From 1817 to 1818 U.S. armed forces led by General Andrew Jackson invaded Spanish Florida and fought the Seminole Tribe in what became known as the First Seminole War. As a result, Spain ceded Florida to the United States in 1819 as part of the . . . — — Map (db m229719) HM
As part of the Adams-Onis Treaty of 1818, Spain ceded both East and West Florida to the United States. On July 10, 1821, the 23-star flag of the United States replaced the Spanish flag above the Castillo de San Marcos and, during the Territorial . . . — — Map (db m229723) HM
In 1823, two years after Florida was acquired by the United States, leaders of the Seminole and Miccosukee Tribes met with government officials on the banks of the creek near this site to settle conflicting claims to Florida lands. After twelve . . . — — Map (db m155049) HM
An original Minorcan home constructed of coquina stone and owned by members of the Triay family until 1885. Restored in 1951 by the St. Augustine Historical Society. Acquired by Robert Gudrun Hall in 1963, and placed in 1986 on the National Register . . . — — Map (db m93366) HM
Trinity Episcopal Church faces the Plaza opposite the Cathedral Basilica. It is built on the site of the 1735 Spanish Bishop's House and the 1774 British Statehouse, and it might have some of their foundation stones in its walls. It is the oldest . . . — — Map (db m111101) HM
The Church of England was established in Florida during the British occupation (1763-1783). The Reverend John Forbes held services first in the Spanish Bishop's House then on this site. Later, the ancient Spanish church a short distance south on St. . . . — — Map (db m46850) HM
Henry L. Twine (1923-1994) and his wife Katherine “Kat” Twine (1925-2002) were longtime Lincolnville residents and prominent community leaders for who this neighborhood park was named. They were both active in the civil rights movement . . . — — Map (db m77261) HM
This structure is a hot shot furnace for heating cannon balls to be shot at wooden vessels and to set them on fire. It is part of the water battery built by the U.S. (1842-44) when this side of the moat was filled in and guns were mounted on the . . . — — Map (db m127657) HM
Launched in 1797 and named by President George Washington, she is the oldest commissioned naval vessel afloat in the world. These two non-firing cannons were part of the armament on board the U.S.S. Constitution — also known as "Old Ironsides" . . . — — Map (db m188790) HM
Under Continuous Attack (English)
Castillo de San Marcos has been under attack since construction began in 1672. Enemy gunfire assaulted these walls with little damage. The unrelenting onslaught of time and weather, however, are taking a . . . — — Map (db m127295) HM
At the turn of the century, St. Augustine's cigar industry was flourishing. Balmy nights and a good cigar were a tradition.
Just after World War I, the cigar industry flourished in St. Augustine. It was second only to the Florida East Coast . . . — — Map (db m134496) HM
Upham Winter Cottage 268 Saint George Street 1893 is listed in the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior — — Map (db m144124) HM
For those who have fought for it,
Freedom has a flavor
the protected will never know
Dedicated to all of the
United States Armed Forces
November 11, 2009 — — Map (db m104859) WM
Signals were exchanged between this tower and a similar one across Matanzas Bay, on the ocean shore near the present lighthouse. — — Map (db m46450) HM
Formerly at this site stood the Vilano Beach Casino, constructed in 1926-27. Casinos of the early 1900s were a source of social entertainment. Gambling was not provided. Big name bands from New York, vaudeville acts, theme parties and dances were . . . — — Map (db m125688) HM
Bostonian Franklin W. Smith designed and built the Villa as his winter residence. It is important for its distinct architectural design and construction method in addition to its role in the early tourism industry in St. Augustine. The novel . . . — — Map (db m112510) HM
The Villa Zorayda was constructed in 1883 as the winter home of Franklin Smith, a Boston millionaire who was so impressed by the magnificence of the Alhambra Palace which he saw during a visit to Granada, Spain, that he decided to build his house as . . . — — Map (db m102737) HM
Home of Bartolome Villalonga (1789-1825), son of Juan Villalonga of Minorca, and husband of Maria Acosta, of Corsican Greek parentage, erected between 1815 and 1820. — — Map (db m102378) HM
José Martí, a leading advocate for Cuban independence from Spain, visited St. Augustine in 1892. Martí came to collect support, supplies, and weapons for the Cuban Revolution. He met with St. Augustine's Cuban population, many of them cigar workers. . . . — — Map (db m134495) HM
In 1768, Scottish physician, Dr. Andrew Turnbull, received a large land grant 70 miles south of St. Augustine. Turnbull recruited 1,403 villagers from the Mediterranean and Baltic Islands of Minorca, Greece, Turkey and Corsica as indentured . . . — — Map (db m134498) HM
English:
Wall of Defense
The log wall at your right is a replica of the Cubo Line. The earth-and-palm-log embankment extended from the Castillo to the San Sebastian River a half-mile behind you. Two defensive walls . . . — — Map (db m128188) HM
The Warden Winter Home was built in 1887 for William G. Warden of Philadelphia. A partner with Henry Flagler and John D. Rockefeller in the Standard Oil Company, Warden was also the President of the St. Augustine Gas and Electric Light Company and . . . — — Map (db m46681) HM
Water wheels were common sources of energy in America throughout the 1800s and into the early 1900s.
