On McArthur Road (Route A19) south of Soldier Mountain Road, on the right when traveling north.
In Commemoration of
Captain Dick and Richard Pugh
The 1850's saw tension and turmoil between the early settlers and the native peoples of the Fall River Valley.
Richard Pugh, a native of Wales, was chosen by Lt. George Crook to be his . . . — — Map (db m10287) HM
The Mountain Howitzer is a short barreled, large caliber cannon designed on such a small scale that the entire piece can be taken apart and carried on pack animals. Mountain Howitzers were mostly used on small skirmishes, scouting expeditions and . . . — — Map (db m101426) HM
On Copco Road at Oregon Road, on the left when traveling east on Copco Road.
On Aug. 8, 1853 Captain Alden led 10 men of the 4th U.S. Infantry from Fort Jones and 80 volunteers from Yreka over these mountains to the assistance of the Rogue River Valley.
This force augmented by 100 volunteers from Oregon defeated the . . . — — Map (db m70216) HM
Near Hill Road (Route 10) near County Route 120, on the left when traveling south.
Forced to flee the stronghold, the Modoc took cover amid the craggy lava features in this area. A group under Scarface Charley watched from the Schonchin Flow as Army troops marched from Gillems Camp toward their concealed position.
Officers . . . — — Map (db m87906) HM
Near County Route 120 near Wildlife Refuge Tour Road, on the right when traveling west.
It was April 11, 1873, the middle of the Modoc War. Though greatly outnumbered, Modoc warriors had easily defeated the Army in the first battle for the Stronghold in January, and soldiers had waited through the winter while peach talks dragged on. . . . — — Map (db m87916) HM
Near County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the right when traveling east.
Over the years, various individuals and group have made efforts to memorialize the death of General E.R.S. Canby, the only general to be killed in an Indian War. This wooden cross is a replica of an original erected by a U.S. soldier in 1882, just . . . — — Map (db m87909) HM WM
Near County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the left when traveling west.
This was the shoreline of Tule Lake in 1872-73. The Modoc Indians occupying the Stronghold obtained water at this point.
Once nearly 100,000 acres, the lake was drained between 1912 and 1958 to make fertile land available for homesteads. — — Map (db m87914) HM
On County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the left when traveling west.
Thousands of years ago, flowing lava cooled forming a natural fortress. The surrounding area later became the center of the Modoc Indian homeland. A series of events made this lava stronghold a focal point in the war to remove the Modoc from their . . . — — Map (db m87917) HM
“When I was a child…I played around Tule Lake where the tules and grass grow thick… We used to go out in the tall grass… and look for chub fish… and shoot at (them) with our arrows.”
Peter Schonchin, last surviving . . . — — Map (db m63249) HM
By April 1873, months of peace talks to end the Modoc War had gone nowhere. General E.R.S. Canby found himself caught between President Grant’s Indian Peace Policy and the desire of some settlers to have the Army eliminate the Modoc band. The . . . — — Map (db m63211) WM
“Peaceable if you can, forcibly if you must,” ordered Indian Agent T. B. Odeneal. The U.S. Army garrison’s task was to bring the Modocs and their leader, Captain Jack, back to the reservation. His refusal started the Modoc War in the . . . — — Map (db m63213) WM
It is difficult today to trace the disposition of all those killed in action during the Modoc War. This site was first consecrated January 17, 1873, when two soldiers were buried here. It became an official cemetery in April when thirteen enlisted . . . — — Map (db m63670) HM
On Hill Road (County Road 10), on the left when traveling south.
Through the winter of 1872-1873, a vastly outnumbered group of Modoc Indians resisted attempts by the U.S. Army to remove them from their homeland. Driven from Captain Jack's stronghold, the Modoc moved into this area in mid-April. Intimate . . . — — Map (db m63270) WM
Near Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, on the right when traveling south.
From this command post, the U.S. Army directed part of a frustrating campaign against a small band of Modoc Indians. Determined to defend their homeland, the Modoc consistently outmaneuvered the Army, who at times outnumbered them ten to one. Just . . . — — Map (db m154350) HM
On Balch Park Road, 12 miles east of CA-190 (California Highway 190), on the right when traveling east.
