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Native Americans Topic

 
"it was mutually advantageous..." Marker image, Touch for more information
By Barry Swackhamer, May 12, 2018
"it was mutually advantageous..." Marker
1 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — "it was mutually advantageous..."Lewis and Clark at Camp Fortunate
On State Highway 324 near Interstate 15, on the left when traveling east.
Few points along the route of the Lewis and Clark Expedition have the significance of this site, now beneath the waters of Clark Canyon Reservoir. Noted on their maps as "Fortunate Camp", the Lewis and Clark Expedition journeyed here hoping to . . . Map (db m124302) HM
2 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — Beaver's Head Rock: Native Road SignLewis & Clark Seek the Shoshone
On State Highway 41 near Diamond O Drive, on the right when traveling south.
By the time the Corps of Discovery passed through here, the "Valley of the Beaverhead" was already common ground for many Indian tribes. The Beaver's Head was a well-known landmark not only to the Shoshone but other Rocky Mountain tribes who passed . . . Map (db m193247) HM
3 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — Mapping the Way
On Clarks Lookout Road west of State Highway 91, on the right when traveling south.
Instruments for ascertaining, by celestial observations, the geography of the country through which you will pass, have been already provided. —President Thomas Jefferson The data collected by Lewis and Clark is a striking indicator . . . Map (db m128183) HM
4 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — Medicine TreeThis is a Sheepeater Shoshoni Medicine Tree
Near South Montana Street near East Glendale Street, on the right when traveling east.
It was acquire many years ago in the mountains southwest of Dillon, MT. The tree could be as much as 500 years old. The Sheepeaters placed a mountain sheep skull in the crotch of a tree, and over a hundred years or more the tree grew around it. . . . Map (db m180689) HM
5 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — Nez Perce Camp
Near Bannack Road.
The Nez Perce camped near here on Horse Prairie Creek, Aug. 12 1877 following the Battle of the Big Hole Aug. 9-10. General Howard was summoned when beating drums arroused [sic] the citizens of Bannack. Women and children were quartered in the Meade . . . Map (db m49537) HM
6 Montana, Beaverhead County, Dillon — Sacajawea
Near State Highway 324 near State Highway 15, on the left when traveling west.
In Commemoration of Sacajawea who guided Lewis and Clark through this the land of her childhood and capture On August 17th, 1805 she rejoined her tribe near this site. The services she rendered the expedition were invaluable. . . . Map (db m124293) HM
7 Montana, Beaverhead County, Wisdom — A Perfect Place to Rest
Near Park Entrance Road near State Highway 43, on the left when traveling east.
Pursued by the U.S. Army since June 1877, approximately 800 Nez Perce (nimi•pu•) men, women, and children traveled over the Bitterroot Mountains and camped here in the Big Hole Valley. Thinking there was no immediate pursuit by the Army, this . . . Map (db m123743) HM
8 Montana, Beaverhead County, Wisdom — Battlefield Landscape
Near Park Entrance Road near State Highway 43, on the left when traveling east.
From this vantage point you can visualize the general progress of the Battle of the Big Hole, but at a distance from the fear and chaos of its hand-to-hand combat. The landscape has changed little since the morning of August 9, 1877. This lush . . . Map (db m123741) HM
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9 Montana, Beaverhead County, Wisdom — Brave Warriors
Near Park Entrance Road near State Highway 43, on the left when traveling north.
To the everlasting Memory of the Brave Warriors of Chief Joseph's Band who fought on these grounds in the Nez Perce War of 1877 In Memory of the Indians, Infants, Children, Women and Old Men who . . . Map (db m123755) HM
10 Montana, Beaverhead County, Wisdom — Natural Travel CorridorOn the Eve of Tragedy — Trail Creek —
On State Highway 43 at Bitterroot-Big Hole Road, on the left when traveling east on State Highway 43.
(Three panels make up this informational marker:) Natural Travel Corridor Clark's 1806 Route Captain Clark and his party found great quantities of camas just beginning to bloom when they passed here on Sunday July 6, 1806. . . . Map (db m123738) HM
11 Montana, Beaverhead County, Wisdom — Siege Site
Near Park Entrance Road near State Highway 43, on the left when traveling east.
In front of you on the morning of August 9, 1877, you would have seen soldiers and Montana volunteers pass by as they began to deploy for the coming attack on the Nez Perce encampment just through the trees. Following the army's surprise attack, . . . Map (db m123745) HM
12 Montana, Big Horn County, Busby — Rosebud Battlefield
On State Highway 314.
