of the Big Sioux River for nearly five miles. With 6,000 or more residents at its peak, Blood Run/Good . . . — — Map (db m210634) HM

120 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1714 — Encounters with the Sioux —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102).

By approximately 1714, archaeologists and tribal historians believe that Blood Run was abandoned. Using guns and horses, the Sioux had expanded their influence in the region and gained control of the pipestone quarries 60 miles to the north. . . . — — Map (db m210633) HM

121 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1870s — Euro-American Settlers —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102).

In 1858, most of the Yankton Sioux were pushed west of the Missouri River. This move opened their former homeland to Euro-American settlement. While the onset of the Civil War slowed settlement in the region, Euro-American settlers began . . . — — Map (db m210632) HM

122 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1888 — The Railroad Arrives —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) north of 270th Street, on the right when traveling north.

In 1888, the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad Company completed their route between Rock Rapids, Iowa, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Regional residents viewed the railroad's arrival as a sign of progress, but portions of the site . . . — — Map (db m195077) HM

123 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — A Trading Center —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102), on the left when traveling south.

With abundant bison herds and control over the valuable pipestone quarries 52 miles to the north, Blood Run/Good Earth was well positioned to become a trading center. Hides and scapula hoes from bison were two important products for trade. . . . — — Map (db m204025) HM

124 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Bow Hunting —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102).

Did you know that Good Earth State Park has a limited archery season for deer and turkey hunting? Today's bow hunters are literally walking in the footsteps of Blood Run/Good Earth's earliest residents. Of course there are some differences . . . — — Map (db m211278) HM

125 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Looking Into the Past —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102), on the right when traveling north.

As you look across the Big Sioux River and onto the landscape beyond, imagine clusters of hide-covered lodges and grass-covered mounds atop the terraces above the river. The smoke from village fires curls into the air and carries the scent of . . . — — Map (db m210637) HM

126 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Sacred Images —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) south of Trading Post Road.

Eureka! In 2014, an exciting discovery occurred in the initial spot identified for the visitor center. Enormous "images" of mythic beings, called geoglyphs, sit beneath the upper layer of sod. Ancient peoples left these mysterious images . . . — — Map (db m204028) HM

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127 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Why the Name “Good Earth”? —

Near 480th Avenue (County Road 135) north of 270th Street, on the right when traveling north.

Naming the first South Dakota state park created in over 40 years was an important task. Names and titles matter. They hold meanings and stories more significant than the words alone. The park's name would need to define this place while . . . — — Map (db m195078) HM

128 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls, Springdale Township — A Landscape Shaped by Glaciers —

Near 480th Avenue (County Highway 135) 0.2 miles south of 269th Street (County Highway 102).

Brrrrrr! It would have been a chilly day 14,000 years ago. South Dakota was nearing the end of the last Ice Age and most of Lincoln County was covered by the eastern edge of a glacier, a massive sheet of ice that bulldozed across the landscape. . . . — — Map (db m244198) HM

129 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Lower Brule — 707 — Head Chief Solomon Iron Nation —

Near an unnamed road, 0.4 miles east of 321st Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

Iron Nation was born in February 1815. Though details of his youth are scarce, he grew up at a time when the Sioux were a powerful force on the northern plains. His life spanned an era of unprecedented transition, stretching from a period of Sioux . . . — — Map (db m242452) HM

130 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Reliance — 188 — Historic Highway —

On State Highway 47, 4 miles south of 248th Street (County Road 6), on the left when traveling south.

White River has been so called since Perrin de Lac camped near mouth and met Cheyennes in 1802. 16 Sept. 1804 Sgt. Patrick Gass and Reuben Fields reconnoitering were at this point. — — Map (db m184643) HM

131 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Vivian — 115 — Medicine Creek Rest Area —

On Interstate 90 at milepost 221, on the right when traveling west.

Flowing just north of here, Medicine Creek runs through the center of Lyman County, emptying into the Missouri River 27 miles (43 kilometers) to the northeast. The place-names of this Central South Dakota area read like an index to early state . . . — — Map (db m192318) HM

132 ► South Dakota, Marshall County, Lake City — Marshall County South Dakota — You Are Entering —

On Route 10, 1 mile west of 450th Ave., on the right when traveling east.

