Native Americans Topic

After filtering for South Dakota, 229 entries match your criteria. Entries 101 through 200 are listed. ⊲ Previous 100 — The final 29 ⊳

Native Americans Topic

By Ruth VanSteenwyk, March 29, 2016

Brookings County South Dakota Marker

101 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Arlington — 594 — Brookings County — You are about to enter —

Home of roving Indians until 1862. The exploring party of Nicollet, scientist, and Fremont, ‘Pathfinder of the West,’ visited Oakwood Lakes July 1838, leaving the first reliable record. The region East of the Big Sioux was ceded by the Santee . . . — — Map (db m179692) HM

102 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Arlington — 252 — Kingsbury County — You are about to enter —

A region of buffaloes and Indians until 1870s. Indian mounds are found at Spirit Lake. In 1838 the Nicollett-Fremont party skirted the NE corner. In 1857 Inkapaduta’s renegade Indians passed through with two white women captives, victims of the . . . — — Map (db m179691) HM

103 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, De Smet — 44 — De Smet Forest / De Smet —

De Smet Forest Half mile South East of De Smet De Smet Forest was established by the South Dakota Fish, Game and Parks Department in 1946 and is one of hundreds of small roadside parks now existent or planned along South Dakota highways. At . . . — — Map (db m123917) HM

104 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, De Smet — 572 — Father Pierre Jean De Smet —

As a lasting tribute to the memory of Father Pierre Jean De Smet of the Society of Jesus, who for over thirty years offered his life in the service of the Indian people traveling far beyond the Rocky Mountains and sharing with them his deep love of . . . — — Map (db m182757) HM

105 ► South Dakota, Kingsbury County, Oldham — 238 — Kingsbury County / Lake County — You are about to enter —

You are about to enter Kingsbury County A region of buffaloes and Indians until 1870s. Indian mounds are found at Spirit Lake. In 1838 the Nicollet-Fremont party skirted the NE corner. In 1857 Inkepaduta's renegade Indians passed through . . . — — Map (db m179687) HM

106 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Madison — Here in April 1857 — Reported missing

Here in April 1857, two Christian Indians, Seahota (Greyfoot) and Makpeyahahoton (Sounding Heavens) braved the wrath of Inkpaduta, a renegade Sioux. He and his band had killed 42 persons at Spirit Lake, Iowa in March and carried off four white women . . . — — Map (db m205240) HM

107 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Madison — 113 — Lake Herman - Historic Points — 1 to 2 Miles South — Reported missing

Lake Herman was the original stopping point on the Indian Trail that led from the pipestone quarries in Minnesota to the Three Rivers of the Sioux, a Sioux sanctuary near Fort Thompson on the Missouri. State Highway No. 34 closely follows this . . . — — Map (db m180136) HM

108 ► South Dakota, Lake County, Winfred — 199 — Lake County / Miner County — You are about to enter —

Lake County So named because of its beautiful lakes. It had been the realm of the Dacotah (Sioux) Indians with few white intruders until ceded by the Yankton tribe in 1858. In 1857 the Noble's Trail was built across its NE corner and that year . . . — — Map (db m177453) HM

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109 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, North Spearfish — 625 — Northern Hills Rest Area —

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the inter-state highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains . . . — — Map (db m202618) HM

110 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, Pluma — Cheyenne & Deadwood Stage Route —

From 1876 to 1887, the Cheyenne and Deadwood Stage Route connected the Union Pacific Railroad with the gold mining regions in the Black Hills of Dakota Territory. A portion of this route once passed the location before you. In its heyday, this . . . — — Map (db m121086) HM

111 ► South Dakota, Lawrence County, Spearfish — Spearfish Canyon Through Time — Bridal Veil Falls —

"But how it is that I've heard so little of this miracle and we, toward the Atlantic, have heard so much of the Grand Canyon when this is even more miraculous? All the better eventually… (that the Dakotas are not on the through line to the . . . — — Map (db m124130) HM

112 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Canton — 708 — Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians —

Receiving Congressional appropriations in 1899, the Hiawatha Asylum for Insane Indians was the second federal mental hospital and the first dedicated to American Indians. The first patient arrived in 1902, and through 1934, more than 370 . . . — — Map (db m183486) HM

113 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1600s — A Vibrant Village —

The years 1500 to 1714 were the height of occupation by ancestors of the Omaha/Ponca and Ioway/Otoe. Their villages stretched down both sides of the Big Sioux River for nearly five miles. With 6,000 or more residents at its peak, Blood Run/Good . . . — — Map (db m210634) HM