"In grateful recognition of the valor and sacrifice of the soldiers killed in action fought on these grounds, between the United States Forces under General George Crook and Sioux and Cheyenne Indians under Chief Crazy Horse. June 17, 1876. 3rd U.S. . . . Map (db m221578) HM WM
13 Montana, Big Horn County, Busby — Two Moons
On U.S. 212, 0.2 miles south of Russell Lane, on the right when traveling south.
. . . Map (db m189213) HM
14 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — 1984 Archeological SurveyLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
On August 10, 1983 a prairie fire swept over the battlefield, burning nearly 600 acres of dense, thick vegetation. In May and June of 1984 the National Park Service began an unprecedented systematic archeological survey of the Custer Battlefield. . . . Map (db m86810) HM
15 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Bear Paw Memorial
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
In memory of enlisted men 2nd and 7th U. S. Cavalry and 5th U. S, Infantry killed in action near Bear Paw, Montana September 30, 1877 < Left Side of Monument : > 7th U. S. Cavalry Troop A 1st Serg’t Geo. McDermott Serg’t Otto Derglew . . . Map (db m86873) HM
16 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Bear Paw Monument1881
Near Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
This monument was originally erected at Ft. Keogh in 1881 to honor U.S. Army casualties from the 1877 Nez Perce War. PLEASE NOTE: “Hostile Indians” is in historical context with a term used for Native American enemies of the United . . . Map (db m86865) HM
17 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Calhoun Hill(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
This position was held by Co. L commanded by Lt. James Calhoun. It may have been used to hold off Chief Gall and his Sioux warriors and thus protect Custer's advance. From here these soldiers could have attracted Capt. Benteen's column and the pack . . . Map (db m21643) HM
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18 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Calhoun HillLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
After separate skirmishing, Custer’s command reunites here. Company L, under Lt. James Calhoun, skirmishes with Gall, Crow King, Two Moons, and other warriors. From here these soldiers could have attracted Capt. Benteen’s column and the pack . . . Map (db m86838) HM
19 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Cheyenne Warrior MarkersLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
After the battle, Sioux and Cheyenne removed their dead and buried them in tipis, scaffolds, and adjacent hillsides in the Little Bighorn valley. Southern Cheyenne Chief “Ve’ho’enohnenehe” (Lame White Man) and Northern Cheyenne . . . Map (db m86860) HM
20 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Chief Plenty CoupsLast Chief of the Crows — 1848 - 1932 —
On U.S. 212 at Frontage Road, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 212.
      Plagued with the loss of the great buffalo herds, the confinement to reservations, disease, famine, and poverty, Chief Plenty Coups led the Crow people through a painful transition.       Gifted with vision, the power of impressive speech, . . . Map (db m85999) HM
21 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Companies C & E(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
The white markers on the knolls and in the ravines to the west and southwest show were the troopers of Co, C under Capt. Tom Custer and Co. E under Lt. Smith were found. The Indian encampment lay beyond on the flat across the river.Map (db m21645) HM
22 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Companies F and I(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
Companies F and I were found on the northeast slope of this ridge. Capt. Keogh was to the right with Co. I.Map (db m21644) HM
23 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Custer Last Seen(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
Gen. Custer and Lt. Cooke were last seen on this point by Maj. Reno's troops who were fighting in the valley.Map (db m21638) HM
24 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Custer’s AdvanceLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
From the Crow’s Nest, a vantage point 14 miles away in the Wolf Mountains, Custer’s Crow and Arikara scouts saw evidence of the massive Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho encampment. Convinced that he was discovered, Custer abandoned plans for a . . . Map (db m86817) HM
25 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Deep CouleeLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
After the brief encounter near the river, Custer’s two companies retreat up the ravine to your right known as Deep Coulee. The remainder of Custer’s command skirmishes with warriors on the high ridge ½ mile to your right. Seizing the . . . Map (db m86831) HM
26 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Deep RavineLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
Custer’s command deploys in the current national cemetery area and advances into the basin across the road to your left before withdrawing to Last Stand Hill. Toward the conclusion of the battle, soldiers from Company E moved toward the Deep . . . Map (db m86839) HM
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27 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Greasy Grass RidgeLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
Warriors ascend the large ravine behind you pursuing Custer’s troops. Soldiers retreat through the area to your front and right. Indians position themselves along the ridge to your left knows as Greasy Grass Ridge. Archeologists discovered numerous . . . Map (db m86834) HM
28 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Indian EncampmentLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
On June 25, 1876, approximately 7,000 Lakota, Cheyenne, and Arapaho, including 1,500 – 2,000 warriors, encamped below on the Greasy Grass River (Little Bighorn). Under the political and spiritual leadership of Tatanka-Iyotanka (Sitting Bull), . . . Map (db m86814) HM
29 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Indian MemorialLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
An Indian memorial to honor Native American participation in the Battle of the Little Bighorn, June 25-26, 1876, and change the name of Custer Battlefield National Monument to Little Bighorn National Monument, was authorized by Congress in 1991 . . . Map (db m86804) HM
30 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Keogh – Crazy Horse FightLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
The Indian charge shatters the Calhoun defense and crashes through the soldier position at right, held by Capt. Myles Keogh’s Company I, Crazy Horse and White Bull cut down the retreating soldiers who flee northwest along this ridge in an effort to . . . Map (db m86811) HM
31 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Lame White Man ChargeLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
This knoll was contested by Indians and soldiers. Some evidence indicates soldiers of Company C occupied this position since bodies of Sergeants Finckle and Finley were found here. Indian testimony suggests that Southern Cheyenne war leader Lame . . . Map (db m86836) HM
32 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Little Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, in the median.