The last county organized east of the Missouri, on May 2, 1885; it had been in Sheyenne County 1862; a gigantic Hanson 1870; coincident with Stone 1873; the north half of Day 1879 and was created by the 1885 Legislature and named for Governor . . . — — Map (db m91617) HM

133 ► South Dakota, Marshall County, Sisseton — 292 — Roberts County / Marshall County —

On 119th Street (State Highway 10) 1.6 miles east of BIA Road (Road 3), on the right when traveling east.

You are entering Roberts County South Dakota Long the home of Sisseton, Wahpeton & Cuthead Yanktonaise Sioux, it became part of Deuel & Cheyenne Counties in 1862; Deuel extending N to 46th parallel (4 miles N) in 1872. The Reservation . . . — — Map (db m185145) HM

134 ► South Dakota, McCook County, Salem — 480 — Salem Rest Area —

On Interstate 90, 1.8 miles west of 441st Avenue (U.S. 81), on the right when traveling east.

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the Interstate highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains . . . — — Map (db m179882) HM

135 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Faith — 288 — Faith —

On 1st Street East (U.S. 212) east of East 1st Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

Where Highways US 212 and SD 73 meet, at the end of the Cheyenne Branch of the Milwaukee Road, we live, a half mile above sea level of the Fox Ridge Divide, our souls nourished by the picture sunsets. Our Grass is unsurpassed anywhere, . . . — — Map (db m185219) HM

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136 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Bear Butte —

On South Dakota Route 79.

Entered into the National Register of Historic Places June 19, 1973 Under the National Preservation Act of October 15, 1966 Bear Butte was placed in the National Register Because of its Spiritual value To the Plains Indians . . . — — Map (db m172497) HM

137 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 80 — Bear Butte — Mountain of Plains Indians — Cheyenne (Nowawaste) Sioux (Mato Paha) —

On 206th Street (South Dakota Route 34) 0.2 miles west of 131st Street (South Dakota Route 79), on the left when traveling east.

This 4,422 foot high volcanic bubble rises 1,200 feet above the plains, a guide for centuries to Indians, fur traders, soldiers, cowboys, and travelers. It was visited or passed by Verendrye, 1743; Lt. G. K. Warren, 1855; Hayden, the scientist and . . . — — Map (db m177396) HM

138 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 239 — Bear Butte (Mato Paha) Indian Camp

On 206th Street (State Highway 34) near Custer Avenue, on the right when traveling west. Reported damaged.

This area, extending along Bear Butte Creek, was for centuries a select camp site for the Plains Indians, who found here mountain spring water, wood, protection from the bitter north winds, together with much game and wild fruit in season. Here, or . . . — — Map (db m184003) HM

139 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Broken Promises — The Story of our History —

On Junction Avenue at Harmon Street on Junction Avenue.

The Fort Laramie Treaties of 1851 and 1868 held implications that would impact the destiny of the Lakota people for generations. The government promised in the 1868 treaty to care for them by building an agency on the reservation with commensurate . . . — — Map (db m174078) HM

140 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 33 — Camp J.G. Sturgis / Scooptown —

On 130th Avenue (South Dakota Route 79) at 201st Street, on the right when traveling north on 130th Avenue.

Camp J.G. Sturgis Named for Lt. J.G. Sturgis, killed June 25, 1876 at Battle of Little Big Horn. Established July 1, 1878 in this area by Cos. G.F.I.K., 1st US Infantry; D.G. 11th US Infantry; Hq. & Trs. A.C.D.E.G.I.K.M. 7th US Cavalry; Col. . . . — — Map (db m177387) HM

141 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Charles Nolin —

On Junction Avenue at Harmon Street on Junction Avenue.

Age 24 Pony Mail Carrier Was ambushed, Killed And Scalped on this spot in August 1876. — — Map (db m174059) HM

142 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 512 — Civilian Conservation Corps Camps —

On South Dakota Route 34 at Custer Avenue, on the left when traveling east on State Route 34.

Camps D-Army-1 & SCS-6 (Fechner): 1/2 mile S on W edge of Ft. Meade D-Army-1 company: 2758--7/20/34-10/31/35. SCS-6 companies: 2765--10/15/36-5/27/42; 4725V--5/28/42-7/27/42. The Civilian Conservation Corps was a federal work-relief program during . . . — — Map (db m184004) HM

143 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Sacred Mountain of the Plains Indians —

On South Dakota Route 79.

