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Forts and Castles Topic

 
By Bill Kirchner, December 27, 2016
Quartermaster Depot and Post Trader Marker
201 Arizona, Pima County, Tucson, Old Fort Lowell — Quartermaster Depot and Post Trader
On North Craycroft Road, on the right when traveling north.
Fort Lowell was a major supply depot for forts around southern Arizona Territory. The Quartermaster and Commissary Depot in on private property directly west, across Craycroft Road and north of Fort Lowell Rd. The Quartermaster Department supplied . . . Map (db m100692) HM
202 Arizona, Pima County, Tucson, Old Fort Lowell — The Chief Trumpeter — Sculptor/Artist: Dan Bates
On North Craycroft Road, on the right when traveling north.
This statue was erected in February 1991 to honor the enlisted men who served in the Southwest during the Apache Wars in the 1870s and 1880s. It was cast in bronze by Desert Crucible, Inc., of Tucson. One and one-half times life-size, it stands . . . Map (db m100695) HM WM
203 Arizona, Pima County, Tucson, Old Fort Lowell — The Fort Lowell Flagstaff
Near North Craycroft Road.
The flagstaff has been the one constant feature of all military establishments since the creation of the U.S. Army in 1784.No matter what era or architectural style, the flagstaff has remained at the center of the parade ground and at the center of . . . Map (db m100713) HM
204 Arizona, Pima County, Tucson, Old Fort Lowell — Veterans Memorial — Fort Lowell Park
Near North Craycroft Road.
Dedicated to the enduring memory of the men and women who faithfully served in the military forces of the United States of America and in grateful acknowledgment of their contribution to this nation, which in time of peril, found in them its . . . Map (db m28932) HM
205 Arizona, Santa Cruz County, Nogales — Camp Stephen D. Little
On North Grand Avenue (Business Interstate 19) south of West Martinez Street, on the right when traveling south.
A military camp established in Nogales, Arizona, in November of 1910, was for a generation an integral part of the economic and social life of the community. The post was renamed on December 14, 1915, for Private Little, killed in action during . . . Map (db m296467) HM
206 Arizona, Santa Cruz County, Tubac — Presidio of Tubac
Near Tubac Road near Cll Iglesia Road.
Garrisoned by Spanish in 1752 First Town established in Arizona by Europeans Here on March 3, 1859 the Weekly Arizonian was published -- Arizona's first newspaper.Map (db m68027) HM
207 Arizona, Santa Cruz County, Tubac — Tubac
On Calle Frida Kahlo 34 miles Interstate 19, on the right when traveling north.
Originally an Indian village, Tubac is the oldest European settlement in Arizona. It was established as the Royal Spanish Presidio San Ignacio de Tubac in 1752, after an uprising of Pima Indians. In 1775 Captain Juan Bautista de Anza led an . . . Map (db m27119) HM
208 Arizona, Santa Cruz County, Tubac — Tubac Presidio
Near Burruel Street.
Here stood the original Spanish presidio or fort established as San Ignacio de Tubac after the Pima uprising of 1751. Captain Juan Bautista de Anza was in command in 1775, when he led his famous expedition to California to found San Francisco. The . . . Map (db m68026) HM
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209 Arizona, Yavapai County, Ash Fork — Ash Fork — Founded 1882
On Lewis Avenue (Business Route 40) at 5th Street, on the right when traveling west on Lewis Avenue.
Ash Fork is located near the 35th Parallel where, in the 1850's the Army Corps of Topographical Engineers began surveying a future railroad route. Camels were imported and used as beasts of burden, adding to the colorful history of the region. A . . . Map (db m33442) HM
210 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Bachelor Officers Quarters
On East Hollamon Street east of Woods Street.
The bachelor officers lived a somewhat spartan lifestyle, not altogether unexpected considering the low pay, slow promotion, frequent moves, and the amount of time spent in the field. Although these quarters were designed to have three bedrooms, . . . Map (db m250262) HM
211 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Camp Verde
On General Crook Trail (South Access Road) 0.2 miles east of Interstate 17 Exit 285, on the right when traveling east.
The oldest settlement in the Verde Valley. Site of historic Fort Verde. The first settlers came into the valley in February, 1865, followed by the military in August, 1865. Original military and historic buildings still stand.Map (db m40814) HM
212 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Commanding Officers Quarters
On East Hollamon Street east of Woods Street.
All of the buildings at Fort Verde were built in the typical architectural style once found at nearly every 1870s military post in the United States. There are probably fewer than a dozen such buildings left west of the Mississippi River. This . . . Map (db m250261) HM
213 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Flagpole & Administration Building — Fort Verde, Arizona Territory
Near E Hollamon Street when traveling north.