This area was occupied by troops A, B, D, G, H, K, and M, 7th. U.S. Cavalry, and the pack train when they were besieged by the Sioux Indians June 25th and 26th 1876.Map (db m21636) HM
33 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument
Near Interstate 90 at milepost 510 near U.S. 212.
(Bottom of Marker): In memory of Officers and soldiers who fell near this place fighting with the 7th United States Cavalry against the Sioux Indians on the 25th and 26th of June, A.D. 1876 (The rest of the marker includes . . . Map (db m7022) HM
34 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Little Bighorn Indian Memorial
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the left when traveling north.
Arikara “I shall not see you (sun) go down behind the mountains tonight . . .I am going home today, not the way we came, but in spirit, home to my people.”- Bloody Knife, Arikara (June 25, 1876) “These Old Scouts, . . . Map (db m87723) HM
35 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Medicine Tail CouleeLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
After leaving Cedar Coulee, Custer descends toward the Little Bighorn River in the ravine ahead known as Medicine Tail Coulee. Custer probably again divides his command: three companies likely ascend to the higher ridges beyond. Two companies . . . Map (db m86824) HM
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36 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Medicine Tail Coulee Ford(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
Chief Gall and his Sioux warriors forded the river here to attack Custer's troops on the high ground to the northeast.Map (db m21642) HM
37 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Medicine Tail FordLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
As soldiers descend Medicine Tail Coulee, the Minniconjou and Cheyenne camps were on the western bank. Archeological evidence supports Indian testimony, that initial fighting took place on the flats near the river to your left and cutbank directly . . . Map (db m86827) HM
38 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Memorial MarkersLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the left when traveling north.
Following the battle, the Lakota and Cheyenne removed their dead and buried them in lodges, scaffolds, and the hillsides. Surviving members of the 7th Cavalry hastily buried the soldiers, Indian Scouts, and civilians on June 28, 1876. In 1877, . . . Map (db m86844) HM
39 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Peace Through UnityLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
Indian descendants of participants in the Battle of the Little Bighorn helped form the vision of the Indian Memorial. The “Peace Through Unity” theme was conceived by the late Enos Poor Bear, Sr. and Austin Two Moons. Together, they . . . Map (db m86806) HM
40 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Reno’s RetreatLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
Under mounting pressure, Reno abandons the timber. His retreat disintegrates into a rout as pursuing warriors ride in amongst the troopers killing more than 30 soldiers. Indian casualties are few. Lakota and Cheyennes drive the cavalry across the . . . Map (db m86821) HM
41 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Reno’s Valley FightLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling south.
After fording the Little Bighorn River one mile to your left, Reno’s battalion gallops down the valley below. Convinced he is vastly outnumbered, Reno dismounts, and forms a skirmish line across the valley floor, firing into the lodges. Warriors . . . Map (db m86819) HM
42 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Weir PointLittle Bighorn Battlefield
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road, on the right when traveling north.
In an attempt to locate Custer, Company D under Captain Thomas Weir advances to this hilltop position without orders late on June 25. Weir may have witnessed the conclusion of the battle three miles ahead. He is later joined by Captain Benteen and . . . Map (db m86823) HM
43 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Weir Point Fight(Little Bighorn Battlefield)
On Little Bighorn Battlefield Road.