Noavosse (cheyenne) "The good Mountain" Mato Paha (Sioux) "Bear Mountain" Here through the centuries plains Indians received spiritual guidance from their creator. Here the Cheyenne Prophet, Sweet Medicine, received the 4 . . . — — Map (db m172490) HM

144 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — The Fate of the Mail Carrier — The Story of our History —

On Junction Avenue at Harmon Street on Junction Avenue.

On this site, the evening of August 19, 1876, 24-year-old Charles "Red" Nolin, pony mail carrier was shot and scalped. He was asked by members of the Schofeld Freighting Outfit to stay with them for the night because of the presence of Indians in . . . — — Map (db m174075) HM

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145 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Treaties are formed — The Story of our History —

On Junction Avenue at Harmon Street on Junction Avenue.

As the United States grew and people moved west, they came in contact with the Native Americans. Out of these contacts conflicts arose. In response to these conflicts, the United States government enacted treaties with the Native Americans. . . . — — Map (db m174081) HM

146 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Vale — Lakota Holy Man, Visionary, Ambassador, Healer and Storyteller —

Near Bear Butte State Park Drive, 1 mile north of U.S. 79, on the left when traveling north.

"Give us a blessing so that our words and actions be one in unity, and that we will be able to listen to each other. In doing so, we shall with good heart walk hand in hand to face the future." Frank Fools Crow in prayer . . . — — Map (db m154913) HM

147 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — 665 — Eminija, Minnesota Territory —

On South Splitrock Boulevard (State Highway 11) 0.4 miles south of South Sioux Boulevard, on the right when traveling south.

In May of 1857, land speculators from the Dakota Land Company, of St. Paul, Minnesota Territory, surveyed and located the town site of Eminija in this immediate area. Eminija was the Santee Sioux Indian name for the Split Rock River . . . — — Map (db m198935) HM

148 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — Fortified Village —

On South Splitrock Boulevard (State Highway 11) 0.4 miles south of South Sioux Boulevard, on the right when traveling south.

In 1922 pioneer archeologist Dr. W. H. Over recorded the Brandon Village site, the only documented prehistoric fortified village in Minnehaha County. It is located one-half mile west of this spot, on top of a narrow ridge 85 feet above the flood . . . — — Map (db m198934) HM

149 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — 688 — The Eminija Mounds —

On South Splitrock Boulevard (State Highway 11) 0.4 miles south of South Sioux Boulevard, on the right when traveling south.

The Eminija Mounds, the largest and most numerous burial mound group in South Dakota, were built by Native Americans of the Late Woodland Period and may date from 500 to 1000 A.D. The original group consisted of at least 38 dome-shaped burial . . . — — Map (db m198936) HM

150 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Colton — Taopi —

On 248th Street (County Road 110) at 461st Avenue (County Road 155), on the right when traveling west on 248th Street.

In 1878 John B. Goddard and his family left their home near Taopi, Minn., and traveled by horse-drawn wagons to this site. They settled here in Dakota Territory, a sparsely populated area three miles beyond the end of the trail. With his son . . . — — Map (db m186910) HM

151 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 500 A.D. Copper Knife —

On West Indian Mound Place, on the right when traveling west.

For several thousand years ancient peoples quarried veins of pure copper in the Lake Superior area. First, they built fires next to exposed raw copper to loosen it from bedrock. Next, they used handheld stone mauls to dislodge chunks of copper that . . . — — Map (db m197252) HM

152 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Ceremonial Dance Circle —

On W 22nd Street.

Side 1 Dr. W.H. Over, South Dakota's first archeologist, sketched maps of two 1600s' Omaha earth-hut villages in present-day lower Sherman Park. He also outlined a 51-feet in diameter Omaha dance bowl or circle in the upper park. . . . — — Map (db m139437) HM

153 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Earth-Hut Villages —

On West Indian Mound Place, 0.1 miles west of South Kiwanis Avenue, on the right when traveling west.