Fort Verde’s flagpole was designed like a ship’s mast, just like many other military fort flagpoles that were built in the 19th century. This design supports an upper and lower timber, which allows for the use of shorter logs. Often a single tree . . . Map (db m159103) HM
214 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Fort Verde State Historic Park — The West As It Really Was!
On Hollamon Street, on the right when traveling east.
The Mythology of a Western Fort Fort Verde is typical of western forts built in the 1870's and 1880's but our vision of forts comes from movies. Log stockades with towers and John Wayne fearlessly firing his rifle at attacking Indians. The . . . Map (db m40815) HM
215 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Officers’ Row — Fort Verde, Arizona Territory
On E Hollamon Street, on the right when traveling east.
The Civil War has ended, the country opens up for expansion in the West, and conflicts of a different nature face the L.L.S. Military. The Indian Wars of the 1870s-1880s brought soldiers to Arizona to protect the settlers and brought challenges to . . . Map (db m159088) HM
216 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Site of Married Officers' Quarters — Fort Verde, Arizona Territory
Near E Hollamon Street when traveling north.
There were two married officers’ quarters built at Fort Verde in 1871, both designed in the Mansard style. The style “disguises” the second floor by extending the line of the roof down. It was a popular style from the 1850s through the . . . Map (db m159091) HM
217 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Site of Married Officers’ Quarters — Fort Verde, Arizona Territory
Near E Hollamon St when traveling north.
The foundation before you is from one of two Married Officers Quarters. This two-story building was architecturally identical to the Commanding Officers Quarters, but with a reversed floor plan. After the U.S. Army abandoned the fort, the . . . Map (db m159101) HM
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218 Arizona, Yavapai County, Camp Verde — Surgeon’s Quarters
Near E Hollamon Street when traveling north.
Each permanent military command was required to have a physician. The Post Surgeon was allowed these rather spacious accommodations because patients were treated and surgery was performed here. The Post Hospital was located at the northeast . . . Map (db m159092) HM
219 Arizona, Yavapai County, Montezuma Castle National Monument — The Community
Near Montezuma Castle Road. Reported permanently removed.
A farming community of perhaps 200 people prospered here for more than three centuries. The Castle was home to 35 or so of these people. Archeologists suggest they may have fled what is today the Flagstaff area due to overpopulation around A.D. . . . Map (db m40840) HM
220 Arizona, Yavapai County, Montezuma Castle National Monument — The People Next Door
Near Montezuma Castle Road. Reported permanently removed.
Here’s another “castle” – this one called “A” by the archeologists who excavated it in the 1930s. Like neighboring Montezuma Castle, Castle A was occupied by Sinagua farmers between A.D. 1200 and 1450. However, with 45 rooms and an estimated . . . Map (db m40863) HM
221 Arizona, Yavapai County, Prescott, Bob Stump VA Medical Center — Fort Whipple
Near Route 89 south of Cultural Center Road, on the left when traveling south.
A wooden stockade fort named for Lt. Amiel W. Whipple was established here May 18, 1864. Also known as Whipple Barracks and Prescott Barracks. The post was headquarters for the Department of Arizona. Begun in 1870, and the center for campaigns . . . Map (db m216628) HM
222 Arizona, Yuma County, Yuma — Commanding Officer's Quarters & Kitchen
Near North 4th Avenue.
In 1859, steamboat entrepreneur George Alonzo Johnson built a riverside home for his bride, Estefana Alvarado. Now known as the Commanding Officer's Quarters, the home is believed to be Arizona's oldest Anglo-built adobe building. In the . . . Map (db m28999) HM
223 Arizona, Yuma County, Yuma — Office of the U. S. Army Depot Quartermaster
Near North 4th Avenue north of West 1st Street.
This adobe building was constructed in 1872 as an office for the Fort Yuma Quartermaster Depot. It replaced a room in a corner of the depot storehouses where, according to Captain J. G. C. Lee, Quartermaster, ". . .the noise of the arrivals and . . . Map (db m29000) HM
224 Arizona, Yuma County, Yuma — Quartermaster Depot Water Reservoir
Near North 4th Avenue north of West 1st Street.
A steam pump located at the edge of the river propelled muddy Colorado River water through pipes to an elevated holding tank constructed of local rock and mortar with a wood shingle roof to decrease evaporation. Sediment fell to the bottom of the . . . Map (db m29001) HM
225 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — On they come like an irresistible thunder bolt — William Heartsill, sergeant, 2nd Texas Cavalry — Arkansas Post National Memorial —
Near Old Post Road 0.5 miles south of State Route 169.