A Water Wheel is a machine that converts the energy of free-flowing water into useful forms of power, often in a watermill. It . . . — — Map (db m143892) HM
St. Augustine's first water pumping station was completed in 1898 and supplied the town with water from an artesian well. An adjacent fountain first aerated the water in a park-like setting before it was pumped into the building and then piped . . . — — Map (db m229579) HM
Weapons of War (English)
Touring the fort, you will see three types of artillery: mortars, howitzers, and cannons. Attackers as well as defenders had access to many types of weaponry. Each one had its own strengths and weaknesses. A . . . — — Map (db m127751) HM
Weapons of War (English)
Touring the fort, you will see three types of artillery: mortars, howitzers, and cannons. Attackers as well as defenders had access to many types of weaponry. Each one had its own strengths and weaknesses. A . . . — — Map (db m193851) HM
The Hiram Faver Trail meanders about 2.5 miles through three plant communities, arriving at the Carter plantation site at Hemming Point overlooking Pellicer Creek. Land in this park was occupied by Native Americans and later by Spanish and British . . . — — Map (db m208057) HM
In 1765, William Bartram, famed Colonial Naturalist visited the Coquina Quarry & recorded the flora & fauna of the area.
Erected by
The Presidents Council of Garden Clubs & St. Johns County Inc. &
Gaillardia, Dianthus, Cherokee, . . . — — Map (db m127360) HM
(Front):In memory of a distinguished American soldier, citizen of St. Augustine, Fla. Born December 4, 1818. Died December 30, 1885. His courage in battle was conspicuous; His devotion to duty unfailing; His ability recognized by three . . . — — Map (db m220164) HM
During World War II, German U-boats patrolled the shipping lanes off the coast of Florida attacking cargo ships carrying vital supplies across the Atlantic. For this reason, the Coast Guard maintained a strong presence at our lighthouse and used . . . — — Map (db m126900) HM WM
Memorial
To Those Who Gave Their Lives
In The Service Of Their Country In
World War II
“St. Johns County, Florida”
“Through 1946”
Army
Adams, Horace H. • Babcock, Elliot C. • . . . — — Map (db m143655) WM
Xavier Lopez, descendant from a pioneer Minorcan family, succeeded as a merchant and public servant. He owned the house, passing it to his daughter upon his death. The house is significant as one of St. Augustine's best examples of Queen Anne . . . — — Map (db m111555) HM
This property is a significant example of Spanish, British and American architectural influences. The one story kitchen building is as old as the original rectangular two story house. An addition to the house, being used then as a boarding house, . . . — — Map (db m108341) HM
Blessed with communal origins, enthused former members of The First Baptist Church in Lincolnville who lived in West Augustine were inspired to establish what is today a unique edifice-built in 1921.
The heritage of the church echoes such . . . — — Map (db m152197) HM
Noted author Zora Neale Hurston (1891-1960) rented a room in this house in 1942. One of the few surviving buildings closely linked with Hurston’s life, it is an example of frame Vernacular construction, with cool, north-facing porches on both . . . — — Map (db m77257) HM
This small brick structure was originally a privy (outhouse), likely built before the house sometime between 1872 and 1875 (there was also one in the south corner).
It was turned into a shed after indoor plumbing and bathrooms were added to the . . . — — Map (db m126898) HM
These bricks are the remains of the south privy (outhouse), built for use primarily by tourists rather than the keepers’ families. At some point during its history this outhouse was converted into a toilet.
The smaller brick square just to the . . . — — Map (db m126954) HM
Just to the east of this well stood the original wooden kitchens, used prior to adding the brick kitchens on either side of the keepers’ house.