Pioneer archeologist Dr. William H. Over mapped two 1600s' Omaha earth-hut villages located along the nearby banks of the Big Sioux River. He noted that the south village was "a very old site" and that the larger village "lying 500 yds. to the north . . . — — Map (db m197249) HM

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154 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 543 — In Memory of Makana Na Ota E 'En —

On West Madison Street, 0.1 miles east of North Covell Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

Enraged over the broken promises of the white man, the Santee Sioux, led by Chief Little Crow, launched the "War of the Outbreak" - or "Dakota War" - in August, 1862, along the Minnesota River. Little Crow ordered White . . . — — Map (db m184699) HM

155 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Linear Mound —

Side 1 When T.H. Lewis surveyed burial mounds in this area in 1884, he sketched an unusual and puzzling linear or "cigar" shaped mound at this spot. Lying from the southeast to the northwest, it measured 60 by 20 feet and was 1 foot . . . — — Map (db m139854) HM

156 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Massacre Site —

On West Algonquin Street, 0.1 miles east of F Avenue North, on the right when traveling west.

In late July 1864, members of a uniformed, all-Indian, Yankton Agency scout unit followed the trail of an unknown war party. When the warriors attempted to flee, they were pursued, captured, and taken to the Yankton's camp about one mile north of . . . — — Map (db m194664) HM

157 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Mound Builders Village —

Side 1 Pioneer archeologist Dr. W.H. Over recorded that the prehistoric builders of the nearby Sherman Park burial mounds lived in a 10-acre village on a lower terrace south of this location. The village extended west from 26th Street . . . — — Map (db m139822) HM

158 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Owancatowin —

Near South Marion Road, on the right when traveling south.

Under the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, Indians were permitted to claim 160-acre homesteads on public lands. In February of 1869, a band of Dakota families left the Santee Agency at Niobrara, Nebr., to head for eastern Dakota Territory. They were on . . . — — Map (db m208567) HM

159 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 361 — Sherman Park Indian Burial Mounds —

In these mounds were buried the physical remains of Indians who lived in eastern South Dakota 1600 years ago. Radiocarbon testing established the time of the burials. Known to archaeologists as the Woodland Indians, they moved westward from the . . . — — Map (db m179951) HM

160 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Fifth Mound —

Side 1 Between 300 to 1000 A.D., stone-age people of the Late Woodland culture lived nearby. They were among the first permanent residents of Sioux Falls. Proof of their existence is provided by the line of five burial mounds that they . . . — — Map (db m139820) HM

161 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road —

On West 22nd street, on the left when traveling west.

Here is preserved the Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road Over this trail the people of Sioux Falls fled to Yankton under cavalry escort for safety from hostile Sioux Indians, Aug. 28, 1862 — — Map (db m97298) HM

162 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — Lost Bird —

On W 17th Street, 0.1 miles west of S Phillips Ave, on the left when traveling west.

On December 28, 1890, 500 well-armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry surrounded a tepee camp of 350 Lakota prisoners of war at Wounded Knee Creek S.D. During a search for weapons the next morning, a Lakota accidentally discharged his rifle. Reacting . . . — — Map (db m131968) HM

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163 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock

On W 8th Avenue, 0.1 miles west of S Duluth Avenue, on the left when traveling west. Reported permanently removed.

The Search In late 1924, Richard Pettigrew began searching for a sacred boulder to add to his museum. He had heard about a large rock with symbols on it called Medicine Rock, located near Gettysburg, South Dakota. Pettigrew wanted . . . — — Map (db m131985) HM

164 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock —

On West 8th Street west of North Duluth Avenue, on the right when traveling east.

In 1925, a man asked a Sioux Elder how old the carvings on this type of rock were. The reply: "My grandfather was a very old man when I was a little boy. When he was a little boy the rock was just the same (already carved)". -R.F. Pettigrew . . . — — Map (db m192306) HM

165 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Early Sioux Falls —

Near North Cherapa Place south of East 6th Street.

Over history the falls have been revered by many different Native American cultures. No formal archaeological digs have been performed at the falls area, but stone tools have been found throughout the region. The area surrounding the falls was . . . — — Map (db m124493) HM

166 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Fort Dakota, D.T. —

On North Phillips Avenue, 0.1 miles north of East 8th Street, on the right when traveling north.