The Confederate scouts were alarmed. Looking down river to your right, one exclaimed, "One could hardly see anything in the background but smokestacks." Union soldiers disembarked from their transports. All night, knee deep in mud, they . . . Map (db m108509) HM
226 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — Our ironclads and gunboats knocked the fort to pieces — David D. Porter, rear admiral
On Old Post Road 0.5 miles south of State Route 169, on the left when traveling south.
You wouldn't have got us had it not been for your damned gunboats. John Dunnington, colonel, chief of ordnance Fort Hindman's cannon fired at the nine gunboats bearing down on them. Confederate gunners had . . . Map (db m108072) HM
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227 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — Edge of Empires
Near Old Post Road 0.8 miles south of State Route 169.
The succession of outposts here, remote from centers of New World empire, symbolized a dream of the imperial age: to connect the Gulf of Mexico to North America's vast interior by the great rivers that drained it. Following British . . . Map (db m108485) HM
228 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — The Arkansas Posts — 1686 — 1863 — Two Centuries of Settlement on the Arkansas River
Near Old Post Road 0.8 miles south of State Route 169.
Arkansas Post was not a single fort and trading center. From 1686 until 1863 there were no fewer than seven posts on the Arkansas River between here and the Missişsippi. The flags of five nations flew over them. The 1686 post . . . Map (db m108464) HM
229 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — The Colbert Raid — April 17, 1783 — Arkansas Post in the American Revolution
Near Old Post Road 0.8 miles south of State Route 169.
During the American Revolution, Arkansas Post belonged to the Spanish, allies of the American patriots. In 1783, British partisans led by James Colbert raided the Spanish village and fort here. It was one of the last engagements of the . . . Map (db m108483) HM
230 Arkansas, Arkansas County, Arkansas Post National Memorial — Where is Fort Hindman?
Near Old Post Road 0.5 miles south of State Route 169.
Standing here in January 1863, you would have seen Confederate Fort Hindman. In what is now the water, the fort stood atop a 25-foot high bluff The fort's cannon could fire a mile up or down the river to protect the breadbasket of Arkansas. The . . . Map (db m108511) HM
231 Arkansas, Columbia County, Lamartine — C-27 — Columbia County Lamartine Pioneer Settlement
On U.S. 371 at East Columbia Road (County Road 60), on the right when traveling north on U.S. 371.
One of the oldest settlements in Columbia County. Here Colonel John Dockery had his plantation and home. Here T.P. Dockery, who became a general in the War Between the States, was born and reared. The Caddo Indian Trail from Camden on the Ouachita . . . Map (db m121136) HM
232 Arkansas, Cross County, Parkin — Protecting Casqui's Capital
On State Highway 184 0.2 miles north of U.S.64, on the left when traveling north.
Ongoing warfare with other Native American groups led villagers to construct a defensive ditch around their town. The depression before you was a formidable obstacle to anyone trying to attack. You will cross this ditch several more times . . . Map (db m231813) HM
233 Arkansas, Cross County, Wittsburg — 28 — Wittsburg in the Civil War
On State Highway 163 2.2 miles south of Highway 64, on the left when traveling south.
After Arkansas seceded from the Union in May 1861, Confederate officers began to recruit in the Wittsburg area. Companies B, D, F and K of the 5th Arkansas Infantry Regiment were organized at Wittsburg June 12-14, 1861. David Cross, for whom Cross . . . Map (db m116179) HM
234 Arkansas, Faulkner County, Conway — Cadron Blockhouse
Near State Highway 319 1.7 miles west of 6200 Highway 319 West (U.S. 64).
The blockhouse is a replica of a structure that was built on this site in the late 18th century. The building was a multiple use structure, but constructed originally for defense purposes. It was used as a trading post, as a residence, and as a . . . Map (db m96645) HM
235 Arkansas, Lonoke County, Carlisle — 90 — Action at Ashley's Station
On South Court Street at West Durkee Street, on the right when traveling south on South Court Street.
On Aug. 24, 1864, Confederate Gen. J.O. Shelby and his men, wearing captured Union uniforms, attacked a series of forts protecting hay-cutting operations between modern-day Carlisle and Hazen. Confederate artillery blasted the forts held by the 54th . . . Map (db m96453) HM
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236 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — A Great Upheaval
On Missouri Street east of Natchez Street, on the left when traveling east.
Thousands of refugee slaves came with the Union army into Helena and they continued to come. Helena became an island of freedom in a slave state. The Union Army Recruits Freedmen In the . . . Map (db m107912) HM
237 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — A Short Lived Confederate Victory
Near Yorkshire Drive 0.1 miles east of Audubon Drive when traveling east.