The well had a pump handle, like the one you see between the two old kitchens in the picture to . . . — — Map (db m126897) HM
This is one of two brick kitchens added in 1888, replacing former wooden kitchens that were located closer to the lighthouse tower. Before indoor air conditioning and safer cooking techniques, kitchens were detached from houses to protect them from . . . — — Map (db m126957) HM
Wooden Buildings Offered Little Protection
Founded in 1565, St. Augustine suffered Indian attacks, pirate raids, and military invasions. Within the first hundred years, nine wooden forts were burned, destroyed by storms, or had simply rotted . . . — — Map (db m127408) HM
After WWII, the nation's construction boom responded to high demand and Davis Shores. Housing of this period contrasted with Davis' original Mediterranean-inspired vision. Buildings were mostly single-story block houses in either a sprawling Ranch . . . — — Map (db m216755) HM
Until the 1920s the northwest corner of Anastasia Island was a swampy lowland with occasional peaks of high ground. In 1925, wealthy Florida land developer D.P. Davis purchased the lowlands and raised them in a massive 1,500 acre dredge and fill . . . — — Map (db m47390) HM
The St. Augustine Lighthouse began as a Spanish watchtower and is St. Augustine’s oldest brick structure. Rare proof exists of African Americans on site during its construction. The 1876 house includes an uncommon coquina basement that stored . . . — — Map (db m126958) HM
The monumental and graceful lions that guard both sides of the Bridge of Lions are modeled from the historic Medici Lions that once adorned the Villa Medici in Rome and are now displayed in the Loggia dei Lanzi in Florence, Italy. The first pair . . . — — Map (db m220177) HM
A wood frame cottage on this property was relocated to the Florida Agricultural Museum in 2019 after the city of St. Augustine purchased this lot.
Between 1946 and 2017 the property and cottage were owned by the prominent Meldrim family. The . . . — — Map (db m216756) HM
From this site, General James Oglethorpe, commanding military forces from Georgia and Carolina, bombarded Castillo de San Marcos from June 27 to July 20, 1740. The Castillo’s massive coquina walls absorbed the cannon shot and damage was slight. . . . — — Map (db m153588) HM
These ruins are all that remain of what was probably a Spanish barracks which housed the quarry overseer, master masons, and stonecutters who were involved in the construction of the Castillo de San Marcos. The quarry, located directly across the . . . — — Map (db m106439) HM
About 200 yards south-east of this point are the remains of the King's Coquina Quarries. (Coquina, a type of limestone composed of mollusk shells and sand, is found along the north-east coast of Florida.) Coquina was used in the building of many . . . — — Map (db m28361) HM
Sometime before 1586 Spanish settlers constructed a wooden watchtower on Anastasia Island at the entrance to St. Augustine's port. By 1737 the Spanish tower was constructed from coquina that was quarried nearby on the island. A guardhouse and . . . — — Map (db m220179) HM
The creek at the shoreline of this property has a rich history and has long been known to locals as "Quarry Creek." The deep-water channel, named Escolta (Escort or Guard) Creek by the Spanish, was used for landing boats on Anastasia Island from St. . . . — — Map (db m216757) HM
Through his love of baseball and through his love for St. Augustine and its people, Frederick G. (Fred) Francis took baseball out of the sandlots and lifted the St. Augustine Saints to four pennants while he was at the helm.
Fred Francis made it . . . — — Map (db m173972) HM
The dates of this arrival and departure are unknown. What is known is that the Calus (a) Indians were a very warlike tribe that did not want the Spanish in their territory, and so they fought with them and killed many. After two or three months of . . . — — Map (db m188797) HM
Don Pedro Menendez de Aviles was from the northern regions of Spain in a district known for its seafaring traditions and Celtic roots. In 1565, news reached Madrid that a group of French settlers, led by the explorer Jean Ribault, had established a . . . — — Map (db m188798) HM
In 1740, General James Oglethorpe of Georgia, vowed to "take St. Augustine or leave my bones before its walls." The Spanish Governor Manuel de Montiano vowed in turn to "shed his last drop of blood" in defense of the town. Neither had to keep their . . . — — Map (db m46349) HM
This anchor was purchased by Walter B. Fraser and placed here in 1933. The ship's name and site of the anchor's recovery are unknown, but Britain's Royal Navy used this size and type of anchor on their famous 74-gun ships of the line. First designed . . . — — Map (db m188998) HM
English: These cannons were recovered from various locations in Florida and the Caribbean, by wreck salvage operators. Artillery of this era, the 17th and 18th century, are rated by the weight of the projectile cannonball they fire. . . . — — Map (db m188692) HM
Gaar Scott & Company, established in 1895 in Richmond, Indiana, manufactured a long line of tractors, threshing machines, and steam engines from 1842 through 1911, including this 1902 model.
