The Route of:
Coronado in search of the Fabled Seven Cities of Cibola. 1540
————
James O. Pattie and other famous trappers along the Gila River.
1825-26
————
Gen. Stephen W. Kearny and . . . — — Map (db m48612) HM
In January of 1825, a trapper named James O. Pattie, ascended this river and with one companion in 14 days trapped 250 beavers. This was the first known penetration of Arizona by American citizens. — — Map (db m36372) HM
Jacob Waltz was born in the kingdom of Wurttemberg Germany circa 1810. He immigrated to the USA in 1839 and became a naturalized citizen in 1864. Waltz was prospecting in Arizona and is reputed to have found a gold deposit near the superstition . . . — — Map (db m74397) HM
Pipe Spring 1859 — Arrived about noon hungry, tired, and thirsty. I now treated myself to a good drink of water, took breakfast & rested myself… Plenty of feed and good water at this place. —Thales Haskell, 25-year-old Mormon . . . — — Map (db m149367) HM
Many high places you see jutting out along the Vermilion Cliffs had to be climbed by this team of federal surveyors in winter 1872–73. Explorer John Wesley Powell often camped and resupplied at Pipe Spring. From here the survey team set up . . . — — Map (db m149400) HM
Here on August 28 1869, Seneca Howland, O.G. Howland and William H. Dunn separated from the original Powell party, climbed to the north rim and were killed by the Indians.
For further authentic information see “Colorado River . . . — — Map (db m155772) HM
The Old Spanish Trail, the main trade route between Santa Fe and Los Angeles, passed this way beginning in 1829. At the end of the Mexican-American War this portion of the route evolved into what was variously known as the Salt Lake Road, the . . . — — Map (db m78535) HM
First exploration probably by early Spanish explorers, Espejo in 1582 and Farfan in 1589. Explored later by Lt. Amiel W. Whipple in 1854. Important agriculture, mining, milling, and smelting area in our early days. The McCrackin Mine discovered by . . . — — Map (db m68947) HM
U.S. Army Lt. Amiel Whipple, surveying for a railroad route along the 35th Parallel about one mile south of here, passed down the broad sandy wash below in December 1853. Impressed with the deposits of petrified wood visible along the banks, Whipple . . . — — Map (db m72924) HM
This monument marks a segment of an early road across northern Arizona following the 35th parallel-transcontinental survey. The route evolved from several pathfinding expeditions: Lt. Amiel W. Whipple's 1853-54 railroad survey; Lt. Edward F. Beale's . . . — — Map (db m236476) HM
This monument marks a segment of an early road across northern Arizona following the 35th parallel-transcontinental survey. The route evolved from several pathfinding expeditions: Lt. Amiel W. Whipple's 1853-54 railroad survey; Lt. Edward F. Beale's . . . — — Map (db m236470) HM
This is a Papago word meaning, mountain shaped like a carrying basket.
Discovery of a pocket of gold and silver ore led to a fabulous boom development here in 1883.
The desert has reclaimed the original site and its suburbs of Logan City, New . . . — — Map (db m7002) HM
Memorial to Francisco Garcés, explorer and first Franciscan missionary to the Pima village at the foot of Sentinel Peak. In 1770 Garcés and the Pimas constructed at that site the first substantial building in Tucson, a mission residence with two . . . — — Map (db m83034) HM
Commandant Inspector
of the
Interior Provinces of New Spain
Hugo O'Conor
Founder of the
Presidio San Agustin de Tucson
August 20, 1775
Hugh O'Conor was born in Ireland in 1734 during a time in Irish history when England . . . — — Map (db m31548) HM
Born Segno, Italy, 1645 – Educated at Jesuit Colleges
Entered society of Jesus, 1665 – His petition to be sent upon
a distant and dangerous mission granted, 1678 – Began missionary labors in Lower California, April 1, 1683 . . . — — Map (db m26394) HM
Dedicated October 1961
To the Memory of
Jacob Von Walzer
1808 – 1891
One of America's most famed legendary figures, whose exploits have stimulated the imagination of peoples everywhere by his contribution to the heritage of his . . . — — Map (db m74394) HM
Juan Bautista de Anza
National Historic Trail
While the American Revolution brewed on the Atlantic Coast, Spain expanded its New World empire to protect California against the British and Russians. In 1774, Juan Bautista de Anza, commander . . . — — Map (db m82941) HM
Captain Juan Bautista de Anza, son and grandson of Presidial Captains of New Spain, was commander of the Tubac Presidio from 1759 to 1775, the year in which he lead an overland expedition to California to found San Francisco. In 1777 he became . . . — — Map (db m132594) HM