The Confederates Take Battery C "Both brigades moved forward on the instant, rapidly, steadily unflinchingly, and in perfect order under a storm of Minie balls, grape, and canister, which poured upon them not only . . . Map (db m107958) HM
238 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — A Terrific Fire From Graveyard Hill
Near Yorkshire Drive 0.1 miles east of Audubon Drive when traveling east.
You are facing Battery D. One half-mile southeast of here, it was the closest of the fortifications on Crowley's Ridge to Battery C. During the Battle of Helena, Union troops at these batteries aided each other with artillery fire. Map (db m107950) HM
239 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — A Union Stronghold in Confederate Arkansas
On Missouri Street east of Natchez Street, on the left when traveling east.
The Union Army Takes Helena, July 1862 When General Samuel Curtis marched into Helena he was not sure if he would remain. But the city's location on the Mississippi River made it a valuable strategic resource . . . Map (db m107916) HM
240 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Battle of Helena — July 4, 1863
Near Yorkshire Drive 0.1 miles east of Audubon Drive (Business U.S. 49) when traveling east.
Confederate General Theophilus Holmes wanted to regain control of Helena, an island of Union control in Confederate Arkansas. His attack failed. Miscommunication, lack of information, and the determined resistance of the Union troops, who vowed not . . . Map (db m107941) HM
241 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Coming to the Aid of Fort Curtis
Near Yorkshire Drive 0.1 miles east of Audubon Drive when traveling east.
You are facing Battery A, which stood on Rightor Hill, a high spot on Crowley's Ridge. Defended by the 29th and 36th Iowa and the 33rd Missouri, it anchored the north end of the Union line, approximately one and one-quarter mile northeast of here. . . . Map (db m107973) HM
242 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Defending Helena
On York Street east of Beech Street, on the right when traveling east.
Shortly after the capture of Helena in July 1862, the Union army took measures to protect the city. Engineers designed a large earthen fort, which African American laborers completed in October 1862. General Benjamin Prentiss named the heavily . . . Map (db m108033) HM
243 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Flags over Fort Curtis
Near York Street west of Columbia Street.
When the Union army built Fort Curtis in 1862, the 34-star flag flew over the fort. The day the Battle of Helena was fought, July 4, 1863, the 35-star flag became the official U.S. flag. The new star represented West Virginia, admitted to the . . . Map (db m109134) HM
244 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Fort Curtis, 1862-1867
On York Street east of Beech Street, on the right when traveling east.
The Confederates tested Fort Curtis once, during the Battle of Helena on July 4, 1863.The battle ended in a decided Union victory. For the rest of the war, Fort Curtis stood over Helena, a symbol of the power of the Union army. Map (db m108036) HM
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245 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — The Avenging Fire of the Gunboat
Near Yorkshire Drive 0.1 miles east of Audubon Drive when traveling east.
The gunboat U.S.S. Tyler gave the Union defenders a decided advantage in the Battle of Helena. Her captain could move the gunboat and its heavy artillery where it was needed most, and that is exactly what he did. Map (db m107975) HM
246 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — The Battle of Helena — July 4, 1863
On Columbia Street south of Perry Street (Business U.S. 49), on the right when traveling south.
Confederate General Theophilus Holmes wanted to regain control of Helena, an island of Union control in Confederate Arkansas. His attack failed. Miscommunication, lack of information, and the determined resistance of the Union troops, who vowed not . . . Map (db m107937) HM
247 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — The Confederates Attack Fort Curtis
On Columbia Street south of Perry Street (Business U.S. 49), on the right when traveling south.
"such a slaughter was never greater on any battlefield west of the Mississippi" Sgt. Henry S. Carroll, 33rd Missouri A Strong Position Fort Curtis sat on the brow of a low ridge above Helena, . . . Map (db m107938) HM
248 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — The Guns — Seven large guns, or cannons, protected Fort Curtis
Near York Street west of Columbia Street.
The muzzles of six 24-pounders and one 32-pounder extended over the fort walls. The "pounder" designation meant that the cannon fired 24 or 32-pound balls respectively. These large guns were usually found at coastal forts, where they provided . . . Map (db m109133) HM
249 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — The New Fort Curtis
On York Street east of Beech Street, on the right when traveling east.
Mr. Ronnie Nichols, then-director of the Delta Cultural Center, first proposed building a reconstruction of Civil War Fort Curtis in 1992. Twenty years later, his vision was realized. New Fort Curtis was dedicated on May 11, . . . Map (db m108040) HM
250 Arkansas, Phillips County, Helena — Who Built Fort Curtis
On York Street east of Beech Street, on the right when traveling east.