This enormous cast-iron and steel tractor, weighing some . . . — — Map (db m126113) HM
Bernard Street is one of three historically black residential streets in the North City area, dating back to the Flagler Era. At the west end of the street were a lumber yard, steam laundry, and ice plant that provided employment. Other residents . . . — — Map (db m17913) HM
Native Americans, known today as the Timucua, begin to occupy the region that spreads from present-day Central Florida to Southwest Georgia. The Timucua were a loosely knit confederation of tribes that shared a common language, but were not bound . . . — — Map (db m188792) HM
A part of the armament of historic Fort Marion (Castillo de San Marcos) before, during and after the Civil War Presented to the City of St. Augustine by the U.S. War Department June 12, 1900 — — Map (db m46800) HM
Introduction
St. Augustine's colonial downtown district exists as the most enduring location of European origin in the United States, having been settled since 1572. A diverse array of archaeological resources, the result of 400+ years of . . . — — Map (db m102336) HM
Built between 1803 and 1812 by Jorge Acosta (c.1764-1812), a native of Corsica, and husband of Margarita Villalonga, born in St. Augustine of Minorcan parents. — — Map (db m102394) HM
In 2011, archaeologists from the University of Florida made an unexpected discovery at this spot. Coquina and oyster shell foundations, outlining a building of at least 90 by 40 feet, were uncovered just inches under the sod. Artifacts associated . . . — — Map (db m146511) HM
In 1934, laborers at the Fountain of Youth began work to cultivate a citrus grove here on the property. Almost immediately, a shovel thrust unearthed a cluster of human bones. The sheriff was called and it was soon determined that neither the . . . — — Map (db m188866) HM
By the year 1870, a widowed Clarissa Fairbanks Anderson had built on her property, known as “Markland,” a gable-roofed, frame “winter cottage” for guests.
In 1885, her son, Dr. Andrew Anderson, Jr., sold part of the . . . — — Map (db m100592) HM
At this location on June 9th, 1964, Civil Rights Movement Leader Andrew Young led a march from Lincolnville to the Plaza de la Constitución where they met violent opposition. Young had been sent to St. Augustine by the Reverend Martin Luther King, . . . — — Map (db m107336) HM
Archaeologists from Flagler College and the University of Florida, in collaboration with the Diocese of St. Augustine, are excavating the remains of the Shrine built here in 1687 by the Governor of Florida in honor of Nuestra Señora de la Leche y . . . — — Map (db m146512) HM
Archaeological excavations at the Nombre de Dios Mission/Nuestra Señora de La Leche Shrine site have been undertaken by University of Florida archaeologists since 1985. The digs have been carried out in search of the earliest sixteenth century . . . — — Map (db m146513) HM
Spanish Buildings Some of the larger buildings constructed by the Spanish were constructed on mud sleepers — large logs split in half used as the foundation to build up from. This method of construction dates all the way back to . . . — — Map (db m188857) HM
The Arrivas House was built as a one-story, two-room coquina house shortly after 1702 on the ruins of a late 17th century tabby house. This property passed down through four successive generations of mothers to daughters as a marriage dowry. When . . . — — Map (db m237115) HM
If you visited St. Augustine at the turn of the century, you would have traveled to Florida aboard a steamboat on the St. Johns River to Tocoi, 18 miles west of St. Augustine.
At Tocoi, you boarded the St. Johns Railroad for a four hour ride in . . . — — Map (db m134497) HM
The Avero family lived on this property from 1712 until 1804 even before the existing building was constructed, with the exception of the British occupation period during 1763-1783. The restoration was undertaken to approximate the character of the . . . — — Map (db m111092) HM
From this balcony, Their Majesties Juan Carlos I and
Queen Sofia of Spain extended greetings to the
people of St. Augustine. April 1, 2001 — — Map (db m127491) HM
British hygiene practices were similar to the Spanish, and often included outdoor privies (outhouses).