114 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1714 — Encounters with the Sioux —

By approximately 1714, archaeologists and tribal historians believe that Blood Run was abandoned. Using guns and horses, the Sioux had expanded their influence in the region and gained control of the pipestone quarries 60 miles to the north. . . . — — Map (db m210633) HM

115 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1870s — Euro-American Settlers —

In 1858, most of the Yankton Sioux were pushed west of the Missouri River. This move opened their former homeland to Euro-American settlement. While the onset of the Civil War slowed settlement in the region, Euro-American settlers began . . . — — Map (db m210632) HM

116 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — 1888 — The Railroad Arrives —

In 1888, the Burlington, Cedar Rapids and Northern Railroad Company completed their route between Rock Rapids, Iowa, and Sioux Falls, South Dakota. Regional residents viewed the railroad's arrival as a sign of progress, but portions of the site . . . — — Map (db m195077) HM

117 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — A Trading Center —

With abundant bison herds and control over the valuable pipestone quarries 52 miles to the north, Blood Run/Good Earth was well positioned to become a trading center. Hides and scapula hoes from bison were two important products for trade. . . . — — Map (db m204025) HM

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118 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Bow Hunting —

Did you know that Good Earth State Park has a limited archery season for deer and turkey hunting? Today's bow hunters are literally walking in the footsteps of Blood Run/Good Earth's earliest residents. Of course there are some differences . . . — — Map (db m211278) HM

119 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Looking Into the Past —

As you look across the Big Sioux River and onto the landscape beyond, imagine clusters of hide-covered lodges and grass-covered mounds atop the terraces above the river. The smoke from village fires curls into the air and carries the scent of . . . — — Map (db m210637) HM

120 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Sacred Images —

Eureka! In 2014, an exciting discovery occurred in the initial spot identified for the visitor center. Enormous "images" of mythic beings, called geoglyphs, sit beneath the upper layer of sod. Ancient peoples left these mysterious images . . . — — Map (db m204028) HM

121 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls — Why the Name “Good Earth”? —

Naming the first South Dakota state park created in over 40 years was an important task. Names and titles matter. They hold meanings and stories more significant than the words alone. The park's name would need to define this place while . . . — — Map (db m195078) HM

122 ► South Dakota, Lincoln County, Sioux Falls, Springdale Township — A Landscape Shaped by Glaciers —

Brrrrrr! It would have been a chilly day 14,000 years ago. South Dakota was nearing the end of the last Ice Age and most of Lincoln County was covered by the eastern edge of a glacier, a massive sheet of ice that bulldozed across the landscape. . . . — — Map (db m244198) HM

123 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Lower Brule — 707 — Head Chief Solomon Iron Nation —

Iron Nation was born in February 1815. Though details of his youth are scarce, he grew up at a time when the Sioux were a powerful force on the northern plains. His life spanned an era of unprecedented transition, stretching from a period of Sioux . . . — — Map (db m242452) HM

124 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Reliance — 188 — Historic Highway —

White River has been so called since Perrin de Lac camped near mouth and met Cheyennes in 1802. 16 Sept. 1804 Sgt. Patrick Gass and Reuben Fields reconnoitering were at this point. — — Map (db m184643) HM

125 ► South Dakota, Lyman County, Vivian — 115 — Medicine Creek Rest Area —

Flowing just north of here, Medicine Creek runs through the center of Lyman County, emptying into the Missouri River 27 miles (43 kilometers) to the northeast. The place-names of this Central South Dakota area read like an index to early state . . . — — Map (db m192318) HM

126 ► South Dakota, Marshall County, Lake City — Marshall County South Dakota — You Are Entering —

The last county organized east of the Missouri, on May 2, 1885; it had been in Sheyenne County 1862; a gigantic Hanson 1870; coincident with Stone 1873; the north half of Day 1879 and was created by the 1885 Legislature and named for Governor . . . — — Map (db m91617) HM

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127 ► South Dakota, Marshall County, Sisseton — 292 — Roberts County / Marshall County —

You are entering Roberts County South Dakota Long the home of Sisseton, Wahpeton & Cuthead Yanktonaise Sioux, it became part of Deuel & Cheyenne Counties in 1862; Deuel extending N to 46th parallel (4 miles N) in 1872. The Reservation . . . — — Map (db m185145) HM