Thousands of escaped slaves, known as Contraband, followed the Union army to Helena in July 1862. Within weeks, the army put hundreds of Contraband to work building Fort Curtis. Hard Labor in Hot . . . Map (db m108032) HM
251 Arkansas, Pulaski County, Little Rock, Downtown — 67 — Fort Steele
On West 16th Street just east of South Gaines Street, on the right when traveling west.
After occupying Little Rock Sept. 10, 1863, Union officials made plans to fortify the capital city. Construction began Nov. 9 on "a square redoubt which will command the city and all principal approaches". The resulting earthwork was named Fort . . . Map (db m228006) HM
252 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — A Building Worth Saving — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Garrison Avenue (U.S. 64) at North 2nd Street, on the left when traveling west.
The Commissary, one of the city’s most iconic landmarks, is the oldest building in Fort Smith. Its foundation was originally a raised platform from which to shoot cannons for defending the fort. The two-story building you see today was built on that . . . Map (db m156898) HM
253 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Abandoned and Forgotten — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
Imagine spending 5 years building a home only to abandon it. That is exactly what the first Fort Smith soldiers did. They quarried rock and shaped logs to build the fort by hand. Shortly after completing it in 1824, they were reassigned to repeat . . . Map (db m156997) HM
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254 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — At the Edge of Indian Country — Fort Smith National Historic Site
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
If you had stood here in 1825, on your right would have been Arkansas Territory, and on your left, a vast domain traded to the Choctaw Nation for their ancestral lands in the east. Fort Smith’s location here at the edge of Indian country was a . . . Map (db m156900) HM
255 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Belle Point
Near Parker Avenue.
In 1817, the first Fort Smith was built at Belle Point at the junction of the Poteau and Arkansas Rivers by Major William Bradford, for the mutual protection of the pioneers and Indians. He was in command until 1822. It was named in honor of . . . Map (db m77874) HM
256 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Clues from the Past — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
On Parker Avenue.
The building in front of you is very much as it appeared in the 1890s. First used as a military barracks, it was later converted for use as a courthouse and jail. Over time its appearance changed to accommodate the different needs of the people . . . Map (db m82354) HM WM
257 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Defending Fort Smith — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
Fort Smith was fired on only once during the Civil War. On July 31, 1864, Confederates staged a diversionary attack from across the Poteau River, hoping to capture the city of Fort Smith. Their strategy was to pull Union troops away from other city . . . Map (db m156983) HM
258 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Establishing Fort Smith — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
"Ascend the Arkansas River to the point where the Osage boundary line strikes that river… and therein erect as expeditiously as circumstances will permit a Stockade…" —Orders to Major William Bradford from Brigadier General Thomas Smith . . . Map (db m156993) HM
259 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Explorando Fort Smith / Exploring Fort Smith — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
On Garrison Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
Explorando Fort Smith Hay varias αreas para explorar en el Sitio Histσrico Nacional de Fort Smith. Las aceras ofrecen acceso a una variedad de caracterνsticas histσricas. Los aspectos mαs destacados incluyen la horca, el comisario . . . Map (db m285127) HM
260 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Major Long Surveys the Western Frontier — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
Traveling mostly on foot, Stephen H. Long explored over 25,000 miles of the mid-west and northern United States. His team included artists and scientists to document natural resources. In 1817, he selected the location for the first Fort Smith. When . . . Map (db m156996) HM
261 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Old Federal Building
On Parker Avenue, on the right when traveling east.
The old part of this building was the Barracks of the Fort, 1840-1871; Federal Court and Jail, 1872-1887; presided over by Judge I.C. Parker, 1875-1887.Map (db m57922) HM
262 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Request Denied — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
In the spring of 1821, Osage leader Bad-Tempered-Buffalo appeared across the Arkansas River with 400 warriors in war paint. He and seven warriors crossed the river requesting gunpowder and permission to hunt on Cherokee land. Acting fort commander, . . . Map (db m156998) HM
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263 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Second Fort Smith Memorial
On Rogers Avenue at South 3rd Street, on the left when traveling north on Rogers Avenue.
This memorial built of the original stones marks the location of the fort erected in 1838-1842 for protection against the Indians. The wall was 12 feet high and 2 feet thick with port holes about 4 feet apart. The main buildings in the . . . Map (db m282462) HM
264 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — The Bastion That Never Was — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
On Parker Avenue, on the left when traveling north.