This is the farthest point reached by Capt. Weir in his attempt to assist Custer. Minutes after arriving, his company was joined by Capt. Benteen's company and others. They remained about 45 minutes until mounting warrior pressure forced them back . . . Map (db m21640) HM
44 Montana, Big Horn County, Crow Agency — Wooden Leg HillJune 25, 1876
Near U.S. 212, 1 mile east of Interstate 90.
The hill in front of you was occupied by Lakota, and Cheyenne during the fight on Last Stand Hill. An unknown Sioux warrior wearing a warbonnet was killed here while firing his rifle at soldiers positioned behind a horse barricade on the crest of . . . Map (db m45593) HM
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45 Montana, Big Horn County, Garryowen — Garryowen, Montana - Sitting Bull’s Camp
On Frontage Road (Interstate 90 at milepost 514), on the left when traveling south.
Where the Battle of Little Big Horn Began June 25, 1876 (map of battlefield) (showing Custer’s column, Reno’s column, Indian camp, Last Stand Hill) Custer Battlefield MuseumMap (db m98277) HM WM
46 Montana, Big Horn County, Huntley — Buffalo CountryThe Eastern Plains of Montana
On Interstate 90 at milepost 478.
The great plains of eastern Montana was home to thousands of buffalo before Euro-American hunters nearly wiped them out in the early 1800’s. The animals were central to the Indian lifeway. In the dog days, hunters herded buffalo into corrals . . . Map (db m99063) HM
47 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — ćáynim?a•lika?speBear Paw Battlefield Trail
On Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road, on the left when traveling south.
For the exhausted Nez Perce, this site, known to them as ćáynim?a•lika?spe (Place of Manure Fire), appeared to be a good place to rest before continuing to Canada. Then a large force of U.S. soldiers surprised them from the east. After . . . Map (db m142832) HM
48 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — We will stand our ground!Roaring Eagle: tipiyeléhne?iléseniń (George Comedown)
Near Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road.
Striking on the run, the U.S. Army planned to surprise and overwhelm the Nez Perce camp. Along this ridge Nez Perce warriors fought back fiercely and stopped the cavalry charge. The surprise attack was blunted, but the Nez Perce were pinned down, . . . Map (db m142866) HM
49 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — Bear Paw BattlefieldC'Aynnim 'Alikinwaaspa
On Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road, on the left when traveling south.
C'Aynnim 'Alikinwaaspa is the Nez Perce name for this site. It means "Place of the Manure Fire" because the Nez Perce used buffalo chips as fuel here. On September 29, 1877, about 700 Nez Perce men, women and children camped in the basin . . . Map (db m142830) HM
50 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — Chief Joseph’s SurrenderOctober 5, 1887 11:00 a.m.
Near Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road.
With the fighting at a standoff, Hinmatóowyalahtq̓it (Chief Joseph) met with Colonel Miles near this site. Surrender was a survival strategy, to keep the Nez Perce people alive and together. One witness reported that Chief Joseph spoke . . . Map (db m142869) HM
51 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — Last Battle
On Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road, on the left when traveling south.
These rolling hills and coulees are the site of the last battle of the 1877 Nez Perce War. For the Nez Perce this was the end of a 1,170-mile journey, after many successful skirmishes along the way. Canada was only 40 miles farther, its mountains . . . Map (db m142833) HM
52 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — Nez Perce Encampment
Near Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road.
About noon the families made camp. The scouts killed several buffalo. This place is ćáynim?a•lika?spe (Place of Manure Fire) .... Some warriors were on the buttes watching for enemies. We expected none. -- himi・n maqsmáqs . . . Map (db m142838) HM
53 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — Nez Perce National Historical Park
On Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road, on the left when traveling south.
This park links a series of widely separated sites of deep significance to the Nez Perce – historic villages, battlefields, and legend sites. The park experience involves a journey across both time and territory. Although firmly connected to . . . Map (db m142831) HM
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54 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — No Place to Hide
Near Cleveland Road (County Road 240) near S-B Road.
As cannon scattered shot from bursting shells, people held buffalo hides over themselves. -- wewetatomay, wife of 'álok'at
As the initial attack turned into a six-day siege, the army began bombarding the . . . Map (db m142864) HM
55 Montana, Blaine County, Chinook — The Battle of Bears Paw
On 1st Street (U.S. 2) near Cleveland Road West, on the right when traveling east.
This battle was fought September 30 to October 5, 1877, on Snake Creek, about 20 miles south of here near the Bears Paw Mountains, where after five days days' siege Chief Joseph, one of five remaining Nez Perce leaders, surrendered to Col. Nelson A. . . . Map (db m142800) HM
56 Montana, Blaine County, Fort Belknap Indian Community — Fort Belknap Reservation
Near Main Street near Assiniboine Avenue.