128 ► South Dakota, McCook County, Salem — 480 — Salem Rest Area —

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the Interstate highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains . . . — — Map (db m179882) HM

129 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Faith — 288 — Faith —

Where Highways US 212 and SD 73 meet, at the end of the Cheyenne Branch of the Milwaukee Road, we live, a half mile above sea level of the Fox Ridge Divide, our souls nourished by the picture sunsets. Our Grass is unsurpassed anywhere, . . . — — Map (db m185219) HM

130 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Bear Butte —

Entered into the National Register of Historic Places June 19, 1973 Under the National Preservation Act of October 15, 1966 Bear Butte was placed in the National Register Because of its Spiritual value To the Plains Indians . . . — — Map (db m172497) HM

131 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 80 — Bear Butte — Mountain of Plains Indians — Cheyenne (Nowawaste) Sioux (Mato Paha) —

This 4,422 foot high volcanic bubble rises 1,200 feet above the plains, a guide for centuries to Indians, fur traders, soldiers, cowboys, and travelers. It was visited or passed by Verendrye, 1743; Lt. G. K. Warren, 1855; Hayden, the scientist and . . . — — Map (db m177396) HM

132 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 239 — Bear Butte (Mato Paha) Indian Camp — Reported damaged

This area, extending along Bear Butte Creek, was for centuries a select camp site for the Plains Indians, who found here mountain spring water, wood, protection from the bitter north winds, together with much game and wild fruit in season. Here, or . . . — — Map (db m184003) HM

133 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Broken Promises — The Story of our History —

The Fort Laramie Treaties of 1851 and 1868 held implications that would impact the destiny of the Lakota people for generations. The government promised in the 1868 treaty to care for them by building an agency on the reservation with commensurate . . . — — Map (db m174078) HM

134 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 33 — Camp J.G. Sturgis / Scooptown —

Camp J.G. Sturgis Named for Lt. J.G. Sturgis, killed June 25, 1876 at Battle of Little Big Horn. Established July 1, 1878 in this area by Cos. G.F.I.K., 1st US Infantry; D.G. 11th US Infantry; Hq. & Trs. A.C.D.E.G.I.K.M. 7th US Cavalry; Col. . . . — — Map (db m177387) HM

135 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Charles Nolin —

Age 24 Pony Mail Carrier Was ambushed, Killed And Scalped on this spot in August 1876. — — Map (db m174059) HM

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136 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — 512 — Civilian Conservation Corps Camps —

Camps D-Army-1 & SCS-6 (Fechner): 1/2 mile S on W edge of Ft. Meade D-Army-1 company: 2758--7/20/34-10/31/35. SCS-6 companies: 2765--10/15/36-5/27/42; 4725V--5/28/42-7/27/42. The Civilian Conservation Corps was a federal work-relief program during . . . — — Map (db m184004) HM

137 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Sacred Mountain of the Plains Indians —

Noavosse (cheyenne) "The good Mountain" Mato Paha (Sioux) "Bear Mountain" Here through the centuries plains Indians received spiritual guidance from their creator. Here the Cheyenne Prophet, Sweet Medicine, received the 4 . . . — — Map (db m172490) HM

138 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — The Fate of the Mail Carrier — The Story of our History —

On this site, the evening of August 19, 1876, 24-year-old Charles "Red" Nolin, pony mail carrier was shot and scalped. He was asked by members of the Schofeld Freighting Outfit to stay with them for the night because of the presence of Indians in . . . — — Map (db m174075) HM

139 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Sturgis — Treaties are formed — The Story of our History —

As the United States grew and people moved west, they came in contact with the Native Americans. Out of these contacts conflicts arose. In response to these conflicts, the United States government enacted treaties with the Native Americans. . . . — — Map (db m174081) HM

140 ► South Dakota, Meade County, Vale — Lakota Holy Man, Visionary, Ambassador, Healer and Storyteller —

"Give us a blessing so that our words and actions be one in unity, and that we will be able to listen to each other. In doing so, we shall with good heart walk hand in hand to face the future." Frank Fools Crow in prayer . . . — — Map (db m154913) HM

141 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — 665 — Eminija, Minnesota Territory —

In May of 1857, land speculators from the Dakota Land Company, of St. Paul, Minnesota Territory, surveyed and located the town site of Eminija in this immediate area. Eminija was the Santee Sioux Indian name for the Split Rock River . . . — — Map (db m198935) HM