When army engineers originally designed the second Fort Smith in 1838, they planned for it to withstand attack. A key feature in achieving this goal was a stone wall about twelve feet high and from two to three feet thick. This wall surrounded the . . . Map (db m58434) HM
265 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Whiskey War — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
By 1833, a small community had developed next to the fort. Out of the six shops, five were taverns. As the fort's commanding officer, Captain Stuart's responsibilities included stopping the illegal sale of whiskey to Indians and soldiers. After two . . . Map (db m156901) HM
266 Arkansas, Sebastian County, Fort Smith — Who Served Here? — Fort Smith National Historic Site — National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior —
Near Parker Avenue at South 3rd Street.
Regiment of Riflemen 1817-1822 After serving with distinction in the War of 1812, the elite Regiment of Riflemen established Fort Smith in 1817. Their mission was to promote peace between the Cherokee and Osage. The regiment merged with the 7th . . . Map (db m156986) HM
267 California, Amador County, Ione — 867 — Preston Castle
On Highway 104, on the right when traveling east.
The “castle,” built in 1890–1894, is the most significant example of Romanesque Revival architecture in the Mother Lode. It was built to house the Preston School of Industry, established by the State Legislature as a progressive . . . Map (db m100594) HM
268 California, Contra Costa County, Concord — Disaster
On Kinney Boulevard. Reported missing.
Here, at 10:18 p.m. on July 17, 1944, one of history's most powerful manmade, non-nuclear explosions obliterated two ships, damaged structures in twelve nearby towns or cities, killed 320 men, and wounded 390. It was the worst stateside disaster of . . . Map (db m177667) HM
269 California, Contra Costa County, Concord — Port Chicago
On Kinney Boulevard, on the left when traveling east. Reported missing.
For more than a half-century Port Chicago has been a major port for the shipment of munitions to U.S. forces serving overseas. The Navy created the munitions-loading complex at Port Chicago as an annex to the Mare Island Navy Yard in 1942. This . . . Map (db m177665) HM
270 California, Del Norte County, Crescent City — 545 — Camp Lincoln
On Kings Valley Road 0.3 miles north of S. Kraft Road, on the right when traveling north.
A United States military post was established here September 12, 1862 by the men of Company G, 2nd Regiment, Infantry, California Volunteers, to keep peace between the Indians and the miners and settlers of northwestern California. It was abandoned . . . Map (db m176820) HM
271 California, Del Norte County, Klamath — 544 — Fort Terwer — Fort Ter-Waw
On Terwer Riffle Road at Trinity Way, in the median on Terwer Riffle Road.
Site of Fort Terwer, United States military post established October 12, 1857, by First Lieutenant George Crook and men of Company D to keep peace between the Indians and whites. The fort was destroyed by a flood. in December, 1861, and . . . Map (db m240409) HM
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272 California, El Dorado County, Coloma — Changing Life for the Nisenan
Near Coloma Road (California Route 49) north of Mt Murphy Road.
In the years leading up to the Gold Rush, life changed dramatically for the Nisenan who called this valley home. Cullumah To the Nisenan, “Cullumah” was home. For generations, they thrived in the valley and mountains, building large . . . Map (db m214607) HM
273 California, El Dorado County, Coloma — Dreams of Success
Near Coloma Road (California Route 49) north of Mt Murphy Road.
John Sutter and James Marshall came to California with dreams of a brighter future, but they never imagined their future would hold gold! New Beginning For both Sutter and Marshall, California was a land of opportunity. A persuasive . . . Map (db m214608) HM
274 California, El Dorado County, Coloma — Ft. Ross Cannon
On Coloma Road (California Route 49) at Mt Murphy Road, on the right when traveling north on Coloma Road.
Patrick Obein Murphy brought this cannon from Ft. Ross to his namesake Mt. Murphy located behind this site. It’s been said that he fired it to announce the arrival of the mail.Map (db m215523) HM
275 California, El Dorado County, South Lake Tahoe — Vikingsholm – A Scandinavian Castle
Near Emerald Bay Road (State Highway 89).
Because Emerald Bay reminded her of a fjord in Norway, Lora J.M. Knight purchased 200 acres here in 1928 for $250,000. She commissioned her architect nephew to design a summer home that combined the features of Scandinavian castles and churches. . . . Map (db m275496) HM
276 California, Fresno County, Fresno — 3 — Fort Washington
Near North Millbrook Avenue/Fort Washington Road.
Approximately 2 miles north of this point, Fort Washintgon was built in the spring of 1850 by Wiley B Cassity (Cassady or Cassidy), Charls D. Gibbes, Major Lane and others. This fort, probably the first building erected in Fresno County, served as . . . Map (db m28013) HM
277 California, Fresno County, Friant — Erected to the Memory of the Pioneers of the Millerton Area Whose Remains Rest Here — Winchell Cove Cemetery
Near Winchell Cove Road.