Fort Belknap Reservation was established in 1888 when Gros Ventres, Blackfeet, and River Crows ceded to the government 17,500,000 acres of their joint reservation that had covered all of northern Montana east of the Rocky Mountains. Home for the . . . Map (db m142915) HM
57 Montana, Blaine County, Fort Belknap Indian Community — The Vision Quest
On Agency Main Street at Agency Main Street, on the left when traveling west on Agency Main Street.
High points such as mountaintops and tabletop buttes are considered powerful and sacred areas by many Indian peoples. Snake Butte is one such location, often used as a place for the spiritual rite of vision questing. The individual vision quest is . . . Map (db m205818) HM
58 Montana, Carbon County, Bridger — Jim Bridger, Mountain Man
On U.S. 310.
Jim Bridger arrived in Montana in 1822 as a member of a Rocky Mountain Fur Co. brigade. For years he had no more permanent home than a poker chip. He roamed the entire Rocky Mountain region and often came through this part of the country. A keen . . . Map (db m96630) HM
59 Montana, Carbon County, Red Lodge — Plenty Coups - Chief Of The Crows(Circa 1848 - March 4, 1932)
On Broadway Avenue North near 3rd Street East, on the left when traveling north.
"The buffalo gone and freedom denied him, the Indian was visited by two equally hideous strangers, famine and tuberculosis. The could cope with neither. His pride broken he felt himself and outcast, a beggar in his own country. It was now that . . . Map (db m190094) HM WM
60 Montana, Carbon County, Red Lodge — The Red Lodge Country
On South Broadway Avenue (U.S. 212) at South Hauser Avenue, on the right when traveling east on South Broadway Avenue.
According to tradition, a band of Crow Indians left the main tribe and moved west into the foothills of the Beartooth Range many years ago. They painted their council tepee with red-clay and this old-time artistry resulted in the name Red Lodge. . . . Map (db m45247) HM
61 Montana, Carter County, Ekalaka — A Fantastically Beautiful Place: The Medicine Rocks
On Park Entrance Road near State Highway 7, on the right when traveling east.
Medicine Rocks State Park was once a sea of sand dunes. About 61 million years ago during the Tertiary Era, a large freshwater river deposited fine-grained sands along its shores. From there, coastal winds blew the sand into dunes that eventually . . . Map (db m164323) HM
62 Montana, Carter County, Ekalaka — Inyan-oka-la-ka
Near Park Entrance Road.
The Sioux aptly named Medicine Rocks Inyan-oka-la-ka, or "Rock with a Hole in It." Evidence suggests the ancestors of modern-day American Indians lived and hunted in southeastern Montana beginning at the end of the last ice age, or about . . . Map (db m164326) HM
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63 Montana, Cascade County, Cascade — From Indian Trail to Highways
Near Old U.S. Highway 91 near Hardy Creek Lane, on the left when traveling north.
Lewis noted "an Indian road enters the mountain at the same place with the river... and continues along it's border under the steep cliff." The Indian road Lewis mentioned follows the Hardy Creek drainage to the north. It was an . . . Map (db m245895) HM
64 Montana, Cascade County, Fort Shaw — Fort Shaw
On State Highway 200, 0.2 miles west of Dr Russell Road, on the right when traveling west.
Barring fur trading posts, the first important white settlements in Montana were the mining camps in the western mountains. Everything to the east belonged to the plains Indians and was buffalo range. To protect the miners and settlers from . . . Map (db m101871) HM
65 Montana, Cascade County, Fort Shaw — Fort Shaw Government Industrial Indian School
On School Loop near Old Fort Shaw Road, on the right when traveling north.
"Come bring your lunch basket and you friends and have a good time," urged Montana newspapers in June 1897. The Fort Shaw Indian School's year-end exercises would begin at 1:00 p.m. with a band concert, followed by field games, recitations, and . . . Map (db m144021) HM
66 Montana, Cascade County, Fort Shaw — Undisputed Champions
On School Loop near Old Fort Shaw Road, on the right when traveling north.
Fred C. Campbell became superintendent of the Fort Shaw Indian School in 1898. He was a progressive teacher and administrator skilled in public relations; and he quickly recognized the ability of the young women's basketball team. By 1902 he was . . . Map (db m143987) HM
67 Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls — One of Many FirstsLewis and Clark Nature Trail
Near Giant Springs Road near River Drive North.