(side one) Residents fled Sioux Falls City, Dakota Territory, after the 1862 slaying of the Amidons. The town site was abandoned until May 5, 1865, when Lt. Col. John Pattee chose this location for Fort Brookings, a new military post. . . . — — Map (db m124189) HM

167 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Richard Franklin Pettigrew — (1848 - 1926) —

On North Phillips Avenue north of West 5th Street, on the right when traveling north.

(panel 1) ”If you didn't drink whiskey, play cards, use your fists or otherwise intimidate, you didn't belong in the arena with Frank Pettigrew… a man who came to the Dakotas with nothing but desire, talent and ambition. He pitched his . . . — — Map (db m124226) HM

168 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Tasunke-Ota —

On South Phillips Avenue north of West 10th Street (State Highway 42), on the right when traveling south.

On January 5, 1891, Frist Lieutenant Edward W. Casey attempted to reconnoiter a Ghost Dance camp near Pine Ridge Indian Agency in western South Dakota. When Casey was directed to leave, Tasunke-Ota (Plenty Horses), a camp guard, shot and killed him. . . . — — Map (db m192242) HM

169 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — 1851 Indian Treaty —

Near East Falls Park Drive at North 2nd Avenue when traveling south.

On July 23, 1851, at Traverse des Sioux, near present-day St. Peter, Minnesota, 35 Sisseton and Wahpeton chiefs and headmen signed a treaty that had a profound effect on the future Sioux Falls. More than 24 million acres of tribal land, including . . . — — Map (db m198707) HM

170 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — Frederick Manfred’s “Siouxland” —

Near East Falls Park Drive at North 2nd Avenue.

This spot is near the center of an area called “Siouxland,” so named by writer Frederick F. Manfred (1912–1994). Manfred established a distinct identity for this region, the drainage basin of the Big Sioux River. It includes parts . . . — — Map (db m92175) HM

171 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — Human Timeline —

Near East Falls Park Drive at North 2nd Avenue when traveling south.

About 10,000 B.C., as the Wisconsin glacier retreated at the end of the last Ice Age, the first humans came into this region. These nomadic hunters pursued mammoths and other large mammals. Now known as Paleoindians, their spears were tipped with . . . — — Map (db m198702) HM

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172 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Valley Springs — 687 — Minnehaha County —

On Interstate 90, on the right when traveling west.

No one knows when the first people came to live on the land that now comprises Minnehaha County, but native Woodland and Oneota peoples were here over 1000 years ago. The Big Sioux River which flows south through the county, appears on maps in . . . — — Map (db m179043) HM

173 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Valley Springs — 484 — Valley Springs Rest Area —

Near Interstate 90 at milepost 412.1,, 1.2 miles west of State Route 23, on the right when traveling west.

Indian and frontier legends mix with the space age as you enter South Dakota here. Just one and one-half miles south, Valley Springs typifies early South Dakota settlements. Established in 1873, the town got its name from the many springs found by . . . — — Map (db m179040) HM

174 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Brookings — 608 — Moody County — You are about to enter —

On 471st Avenue at 220th Street, on the right when traveling north on 471st Avenue.

domain of the Dakota (Sioux) Indians, with a trading post, traditionally, at the Great Bend as early as 1763 and Joseph LaFramboise in 1822 and Philander Prescott, 1832-33, certainly had posts there. That portion east of the Big Sioux was ceded by . . . — — Map (db m181270) HM

175 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Colman — 198 — Lake County / Moody County — You are about to enter —

On 235th Street (State Highway 34 at milepost 400) east of 466th Avenue, on the right when traveling west.

You are about to enter Lake County so named because of its beautiful lakes. It had been the realm of the Dacotah (Sioux) Indians with few white intruders until ceded by the Yankton tribe in 1858. In 1857 the Noble's Trail was built across . . . — — Map (db m208335) HM

176 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Dakota Akicita Wokisye / Dakota Soldiers Memorial —

On 481st Avenue (State Highway 13) 0.5 miles north of 229th Street, on the right when traveling north.

Dakota Akicita Wokisuye De kisuyapo De makoce mitawa De makoce tewahinda Heun ozuye wai Dakota Soldiers Memorial Remember this This is my land I loved my land Therefore I went to . . . — — Map (db m177761) HM WM

177 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 162 — Flandreau Christian Indian Community —

On State Highway 13, 0.2 miles north of 229th Street, on the right when traveling north.