Mining was the lure that opened Arizona to Anglo-American settlement and, subsequently, led to its statehood. However, Arizona mining began with the Spanish discovery of the rich Planchas de Plata silver deposits just west of Nogales in 1736. In . . . — — Map (db m40777) HM
Pioneer • Prospector • Scout • Guide
Pauline Weaver
Truly a Great Man
Born in Tennessee in 1800
Died at Camp Verde
June 21, 1867
He was born, lived and died on the frontier of this country, always in the ever advancing westward . . . — — Map (db m33051) HM
The City of Prescott had its beginnings in the Spring of 1863 when a party of explorers and would-be gold miners led by the famed Joseph R. Walker arrived near the headwaters of the Hassayampa River. On May 10, 1863, at a location some six miles . . . — — Map (db m20623) HM
The Historic Chaves Trail passed near this location. The Chaves Trail is named for Lt. Col. J. Francisco Chaves, First Cavalry, New Mexico Volunteers who traveled north of here April 16-21, 1864 with two officers, thirty-five enlisted men, and . . . — — Map (db m132627) HM
Eager to expand it's New World empire, Spain
authorized a 1775-1776 expedition to settle the port of San Francisco. The expedition, lead by Juan Bautista de Anza, commander of the Royal Presidio of Tubac, traversed 1000 miles on foot, horseback, . . . — — Map (db m191836) HM
While the American Revolution brewed on the Atlantic Coast, Spain expanded its New World empire to protect California against the British and Russians. In 1774, Juan Bautista de Anza, commander of the Royal Presidio of Tubac, successfully explored . . . — — Map (db m158299) HM
Between 1846 and 1848, the United States and Mexico went to war. One of the major directives of the United States during this war was to secure its western border and to occupy California and the territory of New Mexico. The government asked for . . . — — Map (db m22686) HM
The United States and several European powers vied for control of the lower Mississippi Valley. Arkansas Post was the key to that control.
In 1541 Hernando de Soto explored the territory which is now Arkansas. Sieur de La Salle further . . . — — Map (db m108647) HM
Spanish Explorer Hernan de Soto passed this way in 1542. Nearly
130 years later Father Marquette, the French missionary and explorer,
reached the nearby mouth of the Arkansas. In 1682 Robert Cavelier,
Sieur de la Salle, claimed this territory for . . . — — Map (db m108407) HM
The Lewis & Clark Expedition was accomplished by Captain Meriwether Lewis, Captain William Clark, and their fellow explorers, and was the visionary journey of President Thomas Jefferson. The journey was to become one of America’s greatest . . . — — Map (db m91477) HM
It was built in 1929 and was occupied by Ward's for 50 years. Notice the attractive facade that was added featuring the Goddess of Liberty and adopted as the corporate symbol. Fraley's Furniture and Appliances currently occupies the building. In . . . — — Map (db m225269) HM
The Arkansas River below you has a long history and continues to flow through time.
Bernard de La Harpe, the first European known
to explore the Arkansas River, arrived here in
1722. His expedition was commissioned by France
to establish . . . — — Map (db m233664) HM
One of the most captivating legends in Arkansas folklore
is the romantic tale of the mountain's namesake.
According to local legend, during the 18th century, a French
nobleman named Chavet was granted an expedition to explore.
uncharted . . . — — Map (db m233666) HM
Using advanced technology to understand the past.
Like the methods of Crime Scene Investigators, science provides a variety of ways to look beneath the surface of the Drennen House grounds for evidence of the past. Techniques like . . . — — Map (db m120491) HM
In 1673, another European expedition arrived in Arkansas. Canoeing down the Mississippi River from the Illinois country (the upper Mississippi River Valley), Father Jacques Marquette, Jesuit missionary, and Louis Joliet, a coureur de bois . . . — — Map (db m234417) HM
On June 18, 1541, Hernando de Soto's Spanish expeditionary force crossed the Mississippi River and became the first Europeans to enter Arkansas. For the next two years, the Spaniards explored through Arkansas with a large number of captive Indians. . . . — — Map (db m234415) HM
In 1541 Chief Casqui
greeted Hernando
de Soto not far from.
where you are standing.
This trail highlights the unique
history of the archeological site.