142 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — Fortified Village —

In 1922 pioneer archeologist Dr. W. H. Over recorded the Brandon Village site, the only documented prehistoric fortified village in Minnehaha County. It is located one-half mile west of this spot, on top of a narrow ridge 85 feet above the flood . . . — — Map (db m198934) HM

143 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Brandon — 688 — The Eminija Mounds —

The Eminija Mounds, the largest and most numerous burial mound group in South Dakota, were built by Native Americans of the Late Woodland Period and may date from 500 to 1000 A.D. The original group consisted of at least 38 dome-shaped burial . . . — — Map (db m198936) HM

144 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Colton — Taopi —

In 1878 John B. Goddard and his family left their home near Taopi, Minn., and traveled by horse-drawn wagons to this site. They settled here in Dakota Territory, a sparsely populated area three miles beyond the end of the trail. With his son . . . — — Map (db m186910) HM

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145 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 500 A.D. Copper Knife —

For several thousand years ancient peoples quarried veins of pure copper in the Lake Superior area. First, they built fires next to exposed raw copper to loosen it from bedrock. Next, they used handheld stone mauls to dislodge chunks of copper that . . . — — Map (db m197252) HM

146 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Ceremonial Dance Circle —

Side 1 Dr. W.H. Over, South Dakota's first archeologist, sketched maps of two 1600s' Omaha earth-hut villages in present-day lower Sherman Park. He also outlined a 51-feet in diameter Omaha dance bowl or circle in the upper park. . . . — — Map (db m139437) HM

147 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Earth-Hut Villages —

Pioneer archeologist Dr. William H. Over mapped two 1600s' Omaha earth-hut villages located along the nearby banks of the Big Sioux River. He noted that the south village was "a very old site" and that the larger village "lying 500 yds. to the north . . . — — Map (db m197249) HM

148 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 543 — In Memory of Makana Na Ota E 'En —

Enraged over the broken promises of the white man, the Santee Sioux, led by Chief Little Crow, launched the "War of the Outbreak" - or "Dakota War" - in August, 1862, along the Minnesota River. Little Crow ordered White . . . — — Map (db m184699) HM

149 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Linear Mound —

Side 1 When T.H. Lewis surveyed burial mounds in this area in 1884, he sketched an unusual and puzzling linear or "cigar" shaped mound at this spot. Lying from the southeast to the northwest, it measured 60 by 20 feet and was 1 foot . . . — — Map (db m139854) HM

150 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Massacre Site —

In late July 1864, members of a uniformed, all-Indian, Yankton Agency scout unit followed the trail of an unknown war party. When the warriors attempted to flee, they were pursued, captured, and taken to the Yankton's camp about one mile north of . . . — — Map (db m194664) HM

151 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Mound Builders Village —

Side 1 Pioneer archeologist Dr. W.H. Over recorded that the prehistoric builders of the nearby Sherman Park burial mounds lived in a 10-acre village on a lower terrace south of this location. The village extended west from 26th Street . . . — — Map (db m139822) HM

152 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — Owancatowin —

Under the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868, Indians were permitted to claim 160-acre homesteads on public lands. In February of 1869, a band of Dakota families left the Santee Agency at Niobrara, Nebr., to head for eastern Dakota Territory. They were on . . . — — Map (db m208567) HM

153 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — 361 — Sherman Park Indian Burial Mounds —

In these mounds were buried the physical remains of Indians who lived in eastern South Dakota 1600 years ago. Radiocarbon testing established the time of the burials. Known to archaeologists as the Woodland Indians, they moved westward from the . . . — — Map (db m179951) HM

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154 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Fifth Mound —

Side 1 Between 300 to 1000 A.D., stone-age people of the Late Woodland culture lived nearby. They were among the first permanent residents of Sioux Falls. Proof of their existence is provided by the line of five burial mounds that they . . . — — Map (db m139820) HM

155 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls — The Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road —

Here is preserved the Old Yankton Trail and Stage Road Over this trail the people of Sioux Falls fled to Yankton under cavalry escort for safety from hostile Sioux Indians, Aug. 28, 1862 — — Map (db m97298) HM

156 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, All Saints — Lost Bird —

On December 28, 1890, 500 well-armed soldiers of the Seventh Cavalry surrounded a tepee camp of 350 Lakota prisoners of war at Wounded Knee Creek S.D. During a search for weapons the next morning, a Lakota accidentally discharged his rifle. Reacting . . . — — Map (db m131968) HM