A long period of unrest between the settlers and Indians of Tulare County erupted in war during the Spring of 1856. Untrue reports that five hundred head of cattle had been stolen in Frazier Valley and the burning of Orson K. Smith's sawmill aroused . . . — — Map (db m173122) HM
On North Santa Fe Street south of East Race Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
On October 6, 1862 Capt. Moses McLaughlin and Lt. Col. George S. Evans commanding 57 men of Company D, 2nd Cavalry, California Volunteers arrived in Visalia. They had come from Camp Independence, Owens Valley over the newly completed Coso Trail. . . . — — Map (db m141739) HM
Near Mono Way (California Route 108) 15.2 miles east of Herring Creek Lane.
The canyon to your right was the scene of the last battle between Indians and whites in Tuolumne County. On February 10, 1858, a band of Piutes attacked a group of employees of the Columbia & Stanislaus River Water Co. In the fight which followed . . . — — Map (db m78075) HM
Near State Highway 159, on the right when traveling south.
Front
The Soldier’s Life
Fort Garland housed infantry and cavalry units. During the 1870’s the famed Buffalo Soldiers—African-American cavalrymen—were also posted here. For all soldiers—and their . . . — — Map (db m71032) HM WM
(West side):
Colorado Territory - Organized
February 28, 1861
Colorado Admitted as a State
August 1, 1876
Census of Territory in 1861 - 23,331
War Governors
William Gilpin
Richard Ed Whitsitt Adjutant General
1861-1862
John . . . — — Map (db m4745) HM
Near 15th Street near Arapahoe Street, on the right when traveling west.
At this location on April 23, 1865, assassins shot and killed 1st Colorado Cavalary Officer Capt. Silas S. Soule. During the infamous Sand Creek Massacre of November 29, 1864, Soule had disobeyed orders by refusing to fire on Chief Black Kettle's . . . — — Map (db m67133) HM
On West 8th Avenue at Vallejo Street, on the left when traveling east on West 8th Avenue.
This tablet is the property of the State of Colorado ——— This is the southwest corner of Camp Weld Established September 1861 for Colorado Civil War Volunteers. Named for Lewis L. Weld, first Secretary of Colorado . . . — — Map (db m203499) HM
Erected by Pioneer Women of Colorado 1939 A.D. in memory of pioneers massacred by Indians. 1864 A.D. Hungate, Nathan W. and Ellen and Children Laura V., Florence V. 1868 A.D. Dietemann, Henrietta and son John, Louis Alma, Joseph Bledsoe — — Map (db m45748) HM
On Colorado Street (County Route 86), on the right when traveling west.
Trail Under Siege Indians of Colorado’s High Plains
Kiowa and Comanche Indians migrated to these prairies in the 1700s, followed by Cheyennes and Arapahos in the early 1800s. The region’s vast grasslands, thick bison herds, and brisk fur . . . — — Map (db m45756) HM
On County Highway 2 at County Highway 20, on the left when traveling north on County Highway 2.
The Ute Indians who inhabited what is now Colorado, Utah, and northern New Mexico were organized into small family bands. They migrated seasonally between the mountains and the deserts and foothills in search of game and wild plants and to . . . — — Map (db m177848) HM
On Washington Avenue Bridge, on the right when traveling north.
For many years, the Ute Indians lived in the mountains west of the mouth of Clear Creek Canyon, hunting and trading with area travelers. The Arapaho, refugees from the Great Lakes region, and the Cheyenne arrived in the area during the mid-18th . . . — — Map (db m49899) HM
(Upper Plaque)
In Memoriam
Colonel William Frederick Cody
"Buffalo Bill"
Noted scout and Indian fighter
Born February 26, 1846 Scott County, Iowa
Died January 10, 1917 Denver, Colorado
(Lower Plaque)
William F. Cody . . . — — Map (db m152718) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Chief's Village at Sand Creek
The Cheyenne and Arapaho Village at Sand Creek was a
Chief's village with 33 chiefs and headmen present. To be
a chief in the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes is to undertake
a responsibility so vast only . . . — — Map (db m181887) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Sand Pits Offer Life and Death Chief Black Kettle and George Bent sought shelter in
a sand pit with almost one hundred others. South of
them another hundred survivors sheltered in two other
sand pits, but soldiers brought up the . . . — — Map (db m181071) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Cheyenne Peace Chief Black Kettle As the soldiers' gunfire increased, and artillery began
firing deadly salvos toward the village, Black Kettle
remained in camp. In a final show of desperate hope,
the chief hoisted an American and . . . — — Map (db m182290) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Activity in the Villages
As the attack moved toward the northern-most Cheyenne
and Arapaho encampments, tribal members sought to
escape, even as artillery shells exploded overhead.