For a quarter of a century before 1862 and its War of the Indian Outbreak in Minnesota, Santee Sioux had been accepting Christianity. With the killing of over 500 whites by a truculent minority. The government hung 38, imprisoned over 300 at . . . — — Map (db m177447) HM

178 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 457 — Flandreau Indian High School —

On 481st Avenue (State Highway 13) 0.2 miles south of 229th Street, on the right when traveling south.

One hundred years ago Flandreau Indian School had its inception when the federal government appropriated $1,000 for the mission school set up in 1872 by Presbyterian missionaries for Santee Sioux who had homesteaded near Flandreau. The first . . . — — Map (db m181272) HM

179 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 590 — In Memory of Mrs. Joseph Thatcher —

On Flandreau Park Road, 0.3 miles north of 230th Street, on the right when traveling north.

One of the captives of the Spirit Lake Massacre, who was drowned while crossing the Big Sioux River, in April 1857, about 300 yards east of this point. — — Map (db m181285) HM

180 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Riverbend Meeting House — Built 1871 – Restored 1989 —

On Water Street at East 2nd Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Water Street.

A 22'x36' wood frame building was erected by the Presbyterian Missions in 1871 in the vicinity of 400 North Crescent Street as a church for the Santee Sioux settlers. Replaced as a church in 1873, it was used as a school and meeting house until 1891 . . . — — Map (db m181277) HM

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181 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Wakpaipaksan Okodakiciye — 'River Bend Church' —

Near 481st Avenue (State Highway 13) 0.2 miles north of 229th Street, on the right when traveling north.

Organized by Dakota Indian Presbytery Oct. 3, 1869 with 47 members Name changed in 1879 to First Presbyterian Church Building constructed in 1873 Restoration completed in 2003 The oldest continuously used church in the state of . . . — — Map (db m181262) HM

182 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Porcupine — 379 — Chief Big Foot Surrenders

On Big Foot Trail (County Road 27) 5.9 miles north of County Road 28. Reported damaged.

East 1/2 mile from this point on the old Cherry Creek - Pine Ridge Trail, Chief Big Foot (Spotted Elk) and his Minneconjou, wagon Horse band, with some forty braves and Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band was intercepted and surrended on December 28, 1890 . . . — — Map (db m179956) HM

183 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Wounded Knee — Chief Big Foot Massacre Monument —

On Big Foot Trail (SD 27).

This monument erected by surviving relatives and other Ogallala and Cheyenne River Sioux Indians in memory of the Chief Big Foot Massacre December 29, 1890. Col. Forsyth was in command of the U.S. Troops. Big Foot was a great chief of the Sioux . . . — — Map (db m122747) WM

184 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Wounded Knee — Massacre of Wounded Knee —

On an unnamed extension off Big Foot Trail, 0.1 miles north of Big Foot Trail and Mouse Creek Road, in the median.

Dec. 29, 1890, Chief Big Foot, with his Minneconjou and Hunkpapa Sioux Band of 108 warriors, 250 women and children were encamped on this Flat, surrounded by the U.S. 7th Cavalry (470 soldiers) commanded by Col. Forsythe. The "Messiah Craze" . . . — — Map (db m40643) HM

185 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Interior — Journey to Wounded Knee — Badlands National Park —

On State Highway 240.

Journey to Wounded Knee-December 24, 1890 a bitter Christmas Eve wind rattled the wagon in which Minneconjou Chief Big Foot lay waiting while his people cleared a pass down the Badlands Wall. Several hours of hard work with axes and spades made the . . . — — Map (db m62104) HM

186 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Rapid City — 4 — Pioneers and Native Americans — [Founders Park Plaza] —

Near West Omaha Street just east of Canal Street, on the right when traveling west.

Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy with his wife Fannie, at home at 727 South St. McGillycuddy was Mayor, Indian Agent, Dean of the School of Mines and South Dakota's first State Surgeon. Joseph and Alice Gossage Publishers of the city's most . . . — — Map (db m187540) HM

187 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — 557 — Cheyenne River Rest Area —

Near Interstate 90 at milepost 98 east of Base Line Road, on the right when traveling east.