The fully accessible 1/4 mile trail
will take you approximately 30
minutes to walk. . . . — — Map (db m233181) HM
The Arkansas Indians (the down stream people), a branch of the Quapaw tribe, lived in Desha County. Their presence was first recorded by Marquette and Joliet, French explorers, in 1673. They were known as les Beaux Hommes. La Salle while . . . — — Map (db m107809) HM
The Hernando De Soto expedition is believed to have passed near Cadron en route to points west. Some researchers think the expedition crossed the Arkansas River
(River of Cayas) near what is now Dardanelle. — — Map (db m96641) HM
A 15-man party, dispatched by President Thomas Jefferson to investigate the Ouachita River area, arrived at the hot springs in December of 1804 and found “… an open log cabin and a few huts of split boards, all calculated for summer encampment.” — — Map (db m211119) HM
This valley, long known by the Indians as "Tah-Ne-Co,"
"The Place of the Hot Waters" and according to
tradition regarded by the different tribes
as neutral ground, was first visited by white men
on September 16, 1541, when Hernando De Soto . . . — — Map (db m170754) HM
Military Road
The Military Road, following part of the route of the old Southwest Trail, passed through the heart of Hot Spring County and the Midway community. Now known as Midway Road, the primitive pathway served as a major thoroughfare . . . — — Map (db m178623) HM
Beginning 10 miles northwest of Pine Bluff, this storied bayou flows 300 miles through 6 Arkansas counties and 2 Louisiana parishes before emptying into the Ouachita River in north Louisiana. Indian mounds dotted its banks. Immigrants travelled it . . . — — Map (db m30581) HM
Before Lewis and Clark explored the Louisiana Territory in 1804, little was known about the land or the animals of this vast region. President Jefferson, interested in America's natural resources, instructed the expedition to collect specimens and . . . — — Map (db m155194) HM
This point was established by survey on November 10, 1815 by U.S. Government survey teams led by Prospect Robbins and Joseph Brown. Recognizing the national significance of this Initial Point, the L'Anguille Chapter of the DAR sought placement of a . . . — — Map (db m155200) HM
The official Survey of the Louisiana Territory was ordered in 1815 by President Madison to establish a system for distributing this land as payment to veterans of the War of 1812. Commissioned by the United States Government, Prospect K. Robbins . . . — — Map (db m155197) HM
The stone marker behind you marks the 'Initial Point' for the survey of the Louisiana Purchase Territory. The east-west Baseline and the north-south line, the Fifth Principal Meridian, are fundamental in land transactions throughout the western . . . — — Map (db m155199) HM
In this area in 1541 a Spanish expedition from Florida commanded by Hernando De Soto encountered fierce resistance from the Indians, whom they described as the best fighting men they had met. De Soto then turned to the southeast and descended the . . . — — Map (db m201572) HM
Four maps drawn during the Civil War show Battery C. On each, the size and
shape of the battery is different. Archaeological investigations conducted in
2011 and 2013 uncovered some surprising facts about this battery.
— — Map (db m107964) HM
1541-1931
June 18, 1541
Hernando De Soto
Crossed the Mississippi River
near Friar's Point to Aquixo
an Indian Village
south of
Helena, Arkansas — — Map (db m51917) HM
The Delta represents a “melting pot” of diverse cultures. And most of them got here by canoe.
Canoeing is the oldest form of water transportation on the Mississippi River-at least 2,000 years old! In the Quapaw tribal history, they arrived from . . . — — Map (db m229322) HM
'The Arkansea' was a land of mystery, wonder and riches...
Back east rumors grew of the Arkansea, a land of vast swamps, gators, buffalo, elk, beaver, and more bear than could be imagined. There were huge flocks of green and yellow . . . — — Map (db m142029) HM
The first definite account of the site we call the "little rock" is from Benard de la Harpe, a French officer sent in 1722 to explore the Arkansas River. He identified "some rocky country" and a league further upriver to the right, a rock which he . . . — — Map (db m117089) HM
A section of the "Little Rock" located at the foot of Rock Street forming the south pier of the railroad bridge over the Arkansas River, being the first rock seen by the French explorer, Bernard De La Harpe, on his voyage from the mouth of the . . . — — Map (db m102141) HM
The famed African Explorer, Stanley trekked into
unexplored east Africa in 1869 in search of the
long lost English missionary, Dr. David Livingston.
On finding him in 1871, Stanley uttered the now
famous line "Dr. Livingston, I presume?" . . . — — Map (db m170294) HM
"This … region [is] annually covered by water and at all seasons by a heavy growth of timber [and] thick can-brakes."