Within the first hour of the attack command and . . . — — Map (db m181252) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
A Camp at Sand Creek
Along the northern edge of the Pónoeo 'hé'e (Dry River) or
Sand Creek, sit about 156 lodges or tipis, with hoóxé’e or
tipi poles rising into the sky. Traditionally positioned with
their entrances open toward . . . — — Map (db m181240) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Some Soldiers Refuse to Fight Shortly after opening fire on the village, 1st Regiment
soldiers moved along both sides of the village. Cpt. Soule
and Lt. Cramer led their men west, around the fighting,
and purposefully did not . . . — — Map (db m181873) HM
Captain Silas S. Soule and Lieutenant Joseph A. Cramer of the 1st Colorado (U.S.) Volunteer Cavalry put their military
careers - and lives - at risk by refusing to fire during the attack against a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho village at
Sand . . . — — Map (db m180846) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
In the Cheyenne and Arapaho camps, the early hours of
November 29, 1864 started like any other day – people up
before sunrise greeted the day cautiously, but with little
trepidation. “Heap of Buffalos Coming!”
Always alert to . . . — — Map (db m180915) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Women at Sand Creek
During the soldiers' attack, men in the village put up the
best defense they could. But displays of bravery were not
exclusive to warriors; many women risked their lives to
protect their families as well. Women . . . — — Map (db m181477) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Accountings of a Massacre
Captain Soule and Lieutenant Cramer put their lives
and careers in jeopardy when they refused to attack the
Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek. Both men wrote
letters detailing atrocities they witnessed . . . — — Map (db m184923) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
A Scene of a Tragedy, a Hallowed Landscape
As the final shots faded throughout the valley and
November 29 drew to a close, approximately 230
Cheyenne and Arapaho lay dead. Most of those
killed were women, children and the . . . — — Map (db m180954) HM
Near County Highway W just east of Chief White Antelope Way.
"Many years have passed. The land is still here. We lived here, our clans lived here. The land here is our home - we have come back home."
Arapaho:
Wonoo3ei’i ceciniihi’ coowoo’ou’u. Nih’iine’etiino’ hiitiino. Neito’eininoo . . . — — Map (db m180924) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Sacred Memory
Sand Creek is a place where culture and history are at the
center of controversy, trauma, anger, and forgiveness. A
place to reflect on the past as well as the future, the Sand
Creek Massacre teaches powerful . . . — — Map (db m181063) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
3rd Regiment Attacks
Hearing gun fire from the vicinity of the village,
soldiers of the 3rd Regiment, approximately two
miles west of this location, disobeyed orders and
turned their horses toward the bluffs. Somewhere
in the . . . — — Map (db m181097) HM WM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54.
On November 29, 1864, U.S. Colonel John Chivington and 700 volunteer troops attacked an encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho along Sand Creek. The thunderous approach of horses galloping toward camp at dawn sent hundreds fleeing from their tipis. Many . . . — — Map (db m180927) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Pony Herds Threatened
First to see soldiers approaching were two young men, King
Fisher and Little Bear, who were tending the horse herds
grazing to the south. In 1906, Little Bear described that
fateful day: “As I was going . . . — — Map (db m181575) HM
On Unnamed entrance road north of County Road W, in the median.