157 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock — Reported permanently removed

The Search In late 1924, Richard Pettigrew began searching for a sacred boulder to add to his museum. He had heard about a large rock with symbols on it called Medicine Rock, located near Gettysburg, South Dakota. Pettigrew wanted . . . — — Map (db m131985) HM

158 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Axtell Park — Prehistoric Prayer Rock —

In 1925, a man asked a Sioux Elder how old the carvings on this type of rock were. The reply: "My grandfather was a very old man when I was a little boy. When he was a little boy the rock was just the same (already carved)". -R.F. Pettigrew . . . — — Map (db m192306) HM

159 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Early Sioux Falls —

Over history the falls have been revered by many different Native American cultures. No formal archaeological digs have been performed at the falls area, but stone tools have been found throughout the region. The area surrounding the falls was . . . — — Map (db m124493) HM

160 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Fort Dakota, D.T. —

(side one) Residents fled Sioux Falls City, Dakota Territory, after the 1862 slaying of the Amidons. The town site was abandoned until May 5, 1865, when Lt. Col. John Pattee chose this location for Fort Brookings, a new military post. . . . — — Map (db m124189) HM

161 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Richard Franklin Pettigrew — (1848 - 1926) —

(panel 1) ”If you didn't drink whiskey, play cards, use your fists or otherwise intimidate, you didn't belong in the arena with Frank Pettigrew… a man who came to the Dakotas with nothing but desire, talent and ambition. He pitched his . . . — — Map (db m124226) HM

162 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, Downtown — Tasunke-Ota —

On January 5, 1891, Frist Lieutenant Edward W. Casey attempted to reconnoiter a Ghost Dance camp near Pine Ridge Indian Agency in western South Dakota. When Casey was directed to leave, Tasunke-Ota (Plenty Horses), a camp guard, shot and killed him. . . . — — Map (db m192242) HM

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163 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — 1851 Indian Treaty —

On July 23, 1851, at Traverse des Sioux, near present-day St. Peter, Minnesota, 35 Sisseton and Wahpeton chiefs and headmen signed a treaty that had a profound effect on the future Sioux Falls. More than 24 million acres of tribal land, including . . . — — Map (db m198707) HM

164 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — Frederick Manfred’s “Siouxland” —

This spot is near the center of an area called “Siouxland,” so named by writer Frederick F. Manfred (1912–1994). Manfred established a distinct identity for this region, the drainage basin of the Big Sioux River. It includes parts . . . — — Map (db m92175) HM

165 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Sioux Falls, North End East — Human Timeline —

About 10,000 B.C., as the Wisconsin glacier retreated at the end of the last Ice Age, the first humans came into this region. These nomadic hunters pursued mammoths and other large mammals. Now known as Paleoindians, their spears were tipped with . . . — — Map (db m198702) HM

166 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Valley Springs — 687 — Minnehaha County —

No one knows when the first people came to live on the land that now comprises Minnehaha County, but native Woodland and Oneota peoples were here over 1000 years ago. The Big Sioux River which flows south through the county, appears on maps in . . . — — Map (db m179043) HM

167 ► South Dakota, Minnehaha County, Valley Springs — 484 — Valley Springs Rest Area —

Indian and frontier legends mix with the space age as you enter South Dakota here. Just one and one-half miles south, Valley Springs typifies early South Dakota settlements. Established in 1873, the town got its name from the many springs found by . . . — — Map (db m179040) HM

168 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Brookings — 608 — Moody County — You are about to enter —

domain of the Dakota (Sioux) Indians, with a trading post, traditionally, at the Great Bend as early as 1763 and Joseph LaFramboise in 1822 and Philander Prescott, 1832-33, certainly had posts there. That portion east of the Big Sioux was ceded by . . . — — Map (db m181270) HM

169 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Colman — 198 — Lake County / Moody County — You are about to enter —

You are about to enter Lake County so named because of its beautiful lakes. It had been the realm of the Dacotah (Sioux) Indians with few white intruders until ceded by the Yankton tribe in 1858. In 1857 the Noble's Trail was built across . . . — — Map (db m208335) HM

170 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Dakota Akicita Wokisye / Dakota Soldiers Memorial —

Dakota Akicita Wokisuye De kisuyapo De makoce mitawa De makoce tewahinda Heun ozuye wai Dakota Soldiers Memorial Remember this This is my land I loved my land Therefore I went to . . . — — Map (db m177761) HM WM