The site of Fort Miller (1851-1866) lies about one mile north and that of the pioneer town of Millerton (1851-1874) about one and one-half miles northwest on the then Visalia - Stockton Road. Both sites are now covered by the waters of Millerton . . . Map (db m47248) HM
278 California, Imperial County, Calexico — 808 — Camp Salvation
On East 5th Street at Heber Avenue, on the right when traveling west on East 5th Street.
Here on September 23, 1849, Lieut. Cave J. Couts, Escort Commander, International Boundary Commission, established Camp Salvation. From September till the first of December 1849, it served as a refugee center for distressed emigrants attempting to . . . Map (db m50586) HM
279 California, Imperial County, Imperial — 944 — Site of Fort Romualdo Pacheco — (1825 - 1826)
On West Worthington Road (County Highway S28), on the right when traveling east. Reported missing.
In 1774, Spain opened an overland route from Sonora to California but it was closed by Yuma Indians in 1781. In 1822, Mexico attempted to reopen this route. Lt. Romualdo Pacheco and soldiers built an adobe fort at this site in 1825-26, the only . . . Map (db m50589) HM
280 California, Imperial County, Palo Verde — Camp Gaston — Est. 1859
On Ben Hulse Highway (California Route 78) at 1st Street, on the right when traveling south on Ben Hulse Highway.
Near this spot, situated on the west bank of the Colorado River, about 45 miles north of Fort Yuma, Camp Gaston was established in 1859 by Captain Henry S. Burton, Company F 3rd Artillery. The camp served as a supply post for the Hoffman Expedition . . . Map (db m138177) HM
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281 California, Imperial County, Winterhaven — 806 — Fort Yuma
On Quechan Drive, on the right when traveling south.
Originally called Camp Calhoun, the site was first used as a U.S. Military Post in 1849. A fire destroyed the original buildings. By 1855 the barracks had been rebuilt. Called Camp Yuma in 1852 it became Fort Yuma after reconstruction. Transferred . . . Map (db m149168) HM
282 California, Inyo County, Death Valley National Park — Scotty’s Castle — Road to Recovery
On Scotty’s Castle Road near Ubehebe Crater Road, on the left when traveling north.
Flash Flood Scours Grapevine Canyon On the night of October 18, 2015, heavy rains pounded Grapevine Canyon. Floodwaters roared out of the canyon mouth — visible to the northeast — and down the valley behind the ranger station. After . . . Map (db m195573) HM
283 California, Inyo County, Independence — 223 — Putnam’s Stone Cabin
On Highway 395 south of Bush Street, on the right when traveling south.
One hundred thirty feet west of this site, Charles Putnam built the first cabin of permanent habitation in what is now Inyo County in August 1861. The building served as a home, trading post, hospital, and “fort” for early settlers, as well as a . . . Map (db m2957) HM
284 California, Kern County, Lake Isabella — 98 — Keyesville — California Historical Landmark
On Keyesville Road 2 miles west of Highway 155, on the right when traveling west.
From 1853 until 1870 Keyesville was a center of both placer and quartz gold mining. On the knoll just below the townsite may still be seen the outlines of an earth-work fort, built to meet a possible Indian attack in 1863. The original Keys Mine is . . . Map (db m143331) HM
285 California, Kern County, Lebec — Camel Trail Terminus — Fort Tejon
On Fort Tejon Road west of Interstate 5.
Jefferson Davis, “Father of National Highways,” as Secretary of War 1853-57 sponsored the importation of 33 camels for transporting military supplies to the west coast. The camel trail survey ran from San Antonio, Texas to Fort Tejon which marks the . . . Map (db m32823) HM
286 California, Kern County, Lebec — 129 — Fort Tejon
On Fort Tejon Road west of Interstate 5.
This military post was established by the United States Army on June 24, 1854, to suppress stock rustling and for the protection of Indians in the San Joaquin Valley. As regimental headquarters of the First Dragoons, Fort Tejσn was an important . . . Map (db m117523) HM
287 California, Kern County, Lebec — Peter Lebec — 1837 —
Near Lebec Road west of Interstate 5.
Although little is known about Peter Lebec, it is believed that he was killed by a grizzly bear, and buried under this tree. His epitaph was originally carved into the tree. original 1837 marker: “Peter Lebeck, killed by a . . . Map (db m11092) HM
288 California, Kern County, Taft — The Fort — Replica of Sutter’s Fort — Erected in 1940 A.D. —
On 10th Street north of Irene Street, on the left when traveling north.