We ran up the creek with the cavalry following us…The dry bed of the stream was
now a terrible sight: men, women, and children lying thickly scattered on the sand, some dead and the rest too badly wounded to move… George . . . — — Map (db m181944) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
The flag before you represents the flag that flew from Chief Black Kettle's lodge on the morning of November
29, 1864, when his encampment of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho was brutally attacked by the Colorado
(U.S.) Volunteer Cavalry. The . . . — — Map (db m184925) HM
Near E 15th Street (U.S. 287) 0.1 miles east of Maine Street, on the left when traveling east.
Sand Creek Massacre
National Historic Site
Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site memorializes the massacre of nearly two hundred Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.
Near dawn on November 29, 1864, detachments of the 1st . . . — — Map (db m107179) HM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
Though the Sand Creek Massacre has long passed, memories live on. Cheyenne and Arapaho return here to pray and pay tribute to ancestors who both perished and survived that dreadful day.
Ever resilient, the Cheyenne and Arapaho nations of today . . . — — Map (db m181060) HM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
"All we ask is that we may have peace with the whites...We want to take good tidings home to our people, that they may sleep in peace."
Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle
As tensions mounted, Chiefs Black Kettle and Left Hand pled . . . — — Map (db m181243) HM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
”Many years have passed. The land is still here. We lived here, our clans lived here. The land here is our home - we have come back home.”
Arapaho:
Wonoo3ei’i ceciniihi’ coowoo’ou’u. Nih’iine’etiino’ hiitiino. Neito’eininoo . . . — — Map (db m180923) HM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
In the aftermath of Sand Creek, federal investigations and military inquiry took place. Dozens of eyewitness' provided testimony. Taken in Washington, D.C., Denver City, Fort Lyon, and other locations, officers, soldiers, and civilians came forth. . . . — — Map (db m181061) HM
Near County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
A barrage of arms fire was leveled against the Cheyenne and Arapaho. Amid the wild confusion, soldiers noticed people at the village “... going slowly away in a sort of listless, and dazed, or confused manner ...” Throughout the morning and into the . . . — — Map (db m181242) HM
On County Road W, 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
For years, Cheyenne and Arapaho traveled and hunted the Great Plains in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains. But in 1858, gold fever struck in Colorado Territory. Miners rushed in and tens of thousands of settlers followed. Competition for land became . . . — — Map (db m181241) HM
On County Highway 250, 0.5 miles east of U.S. 550, on the left when traveling east.
Captain Charles H. Baker, who discovered gold in the San Juan in 1860, led a party of prospectors to this area in 1861. They placer mined on El Rio de las Animas, built the first bridge (300 feet north), and established the town called Animas . . . — — Map (db m177471) HM
Near 4th Street (U.S. 287) west of 7th Avenue, on the right when traveling west.
Sand Creek Massacre
At dawn on the morning of November 29 I was still in bed when I heard shouts and the noise of people running about the camp. I jumped up and ran out of my lodge. From down the creek a large body of troops was . . . — — Map (db m107245) HM
On Grand Army of the Republic Highway (State Highway 6) at County Road 2.5, on the right when traveling east on Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Due west 940 feet stood
“Fort Wicked"
Originally Godfrey’s Ranch
Famous Overland Stage Station
One of the few posts withstanding the Indian uprising of 1864 on the road to Colorado.
Named from the . . . — — Map (db m61998) HM
On Colorado Route 63 north of County Road 16, on the left when traveling north.
3 miles southeast from this point is the site of theBattle of Summit Springs
Last engagement with Plains Indians in Colorado, July 11, 1869. Cheyennes who raided western Kansas were attacked by General E. A. Carr with the Fifth U.S. Cavalry . . . — — Map (db m61997) HM
In November 1864, in southeastern Colorado, U.S. Volunteers troops attacked Black Kettle’s peaceful band of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek. In retaliation for the massacre and mutilation of 163 Cheyenne men, women, and children, Cheyenne warriors . . . — — Map (db m51217) HM
Near Main Street (U.S. 50) at E. Beech Street, on the right when traveling north.
Location, Location, Location
Thousands of caravans used the Santa Fe Trail between 1821 and 1880. The trail clung close to the Arkansas River for hundreds of miles across the open plains. The Arkansas Valley offered gentle terrain . . . — — Map (db m106937) HM
Near County Highway 35.25 south of County Highway JJ.