The narrowleaf cottonwood, a tree "with a leaf like that of the wild cherry" was first described for modern science by Lewis on June 12, 1805. Other expedition first near Great Falls include documenting the cutthroat trout, thirteen-lined . . . Map (db m143875) HM
68 Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls — Sacajawea Island
On River Drive North near 6th Street North, on the right when traveling west.
On July 3, 1984 this island was named in honor of Sacajawea, the Shoshoni Indian girl who accompanied the Lewis and Clark expedition from the Mandan villages to the Pacific Coast. Sacajawea was born about 1788 in southwest Montana, At 12 years . . . Map (db m143877) HM
69 Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls — The Portage Around the Falls
Near Overlook Drive south of 10th Avenue South (Business Interstate 15), on the right when traveling west.
”…the men has to haul with all their Strength Wate & art, catching grass & knobes and Stones with their hands to give them more force in drawing on the Canoes & Loads, at every halt, those not employed in repairing the Course, are asleep . . . Map (db m126558) HM
70 Montana, Cascade County, Great Falls — These Springs Have Witnessed...
Near Giant Springs Road, 1.3 miles north of River Drive North, on the left when traveling north.
Native American tribes followed the buffalo through this area and camped at Giant Springs. The temperature of the spring water stays a consistent 54 degrees all year long, making this a good site for winter camps. Lewis and Clark Corps of . . . Map (db m127799) HM
71 Montana, Cascade County, Sun River — Sun River Crossing
On State Highway 200 at Choteau Street, on the right when traveling west on State Highway 200.
When John Mullan built a wagon road across western Montana in 1860, he utilized a ford across the Sun River just a few yards west of here that had been used by the Indians for generations. In 1862, the crossing was the site of a government . . . Map (db m101870) HM
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72 Montana, Chouteau County, Big Sandy — Cow Island Trail
On Broadway (U.S. 87) at McNamara Avenue, on the left when traveling north on Broadway.
Freight was unloaded at Cow Island when water dropped so low that steamboats could not travers the upper river to Fort Benton. For 130 miles the Cow Island Trail wound along the southern foothills of the Bear's Paw to the junction at Big Sandy then . . . Map (db m142562) HM
73 Montana, Chouteau County, Big Sandy — Tale of Two TreatiesCultures Clash, Relationships Change
Near Judith Landing Road (State Highway 236).
Gaze out over the lands around you and imagine them filled with 2,000 tidies and 15,000 Indians-it has happened at least twice. Here, enormous gatherings were called to negotiate treaties that transformed relations between Indian tribes and opened . . . Map (db m161905) HM
74 Montana, Chouteau County, Fort Benton — Cow Island Incident
Near 8th Street near River Street.
On September 21, 1877, Fort Benton commander Major Guido Ilges got word that the Nimíipuu (Nez Perce) had traveled across the Judith Basin headed for Canada. Thirteen members of Company F, Seventh Infantry Regiment and to civilians volunteers . . . Map (db m161479) HM
75 Montana, Chouteau County, Fort Benton — Nez Perce War
On Front Street near 18th Street, on the right when traveling east.
In September 1877 the Nez Perce traveled across the Judith Basin headed for Canada. In anticipation of trouble, Major Ilges (commandant at Fort Benton) organized a party of fifty volunteers, mostly Fort Benton's Irish Fenians. They loaded the . . . Map (db m142215) HM
76 Montana, Chouteau County, Fort Benton — The Little Shell ChippewaTribe in Search of Recognition
Near 7th Street West near River Street.
You stand now on the ancestral homeland of nomadic native tribes whose territories overlapped in the Missouri River area-all of them drawn by the rich diversity of life sustained by the river itself. Blackfeet, Gros Ventre, Sioux and Assiniboine all . . . Map (db m161481) HM
77 Montana, Custer County, Miles City — Photography1900 - 1920
On Main Street near South 5th Street, on the right when traveling east.
In 1889 Evelyn Cameron (1886-1928) and husband, Ewen came from England and a privileged life to settle on various ranches near Terry, Montana. Evelyn documented life in eastern Montana both in her diaries and in her photographs. She . . . Map (db m163969) HM
78 Montana, Custer County, Miles City — Powder River
On U.S. 12, 24 miles east of U.S. I-94, on the left when traveling east.
This is the river that exuberant parties claim is a mile wide, an inch deep, and runs up hill. The statement is exaggerated. Captain Clark, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, named it the Redstone in 1806 and afterwards found out that the Indians . . . Map (db m155578) HM
79 Montana, Custer County, Miles City — The Horse Nation and Native People
On Main Street near South 5th Street, on the right when traveling east.