Las costumebres higiénicas de los ingleses eran similares a las de los españoles, y a menudo incluían letrinas ubicadas funeral de las casas. . . . — — Map (db m188386) HM
During the American Revolution, St. Augustine was a base for British military activity in the South. The English added second floors in this and other rooms to make more space for storage and quarters. — — Map (db m46536) HM
Although the Castillo's high walls and moat were a substantial obstacle to anyone trying to capture the fort, the cannon here on the gundeck (or terreplein) were the were the real strength of the fort. With a range of over a mile, the cannon could . . . — — Map (db m46346) HM
Built 1749 - Restored 1979This shrine is dedicated to the memory of the 400 Greeks who arrived in St. Augustine in 1768, took on fresh supplies, then journeyed south to help settle the colony of New Smyrna, Florida. After ten difficult years, the . . . — — Map (db m46789) HM
Built ca. 1740 Reconstructed 1967
A house representative of the first Spanish period with minor British modifications. The reconstruction of this residence was made possible from contributions of
A.D. Davis and J.E. Davis
Winn Dixie . . . — — Map (db m107554) HM
Castillo de San Marcos (English)
Explore the oldest masonry fort in the continental United States. For hundreds of years Castillo de San Marcos has watched over St. Augustine. From the upper gun deck, see how this massive fort guarded . . . — — Map (db m127753) HM
This Spanish fort, begun in 1672, stood
firm against English attacks and helped
Spain to hold Florida for many years.
During the American Revolution it was a
British stronghold. Later it became a
U.S. Military Prison. — — Map (db m127652) HM
This Spanish fort, begun in 1672, stood firm against English attacks and helped Spain to hold Florida for many years. During the American Revolution, it was a British stronghold. Later it became a battery in the U.S. coastal defense system. — — Map (db m127654) HM
The Cathedral Basilica is a significant structure representing the oldest Roman Catholic parish in the United States, architectural designs by Mariano de la Rocque (1797) and James Renwick (following an 1887 fire), and the successes of historic . . . — — Map (db m112492) HM
The parish of St. Augustine. which dates from the celebration of a mass on September 8, 1565, by the Spaniard Pedro Menendez and his men, is the oldest Catholic parish within the present day United States. During Queen Anne's War, the English . . . — — Map (db m220570) HM
Following the Civil War and the reconstruction period the state of Florida found itself in debt. As a way to offset some of the state’s expenditures, newly elected governor George Drew put into practice the convict leasing system in 1877. Prisoners . . . — — Map (db m79584) HM
In time of danger, the chapel was a spiritual haven for both soldiers and townspeople. Before the altar, the priest offered mass. The walls were white, with a red band at floor level. The holy water fonts are still in place. — — Map (db m46538) HM
Saturiwa was chief of the Saturiwa tribe, a Timucua chiefdom centered at the mouth of the St. Johns River in Florida, during the 16th century. His main village, also known as Saturiwa, was located on the south bank of the river near its mouth, and . . . — — Map (db m188997) HM
This anchor is typical of early marine ship navigation, and weighs approximately one ton. A stock of oak would have been placed near the ring in the opposite direction of the flukes (also called hooks) to more easily secure them to the ocean floor. . . . — — Map (db m188999) HM
:
On March 19, 1812, the Spanish Parliament in Cadiz wrote the first Spanish Constitution and issued a Royal Decree for all Spanish towns throughout the empire to build monuments and rename their main plazas La Plaza de la Constitucion in . . . — — Map (db m143638) HM
You are Standing in the First Colony of St. Augustine On September 8th, 1565, Pedro Menéndez de Aviles came ashore here. At that time, this field was part of the Timucua town of Seloy — an easily defensible peninsula that would serve as the . . . — — Map (db m188860) HM
200 Million Years in the Making Coontie is a low and palm-like or fern-like plant that grows throughout Florida and the Caribbean. Coontie is a member of the Phylum cycadacaea. At roughly 200 million years old, this is one of the . . . — — Map (db m189123) HM
Copper cauldrons such as this had a wide variety of uses in Spain's New World Colonies. The rounded bottom indicates that this cauldron may have been used at a shore station in the making of whale oil, as most cauldrons on-board ships had flat . . . — — Map (db m188862) HM
Coquina in these Walls (English)
Special to the architecture of Government House and St. Augustine's defenses, churches, and residences is coquina, a rare native shell stone formed over a long period of geological time and quarried since . . . — — Map (db m127486) HM
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