I saw the American flag waving and heard Black Kettle
tell the Indians to stand around the flag. I also saw a
white flag raised. These...were in such a conspicuous
position they could not have been missed.
-Robert Bent, son of William . . . — — Map (db m181015) HM
Near Main Street at 6th Street, on the right when traveling west.
Following the Meeker Massacre, Gen. Wesley Merritt established at this site his “Camp on White River,” 1879. After withdrawal of the garrison in August, 1883, the town of Meeker was founded by the following pioneers: George S. Allsebrook, Charles . . . — — Map (db m163871) HM
On Main Street at 6th Street, on the right when traveling west on Main Street.
The Meeker area is rich in history — that of the Ute Indians, who were the first people in the area, and that of the white settlers who began homesteading, ranching, and farming here in the late 1800s. The county seat of Rio Blanco County, . . . — — Map (db m163889) HM
On Colorado Route 64, 2 miles west of Loop Colorado Highway 13, on the left when traveling west.
This Native Granite Stoneerected by the citizens of Rio Blanco County, Colorado 1927 and dedicated to the memory of Nathan C. Meeker United States Indian Agentwho, with his government employees, was massacred by the Ute Indians . . . — — Map (db m163886) HM
On West 1st Street (U.S. 34) at Custer Avenue, on the left when traveling west on West 1st Street.
1865 Indian War In November 1864, in southeastern Colorado, U.S. Volunteer troops attacked Black Kettle's peaceful band of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek. In retaliation for the massacre and mutilation of 163 Cheyenne men, women, and children, . . . — — Map (db m199956) HM
Troops H & I, 10th Calvary {sic}, Buffalo Soldiers, were dispatched from what is now, Cheyenne Wells, Co. Troop H arrived on September 25, 1868 to the relief of the Forsyth Scouts, who were known to be in danger of total . . . — — Map (db m131269) HM
On U.S. 34 at County Highway J, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 34.
In September 1868 fifty civilian scouts left Fort Wallace, Kansas, to fight Cheyenne and Sioux warriors, on the theory that experienced frontiersmen could defeat any enemy force. On September 17 the scouts approached the Arikaree River, twenty-five . . . — — Map (db m201049) HM
On College Street east of Bridge Street (Connecticut Route 154) when traveling west.
Native Peoples
Fort Saybrook Monument Park consists of nearly 18 acres, about 11 of which are marshland, and borders the Connecticut River called by Native Americans "quineteckut" or "long, tidal river." Prior to the arrival of Europeans in . . . — — Map (db m227286) HM
On Jewish War Veterans Memorial Highway (Interstate 95) 0.5 miles east of Mystic Street (Connecticut Route 614), on the right when traveling east.
Prior to 1800 the Mystic River Valley was a sparsely settled region. The population depended upon agriculture for subsistence and occasionally profit. The leading historical event during the colonial period had been the defeat and the near . . . — — Map (db m226772) HM
Near Greenmanville Avenue (Connecticut Route 27) north of Hinckley Street, on the left when traveling north.
Located in Pequot territory and used for millennia by Indigenous people, it was later colonized by Europeans who displaced local Indigenous peoples. Mystic is also the notorious site of one the most brutal massacres of Indigenous people in . . . — — Map (db m227055) HM
400 Feet due East of
this tablet
was the site of the first home of
Israel Putnam
in the Colony of Connecticut
In 1739, he bought 514 ½ acres of the adjacent land
from Governor Belcher at £5.0.0 per acre.
In 1740, here he came . . . — — Map (db m124379) HM
On Martin Luther King Jr. Boulevard North just east of East Water Street, in the median.
Of the eighteen Delawareans who have been awarded the Medal of Honor since it was established by an Act of Congress in 1862, fifteen received the medal for actions during the 19th century — twelve from the Civil War, one from the Indian Wars in . . . — — Map (db m198966) HM WM
On South Walnut Street just south of Causey Avenue (Delaware Route 36), on the left when traveling south.