The modern day horse found its way to the Americas on Spanish ships around 1680, landing on Mexican shores. Some horses escaped the Conquistadors, and Native Americans quickly discovered the utility of the horse. The Plains Indians became experts at . . . Map (db m163882) HM
80 Montana, Daniels County, Scobey — Wood Mountain Trail
On Main Street (State Highway 13) 3.9 miles south of 1st Avenue (State Highway 5), on the right when traveling south.
This ancient trail extended from the Yellowstone River past this point to the Wood Mountains in southwestern Saskatchewan. It was used for generations by the Sioux and Assiniboine Indians in pursuit of buffalo and for trade with the Canadian tribes . . . Map (db m202831) HM
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81 Montana, Dawson County, Glendive — Clark's Footprints To Eastern Montana's FutureClark on the Yellowstone
On Montana Avenue just north of State Street, on the left when traveling north.
"On our return we shal probably pass down the yellow stone river, which from Indian informations, waters one of the fairest portions of this continent." — Captain Meriwether Lewis, letter to President Thomas Jefferson, dated April . . . Map (db m202998) HM
82 Montana, Dawson County, Glendive — Evidence Of The ExpeditionClark on the Yellowstone
On Montana Avenue just north of State Street, on the left when traveling north.
Horses, Canoes and Bull Boats Clark and his party traveled by horse along the north side of the Yellowstone River until July 24, when nine members began a float in two lashed-together canoes built from cottonwoods they found along the river. . . . Map (db m202999) HM
83 Montana, Dawson County, Glendive — Glendive
On Crisafulli Drive near West Towne Street (Business Highway 94), on the left when traveling west.
A yachting party consisting of Capt. Wm. Clark, of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, six of his men, Sacajawea and her child flood by here August 1, 1806, navigating a craft made by lashing together two hollowed-out cottonwood logs. It was Clark's . . . Map (db m163815) HM
84 Montana, Dawson County, Glendive — Returning To The PlainsClark on the Yellowstone
On Montana Avenue just north of State Street, on the left when traveling north.
July 28, 1806 "Set out this morning at day light and proceeded on glideing down this Smooth Stream passing maney Isld...." July 29, 1806 "in the fore part of the day, I saw great numbers of Buffalow on the banks, … great . . . Map (db m203054) HM
85 Montana, Fergus County, Lewistown — Abraham and Mary Walton Hogeland House
On West Montana Street near 7th Avenue North, on the left when traveling east.
In the 1870s, ranchers and prospectors looking for gold in the Judith Mountains clamored for military protection as they settled a region recently controlled by the Blackfeet. In response, the federal government constructed Fort Maginnis in 1880. . . . Map (db m143506) HM
86 Montana, Fergus County, Lewistown — Courthouse Historic District
On West Main Street (U.S. 87) near 7th Avenue North, on the right when traveling west.
In 1879, Metis—people of French and Chippewa-Cree descent—homesteaded in this area, near the army’s Camp Lewis. Many street names memorialize these settlers, who included Francis A. Janeaux and Paul Morase. But open range cattle . . . Map (db m143419) HM
87 Montana, Fergus County, Lewistown — Fort Maginnis
On U.S. 87.
Fort Maginnis, the last army post created in Montana, was built about 8 miles north of here in 1880. This country was great buffalo range before that time, but cattlemen were bringing in stock from the western valleys and the Texas longhorns were . . . Map (db m92697) HM
88 Montana, Fergus County, Lewistown — Saint Leo's Catholic ChurchLewistown Central Business Historic District
On West Broadway Street at 2nd Avenue North, on the right when traveling west on West Broadway Street.
Lewistown’s first Catholic church was a small frame structure built in 1888. Visiting priests from distant St. Peter’s Mission, Great Falls, and Fort Benton celebrated mass for the French-Canadian, Indian, and settler congregations. The first . . . Map (db m143456) HM
89 Montana, Fergus County, Lewistown — The Nez Perce Conflict of 1877Trading Post at Lewistown — The Exile —
On U.S. 87 near H Street, on the left when traveling west.
Three panels make up this marker. (panel 1:) For thousands of years the fertile Wallowa Valley was home to many Nimiipuu, or Nez Perce people. A treaty in 1855 affirmed Nez Perce ownership of this homeland. Competition for . . . Map (db m143628) HM
90 Montana, Flathead County, Hungry Horse — Bad Rock Canyon
On U.S. 2, 0.5 miles east of Berne Road, on the right when traveling east.