U.S. Rep. A. H. Sevier of Arkansas
Feb. 21. 1838
The Black River flows through . . . — — Map (db m170376) HM
Traveling mostly on foot, Stephen H. Long explored over 25,000 miles of the mid-west and northern United States. His team included artists and scientists to document natural resources. In 1817, he selected the location for the first Fort Smith. When . . . — — Map (db m156996) HM
The emigrant train of Forty-Niners, 5,000 strong, set out from Fort Smith in April, 1849, with an escort of United States [Army] Regulars under the command of Captain R. B. Marcy. — — Map (db m92353) HM
On January 10th, 1921, shortly after 4:00 P.M., on a cold January day, a
deafening roar from a drilling rig one mile west of El Dorado announced the
discovery of oil in Arkansas. Dr. Samuel Busey brought in the Armstrong #1
as an earthshaking, . . . — — Map (db m121350) HM
This marker designates the area where on March 27, 1772 a scientific team under the auspices of the Empire of Spain stopped on Strawberry Creek to include an observation of is now known as Golden Gate. According to Juan Crespi, diarist, the first . . . — — Map (db m42034) HM
In 1775 and 1776, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza and
Father Pedro Font led an expedition of 240 settlers, soldiers,
and others 1,800 miles from Sonora, Mexico to Monterey,
California to colonize the Bay Area. Anza and Font then led
a much . . . — — Map (db m176327) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain led an expedition to this site – The mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area.
In the center of the marker is a circular motif, designed by Doris . . . — — Map (db m26666) HM
The Ohlones were the indigenous people of this area and had a village called Oroysom east of this site. As hunters and gatherers they ranged far and wide. They wove baskets using various roots and willow branches and had lively commerce with . . . — — Map (db m211573) HM
After the missions were secularized by Mexico, their lands were divided into ranchos, which were granted to the “Californios” who had served the Spanish and Mexican governments.
In 1836 the lands around this park were granted to Fulgencio . . . — — Map (db m211569) HM
Near this site, an Ohlone man traveling along a well-worn path encountered a group of armed men riding large four-legged beasts. The man, having never seen such men or horses, was startled. To show that he would not resist or threaten them, he lay . . . — — Map (db m207584) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain led an expedition to this site – The mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area
In the center of the marker is a circular motif, designed by Doris Birkland . . . — — Map (db m28815) HM
Try to imagine what Anza’s expedition saw when it first arrived in the East Bay. The creeks teemed with salmon and trout, grizzlies and elk roamed free, shore birds flocked by the millions, and it was home to dozens of communities of Ohlone/Bay . . . — — Map (db m208204) HM
”The plague of long-billed mosquitos…bite us and pursued us all the way to the place where we camped”
- Padre Pedro Font
Padre Font was not happy. Setting up camp that March 31, 1776, he had come over a thousand miles from his home in . . . — — Map (db m208140) HM
[Side 1:]
William M. Mendenhall
1823 – 1911
Pioneer settler, a descendant of Quakers who emigrated from England with William Penn. He crossed the plains on horseback in 1845. Was a member of Fremont’s Battalion in 1846 and . . . — — Map (db m196958) HM
Chinese Explore the World in Junks
Before Christopher Columbus there was
Zheng He. From 1405 to 1433 Zheng He
led seven treasure fleets halfway around
the world. From the eastern coast of China, the
explorers sailed south through the . . . — — Map (db m157288) HM
Capt. Don Pedro, Father Fray Juan Crespi, fourteen soldiers, and a Christian Indian, camped here and took a latitude sighting of the Golden Gate.
Agalanes • John Rutledge • Ann Loucks • Mount Diablo • Berkeley Hills • Oakland Campanile • . . . — — Map (db m72138) HM
1855 Presbyterian pastor
Columbia, San Jose, Oakland
Founding minister of the First Presbyterian Church of Oakland
Mt. Hamilton bears his name — — Map (db m220691) HM
This marker consists of two duplicate plaques, one in English and the other in Spanish.
The Peralta Family Legacy
Luis Maria Peralta was just 17 when he and his family set off for the Bay Area in September 1775m from the town of . . . — — Map (db m71330) HM
Over time, different groups of people changed the landscape to meet their needs. The once wide open valley and its large lagoon have been transformed into smaller parcels with new uses for a growing population. Today’s seven acre park is a vestige . . . — — Map (db m217071) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain led an expedition to this site – The mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area.
In the center of the marker is a circular motif, designed by Doris Birkland . . . — — Map (db m26459) HM
Íyyanu ja sultáawukma mak ínnutka (Chocheño, the local Ohlone dialect)
Literal English translation: There come the white people on our trails.