171 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 162 — Flandreau Christian Indian Community —

For a quarter of a century before 1862 and its War of the Indian Outbreak in Minnesota, Santee Sioux had been accepting Christianity. With the killing of over 500 whites by a truculent minority. The government hung 38, imprisoned over 300 at . . . — — Map (db m177447) HM

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172 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 457 — Flandreau Indian High School —

One hundred years ago Flandreau Indian School had its inception when the federal government appropriated $1,000 for the mission school set up in 1872 by Presbyterian missionaries for Santee Sioux who had homesteaded near Flandreau. The first . . . — — Map (db m181272) HM

173 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — 590 — In Memory of Mrs. Joseph Thatcher —

One of the captives of the Spirit Lake Massacre, who was drowned while crossing the Big Sioux River, in April 1857, about 300 yards east of this point. — — Map (db m181285) HM

174 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Riverbend Meeting House — Built 1871 – Restored 1989 —

A 22'x36' wood frame building was erected by the Presbyterian Missions in 1871 in the vicinity of 400 North Crescent Street as a church for the Santee Sioux settlers. Replaced as a church in 1873, it was used as a school and meeting house until 1891 . . . — — Map (db m181277) HM

175 ► South Dakota, Moody County, Flandreau — Wakpaipaksan Okodakiciye — 'River Bend Church' —

Organized by Dakota Indian Presbytery Oct. 3, 1869 with 47 members Name changed in 1879 to First Presbyterian Church Building constructed in 1873 Restoration completed in 2003 The oldest continuously used church in the state of . . . — — Map (db m181262) HM

176 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Porcupine — 379 — Chief Big Foot Surrenders — Reported damaged

East 1/2 mile from this point on the old Cherry Creek - Pine Ridge Trail, Chief Big Foot (Spotted Elk) and his Minneconjou, wagon Horse band, with some forty braves and Sitting Bull's Hunkpapa band was intercepted and surrended on December 28, 1890 . . . — — Map (db m179956) HM

177 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Wounded Knee — Chief Big Foot Massacre Monument —

This monument erected by surviving relatives and other Ogallala and Cheyenne River Sioux Indians in memory of the Chief Big Foot Massacre December 29, 1890. Col. Forsyth was in command of the U.S. Troops. Big Foot was a great chief of the Sioux . . . — — Map (db m122747) WM

178 ► South Dakota, Oglala Lakota County, Wounded Knee — Massacre of Wounded Knee —

Dec. 29, 1890, Chief Big Foot, with his Minneconjou and Hunkpapa Sioux Band of 108 warriors, 250 women and children were encamped on this Flat, surrounded by the U.S. 7th Cavalry (470 soldiers) commanded by Col. Forsythe. The "Messiah Craze" . . . — — Map (db m40643) HM

179 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Interior — Journey to Wounded Knee — Badlands National Park —

Journey to Wounded Knee-December 24, 1890 a bitter Christmas Eve wind rattled the wagon in which Minneconjou Chief Big Foot lay waiting while his people cleared a pass down the Badlands Wall. Several hours of hard work with axes and spades made the . . . — — Map (db m62104) HM

180 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Rapid City — 4 — Pioneers and Native Americans — [Founders Park Plaza] —

Dr. Valentine McGillycuddy with his wife Fannie, at home at 727 South St. McGillycuddy was Mayor, Indian Agent, Dean of the School of Mines and South Dakota's first State Surgeon. Joseph and Alice Gossage Publishers of the city's most . . . — — Map (db m187540) HM

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181 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — 557 — Cheyenne River Rest Area —

182 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — 557 — Cheyenne River Rest Area —

183 ► South Dakota, Pennington County, Wasta — Native American Culture —

South Dakota is home to nine tribes of the Sioux Nation, each of which is identified by one of three dialects: Dakota, Lakota and Nakota. One way to experience a part of tribal culture is by attending a "wacipi" or "powwow," to see the colorful . . . — — Map (db m161875) HM

184 ► South Dakota, Perkins County, Bison — In Memory of Hugh Glass —

Built by Perkins County Old-Timers’ Ass’n in 1939 In Memory of Hugh Glass Hunter with Ashley’s Fur Traders, mauled by a grizzly bear while camping at the forks of Grand River north of Bison in 1823. Left for dead, . . . — — Map (db m164223) HM