The Flathead River enters the valley through Bad Rock Canyon. Old-timers aver that a Blackfeet war party from the plains surged over the divide years ago seething with ambition to corral a choice assortment of cayuses and maybe a scalp or two . . . Map (db m102214) HM
91 Montana, Flathead County, Kalispell — Baldwin HouseEast Side Historic District
On 3rd Avenue East at 5th Avenue East, on the left when traveling south on 3rd Avenue East.
Marcus D. Baldwin came to Montana from Ohio in 1885, appointed by President Cleveland as superintendent to the Blackfoot, Blood, and Piegan bands of the Blackfeet tribe in northwestern Montana. Baldwin brought his wife, Sarah, and their two small . . . Map (db m160426) HM
92 Montana, Flathead County, Somers — Howse House
On U.S. 93, 0.2 miles south of Forest Hill Road (State Highway 82), on the right when traveling north.
Hudson Bay Company (HBC) agent Joseph Howse built a trading post just north of here in 1810, the first European settlement in the valley north of Flathead Lake. Described as “adventurous, tough, and intelligent,” Howse joined the . . . Map (db m127682) HM
93 Montana, Gallatin County, Bozeman — Bozeman Pass
On Interstate 90 at milepost 318, on the right when traveling west.
Sacajawea, the Shoshone woman who guided portions of the Lewis and Clark Expedition led Captain Wm. Clark and his party of ten men over an old buffalo road through this pass on July 15, 1806. They were eastward bound and planned to explore the . . . Map (db m162423) HM
94 Montana, Gallatin County, Bozeman — First People in the Gallatin ValleyTo the Headwaters
Near N. 19th Avenue near I-90 eastbound entrance ramp (at milepost 305), 0.1 miles east of N. 19th Ave. and E. Valley Center Rd., on the left when traveling south.
For centuries distant and diverse tribes visited the Gallatin Valley to hunt. They stampeded buffalo over cliffs during the "dog days" before the acquisition of horses and guns. They hunted animals for food, clothing and shelter. They also mined . . . Map (db m29075) HM
95 Montana, Gallatin County, Bozeman — Fort EllisTo the Headwaters
On 19th Avenue near I-90 eastbound entrance ramp (at milepost 305), 0.1 miles east of N. 19th Ave. and E. Valley Center Rd., on the left when traveling south.
Conflicts along the Bozeman Trail between Lakota, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho Indians and settlers escalated with the establishment of forts along the route in 1866. After Indians killed John Bozeman, in the Yellowstone Valley in 1867, the . . . Map (db m29079) HM
96 Montana, Gallatin County, Bozeman — Fur TradeTo the Headwaters
On 19th Avenue near I-90 eastbound entrance ramp (at milepost 305), 0.1 miles east of N. 19th Ave. and E. Valley Center Rd., on the left when traveling south.
An abundance of beaver encouraged Corps of Discovery members John Colter and John Potts to return to the headwaters. In 1808, Blackfeet Indians killed Potts in a confrontation and stripped Colter bare, giving him a chance to run for his life. In one . . . Map (db m29077) HM
97 Montana, Gallatin County, Three Forks — Colter’s Run
On Trident Road (State Highway 296), on the right when traveling north.
One of Montana’s most amazing historical events occurred near here in 1809. In September of that year, John Colter and John Potts, former Lewis and Clark Expedition members, were trapping beaver on the Jefferson River near the headwaters when a . . . Map (db m98317) HM
98 Montana, Gallatin County, Three Forks — Colter’s RunThe Second Marker — The Headwaters of the Missouri 1808 —
On North Main Street (State Highway 2) at Cottonwood Street, on the right when traveling south on North Main Street.
The Headwaters Region was the setting for the legend of Colter’s Run 1808 In the fall of 1808 John Colter and John Potts, both former members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, were trapping on the Jefferson River. Angered by previous . . . Map (db m98438) HM
99 Montana, Gallatin County, Three Forks — Colter's Run 1808
On North Main Street (State Highway 2) at Cottonwood, on the left when traveling north on North Main Street.
The Headwater's Region was the setting for the legend of ... Colter's Run 1808 In the fall of 1808 John Colter and John Potts, both former members of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, were trapping up the Jefferson River. Angered . . . Map (db m192790) HM
100 Montana, Gallatin County, Three Forks — In Patriotic Memory of SacajaweaIn Patriotic Memory of
On North Main Street (State Highway 2) at West Ash Street, in the median on North Main Street.
In Patriotic Memory of Sacajawea an Indian woman whose heroic courage steadfast devotion and splendid loyalty in acting as guide across the Rocky Mountains made it possible for the Lewis and Clark Expedition 1804 - . . . Map (db m98495) HM

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Jun. 15, 2024