Translation by Catherine Callaghan, Ph.D. (linguist)
Near this site on . . . — — Map (db m154062) HM
"Thence over a high sloping stony hill (sloping to the river) and down a steep hill to a canon or pass creek, where comes the first tug of war! Through the first range of the Sierra Nevada mountains" - Giles S. Isham, Aug 5, 1850 — — Map (db m211139) HM
This Sierra Crossing used by Jedediah Smith 1821 - Major John Ebbetts 1850 - Snowshoe Thompson 1856-76 - Gold Seekers 1850's. Old road left Carson Pass Road in Hope Valley, crossed Border Ruffian Pass to Hermit Valley, Pacific Summit and through . . . — — Map (db m10730) HM
On this spot, which marks the summit of the Kit Carson Pass, stood what was known as the Kit Carson Tree on which the famous scout Kit Carson inscribed his name in 1844 when he guided the then Captain John C. Fremont, head of a government exploring . . . — — Map (db m100568) HM
In February of 1844, John C. Fremont led a group of men over these mountains as they struggled to reach Sutter’s Fort. Little did they know that the pass, which lay 20 to 30 feet under the snow beneath them, would be a major route for the Gold Rush . . . — — Map (db m21278) HM
“…there ought to be a shaft raised to Snow-Shoe Thompson: Not of marble; Not carved and not planted in the valley, but a rough shaft of basalt or of granite, massive and tall, with top ending roughly as if broken short, to represent a life . . . — — Map (db m12028) HM
Summer after summer the Washoe Indian people visited the valley. Eventually their idyllic retreat was discovered.
During the winter of 1844 Captain John Fremont may have seen this place during his crossing of the Sierra. Fremont’s diary of his . . . — — Map (db m11001) HM
Named after Major John Ebbett and pointed out in 1853 to surveyor G.H. Goodard who referred to it as a “route of great promise – probably the best one for a transcontinental railway.”
No emigrant train used this route but a . . . — — Map (db m11444) HM
Telltale signs of geologic activity surround Grover Hot Springs State Park. Bold granite peaks to the northwest are the work of immense mountain building forces. Old lava flows cover hundreds of square miles to the east, giving the Markleeville area . . . — — Map (db m13239) HM
[The first paragraph of the marker is unreadable]
One of the most popular passes through the Sierras along the Emigrant Trail was Carson Pass. This Pass was discovered by Kit Carson, a guide to the Fremont Party.
The Fremont Party, led by John . . . — — Map (db m223952) HM
This campsite on the Kit Carson Emigrant Trail was a resting place for California settlers. It was named by members of the Mormon Battalion enroute to Salt Lake Valley. Three of their men, serving as advance trail scouts, were murdered here by . . . — — Map (db m21273) HM
Associate of Leland Stanford, Pioneer, Miner, Legislator, Businessman. Sailed around Cape Horn on clipper ship Tahamaroo in 1849. Established the first deep quartz mine, The Union, with E.B. McIntyre, S. Hanford & N. Drew in 1851. Became . . . — — Map (db m29829) HM
Born in Bucks County Pennsylvania, Neal a blacksmith by trade came to California with John Fremont’s second expedition in 1844. After working for John Sutter briefly at New Helvetia, obtained a land grant and established Rancho Esquon. After . . . — — Map (db m61826) HM
Member of Fremont’s Battalion during Mexican War. Established Indian trading posts throughout Central San Joaquin Valley. Leader of the first expedition of the Mariposa Battalion into Yosemite Valley, 1851
Dr. Lewis Leach described Savage as . . . — — Map (db m34057) HM
Named by famous scout Kit Carson while searching for pass over Sierras. One emigrant road forked at Big Meadows, and north branch came directly to West Point. A thriving trading post prior to gold discovery. Bret Harte, famous author, lived here for . . . — — Map (db m44371) HM
Miwok Indians inhabited this valley at the base of Mt. Diablo when Spanish explorers came in the 1770’s. Scouts, trappers, prospectors and settlers followed.
In 1857 Clayton was founded by Joel Clayton, a miner, farmer, and wagonmaster from . . . — — Map (db m59954) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista De Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain led an expedition near this site - the mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area — — Map (db m155569) HM
"We called to these Indians, hoping to buy their fish from them."
From Father Pedro Font's Diary, April 2, 1776
In 1775 and 1776, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza, Father Pedro Font, along with 240 settlers, soldiers, . . . — — Map (db m91652) HM
Fages, Commandante at Monterey, vainly looked for a way across San Francisco Bay. With Juan Crespi, Franciscan missionary, 14 soldiers, a muleteer and an Indian servant, he trekked along Carquinez Strait, thence eastward nearly to Antioch. Turning . . . — — Map (db m91703) HM
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