185 ► South Dakota, Potter County, Gettysburg — 438 — Original Site Medicine Rock — 2.6 miles —

Don't look now. Because that site is normally under 50 feet of water. 125 feet from the shore at a point 1.15 miles northeast along a meandering shore line, from the point this road finally runs into the Oahe Reservoir. It was a landmark in . . . — — Map (db m184292) HM

186 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Claire City — 201 — Roberts County / Richland County, North Dakota —

187 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Corona — 251 — Roberts County / Grant County —

188 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, New Effington — Glacial Lakes Rest Area —

South Dakota's rich western heritage has been remembered along the interstate highway system at safety rest areas and tourist information centers. The eight pillars which thrust skyward here merge in the framework of a tipi, the Plains Indian . . . — — Map (db m93243) HM

189 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Ortley — 258 — Roberts County / Day County South Dakota — You Are Entering —

Roberts County Long the home of Sisseton, Wahpeton & Cuthead Yanktonaise Sioux, it became part of Deuel & Cheyenne Counties in 1862; Deuel extending N to 46th parallel (4 miles N) in 1872. The Reservation extending S to Lake Kampeska in a . . . — — Map (db m185165) HM

190 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Peever — 353 — John Otherday — 1801-1869 —

Born at Swan Lake, Minnesota, and converted to Christianity by Protestant Missionaries. In 1857, he led in rescue of Abbie Gardner, from Hostile Indians, on James River (near Redfield) and in 1862 rendered heroic service protecting the whites during . . . — — Map (db m197538) HM

191 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Sisseton — 354 — Little Paul Mazakutemani — 1806-1887 —

Noted Indian orator, born at Lac Qui Parle. After conversion to Christianity, he was President of the Hazelwood Republic. He participated in rescue of Abbie Gardner in 1857 from hostiles on James River (near Redfield). During War of Outbreak in . . . — — Map (db m185158) HM

192 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Sisseton — 627 — Stones from Log Flour Mill —

Stones from Log Flour Mill built at old Indian Agency 1870. Erected here to commemorate Sisseton Indian Tribe 1952 — — Map (db m185160) HM

193 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, White Rock — 201 — Roberts County / Richland County, North Dakota —

194 ► South Dakota, Roberts County, Wilmont — Whetstone Valley Rest Area —

You are standing on top of the Coteau des Prairies (Hills of the Prairies) overlooking the rich Whetstone Valley. This landscape was carved out some 20,000 years ago by a massive glacier which extended approximately 2,000 feet above where you now . . . — — Map (db m91421) HM

195 ► South Dakota, Sanborn County, Forestburg — 136 — Forestburg Roadside Park — Along the Old Dacotah Trail —

Long before the white man, an Indian Trail from the sanctuary at Pipestone Quarry to the "Three Rivers of the Sioux" near Ft. Thompson passed closely by. The whiteman's first road in Dakota, the Ft. Ridgely & South Pass Wagon Road, forded the James . . . — — Map (db m177446) HM

196 ► South Dakota, Spink County, Frankfort — 443 — Fisher Grove — 1/2 Mi. North —

Before white settlers came, this vicinity was inhabited by the Yankton tribe of the Sioux nation and numerous reminders of these people can still be seen in the burial mounds, storage cellars and artifacts that have been found. Fisher Grove . . . — — Map (db m180980) HM

197 ► South Dakota, Spink County, Redfield — 545 — Abbie Gardner —

. . . — — Map (db m185464) HM

198 ► South Dakota, Spink County, Redfield — 463 — Council Rock — Indian Capitol of the Dakotas —

The Sioux tribes established, near here, Council Rock as a central meeting place for all the bands. Using a black oviate rock measuring 6” x 11” surrounded by a circle of stones 15 feet in diameter, representatives of each tribe sat with feet . . . — — Map (db m185465) HM

199 ► South Dakota, Stanley County, Fort Pierre — American Indians and the Fur Trade —

The fur trade worked thanks to American Indians. They harvested buffalo and other furbearers and bartered them to white traders. For a time, this system benefited both the traders and American Indians. Traders relied on the American Indians to . . . — — Map (db m124253) HM

200 ► South Dakota, Stanley County, Fort Pierre — 211 — Centre of Missouri Valley History —

Here, you are halfway from the mouth of the source of the Missouri. Here was the centre of the Fur Trade for half a century, with eight different fur posts and two military posts within your vision. (See Map on reverse). This was, before white man . . . — — Map (db m190170) HM

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