188 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — 557 — Cheyenne River Rest Area —

Near Interstate 90 at milepost 100, on the right when traveling west.

189 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — Native American Culture —

On Interstate 990, 0.5 miles Wasta, on the right when traveling east.

South Dakota is home to nine tribes of the Sioux Nation, each of which is identified by one of three dialects: Dakota, Lakota and Nakota. One way to experience a part of tribal culture is by attending a "wacipi" or "powwow," to see the colorful . . . — — Map (db m161875) HM

190 ► South Dakota, Perkins County, Bison — In Memory of Hugh Glass —

On East Carr Street at First Avenue East, on the left when traveling east on East Carr Street.

Built by Perkins County Old-Timers’ Ass’n in 1939 In Memory of Hugh Glass Hunter with Ashley’s Fur Traders, mauled by a grizzly bear while camping at the forks of Grand River north of Bison in 1823. Left for dead, . . . — — Map (db m164223) HM

191 ► South Dakota, Potter County, Gettysburg — 24 — Medicine Rock —

On West Commercial Avenue east of South Platte Street, on the left when traveling east.

Originally located near mouth of Little Cheyenne River 15 miles west it was to be inundated by the Oahe Dam and so moved here. White men, ascending the Missouri, observed this huge rock on a hillside and were told by the Indians it was a Sacred . . . — — Map (db m246332) HM

192 ► South Dakota, Potter County, Gettysburg — 438 — Original Site Medicine Rock — 2.6 miles —

On U.S. 212 at 296th Avenue, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 212.

Don't look now. Because that site is normally under 50 feet of water. 125 feet from the shore at a point 1.15 miles northeast along a meandering shore line, from the point this road finally runs into the Oahe Reservoir. It was a landmark in . . . — — Map (db m184292) HM

193 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Claire City — 201 — Roberts County / Richland County, North Dakota —

On 455th Avenue (State Highway 25) 0.4 miles south of 102nd Street, on the right when traveling south.

194 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Corona — 251 — Roberts County / Grant County —

On 478th Avenue (State Highway 15) at 142nd Street, on the right when traveling north on 478th Avenue.

195 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, New Effington — Glacial Lakes Rest Area —

Near Interstate 29 at milepost 2, on the right when traveling south.

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the interstate highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains Indian . . . — — Map (db m93243) HM

196 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Ortley — 258 — Roberts County / Day County South Dakota — You Are Entering —

On U.S. 12, 0.8 miles west of 450th Ave., on the right when traveling east.

Roberts County Long the home of Sisseton, Wahpeton & Cuthead Yanktonaise Sioux, it became part of Deuel & Cheyenne Counties in 1862; Deuel extending N to 46th parallel (4 miles N) in 1872. The Reservation extending S to Lake Kampeska in a . . . — — Map (db m185165) HM

197 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Peever — 353 — John Otherday — 1801-1869 —

Near BIA 200, 1.8 miles west of Whipple Road (County Highway 34), on the left when traveling west.

Born at Swan Lake, Minnesota, and converted to Christianity by Protestant Missionaries. In 1857, he led in rescue of Abbie Gardner, from Hostile Indians, on James River (near Redfield) and in 1862 rendered heroic service protecting the whites during . . . — — Map (db m197538) HM

198 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Sisseton — 354 — Little Paul Mazakutemani — 1806-1887 —

Near 117th Street (Road BIA 8) 3.1 miles west of 455th Avenue (County Road 6), on the left when traveling west.

Noted Indian orator, born at Lac Qui Parle. After conversion to Christianity, he was President of the Hazelwood Republic. He participated in rescue of Abbie Gardner in 1857 from hostiles on James River (near Redfield). During War of Outbreak in . . . — — Map (db m185158) HM

199 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Sisseton — 627 — Stones from Log Flour Mill —

On 2nd Avenue East north of Maple Street East, on the right when traveling north.

Stones from Log Flour Mill built at old Indian Agency 1870. Erected here to commemorate Sisseton Indian Tribe 1952 — — Map (db m185160) HM

200 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, White Rock — 201 — Roberts County / Richland County, North Dakota —

On 478th Avenue (State Highway 127) at 102nd Street, on the right when traveling south on 478th Avenue.

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