Constructed on the basic plan of Sutter’s original fort one hundred years after its erection in Sacramento by that distinguished pioneer Captain John Augustus Sutter. The building of this replica of one of the most outstanding landmarks to the early . . . Map (db m130655) HM
289 California, Kern County, Taft — The Fort — Taft
On 10th Street north of Irene Street, on the left when traveling north.
Built of native adobe, The Fort is a replica of Sutter's Fort in Sacramento. Originally it was built to accommodate county, state, and federal offices, as well as be utilized as a town hall. The Fort was dedicated on May 22, 1940.Map (db m169407) HM
290 California, Lassen County, Janesville — 758 — Fort Janesville
On Main Street near South Church Street, on the right when traveling south.
Built in 1859 during the Piute WarMap (db m146483) HM
291 California, Lassen County, Susanville — 76 — Roop's Fort
Near North Weatherlow Street, on the right when traveling north.
Built in July 1854 by Isaac N. Roop. First called Roop's House, and used as stopping place by emigrant trains. It was the locale of the "sagebrush war" fought in 1863 between Plumas County and Lassen County citizens.Map (db m10266) HM
292 California, Los Angeles County, Agua Dulce — The Castle of Vasquez Rocks — The Fort
Near Escondido Canyon Road 0.5 miles east of Agua Dulce Canyon Road, on the right when traveling east.
If you were to spend any amount of time in our Interpretive Center, you may hear a patron ask us a question that makes us smile - "I'm not sure if I imagined this, but when I was a kid, I remember a huge castle that was here. Was that . . . Map (db m263066) HM
293 California, Los Angeles County, Glendora — Rubel Castle — Historic District
On North Live Oak Avenue at East Palm Drive, on the right when traveling north on North Live Oak Avenue.
Built by Michael Clarke Rubel and hundreds of volunteers, 1968 to 1986, from local river rock and salvaged materials. This property has been listed in The National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior . . . Map (db m123040) HM
294 California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Downtown Los Angeles — Fort Moore — Pioneer Memorial and Park
On North Hill Street, on the right when traveling north.
On this site stood Fort Moore built by the Mormon Battalion during the War with Mexico. This memorial honors the troops who helped to win the South West. The Flag of the United States was raised here on July 4th 1847 by United States . . . Map (db m128896) HM
295 California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Downtown Los Angeles — Pio Pico — Zanja Madre — Chinese Settlers —
Near Spring Street north of U.S. 101.
Pio Pico Mexico‘s Last California Governor The importance of Afro-Mexicans in Los Angeles is best represented by Pνo de Jesϊs Pico (1801-1894), who was the last governor of California under Mexican rule. Born at the San Gabriel . . . Map (db m261685) HM
296 California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Glassell Park — The Liberty Chain
On Cathedral Drive west of Arlington Road, on the left when traveling east.
Part of the chain stretched across the Hudson River in 1776 to prevent the passage of British ships, which could cut the colonies in two. Danger was imminent. The British had taken New York City, at the river's mouth. General Washington ordered the . . . Map (db m207317) HM
297 California, Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, Wilmington — 21 — Drum Barracks — Officers' Quarters — 1862-1868 —
On Cary Avenue north of East Opp Street.
Drum Barracks, Officers’ Quarters, 1862 - 1868. Supply Depot, Department of the Southwest, U.S. Army. In memory of the historic past of this building and the importance of its association with early American history in California. . . . Map (db m52631) HM
298 California, Los Angeles County, Pasadena, Old Pasadena — Castle Green — Green Hotel
On South Raymond Avenue just south of Green Street, on the right when traveling south.
This property has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places by the United States Department of the Interior.Map (db m152692) HM
299 California, Los Angeles County, Rancho Palos Verdes — Harden Gatehouse — Portuguese Point
On Palos Verdes Drive South at Narcissa Drive, on the right when traveling east on Palos Verdes Drive South.
Edward Walker Harden married Ruth Isabel Vanderlip in 1903, in Chicago. They built the gatehouse, as it stands today, in 1926. Gordon Kaufmann was the architect, and the Olmsted Brothers designed the landscaping. This imposing structure is of . . . Map (db m155773) HM
300 California, Marin County, Muir Beach — Soldiers Guarding the Coast — Relics of Tense Times — Golden Gate National Recreation Area —
Near Seacape Drive west of Highway 1.
Early in World War II, the United States was reeling from Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor and moved to augment the defense of San Francisco Bay from enemy ships. Base end "fire control” stations proliferated along the coast in those fearful times. . . . Map (db m190257) HM

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Jun. 4, 2026