Alfred Thomas Archimedes Torbert was a gallant and distinguished officer and leader during the Civil War achieving the rank of Major General in the Union Army. He was a strict disciplinarian who saw to the needs of his troops gaining their respect . . . — — Map (db m142602) HM
On Main Drive Northwest at 14th Street Northwest, in the median on Main Drive Northwest.
Walter Reed 1851 - 1902 Bacteriologist - Research Scientist
In honor of his great work in the fight for the eradication of yellow fever
Reverse:Insignia of the Army Medical Corps
In recognition of the high public service of . . . — — Map (db m68990) HM
On Newton Street Northwest near 18th Street Northwest.
In 1609 Captain John Smith sailed from the English colony of Jamestown, Virginia, and up the Potomac River as far as Little Falls. He found 13 Indian villages along the Potomac, including one called Nacotchtank. These villagers farmed small plots . . . — — Map (db m130871) HM
Near E Street Southeast, 0.1 miles east of Potomac Avenue Southeast, on the right when traveling east.
Brigadier General Pushmataha (1764-1824) was a Choctaw chief, warrior, hunter, and great friend of many, including President Andrew Jackson. In 1812, Pushmataha led 1,000 warriors of Choctaw Nation to fight alongside Jackson at the Battle of New . . . — — Map (db m141889) HM
Near Southeast 15th Street (Camp Ranch Road), 0.4 miles south of Southeast 41st Avenue when traveling south.
Hacienda de la Chua
Organized cattle ranching at the prairie began here in the 1600s. You are standing at the site of the largest ranch in Spanish Florida, Hacienda de Ia Chua (right). Hacienda de la Chua was the main supplier of beef to St. . . . — — Map (db m126488) HM
On West Newberry Road (State Road 26) near NW 91st Street, on the right when traveling east.
Near this site was located Fort Clarke, originally a U.S. Army post during the Seminole War, and afterwards a settlement. The name is preserved in nearby Fort Clarke Church. At this site crossed the early settlement and military road connecting the . . . — — Map (db m65191) HM
Near Northwest 34th Street (Florida Route 121) at Northwest 10th Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
(Front)
Hogtown Settlement
Near this site was located Hogtown, one of the earliest settlements in Alachua County. It was originally an Indian village which in 1824 had fourteen inhabitants. Hogtown settlement is also mentioned in . . . — — Map (db m150806) HM
Near Southeast 21st Avenue at Southeast 4th Street, on the left when traveling west.
Jesse Johnson Finley was born in Wilson County, Tennessee, November 18, 1812 and educated in Lebanon, Tennessee. After service as a captain in the Seminole War of 1836, he studied law and was admitted to the bar. During a ten year period he served . . . — — Map (db m93855) HM
On E. University Avenue, on the right when traveling west.
Present-day Gainesville was the center of a large Spanish cattle ranching industry, founded on the labor of native Timuqua Indians, during the 1600s. LaChua, largest of the ranches, was a Spanish corruption of an Indian word, and in turn was . . . — — Map (db m72916) HM
On Union Road, 0.1 miles east of Newell Drive, on the right when traveling east.
Edgar Smith Walker was born June 3, 1858, in Cooper County, Missouri. He was educated in country schools and lived on a farm until the age of 18. While attending the University of Missouri, he accepted an appointment to the U.S. Military Academy at . . . — — Map (db m128915) HM
On Southeast Tuscawilla Road, 0.3 miles west of U.S. 441, on the right when traveling west.
The Battle of Micanopy
The Battle of Micanopy took place on the morning of June 9, 1836. Seventy-five troops under the command of Major J.F. Heileman engaged a larger Seminole force headed by Osceola, numbering about 250 warriors. Two . . . — — Map (db m150458) HM
On NE 1st Street (County Road 25A) near N.E. Peach Avenue, on the right when traveling west.
Founded after Spain relinquished Florida to the United States in 1821. Micanopy became the first distinct American
town founded in the new US territory. Originally an Indian trading post, Micanopy was built under the auspices of the
Florida . . . — — Map (db m54271) HM
On Southeast Tuscawilla Road, 0.3 miles west of U.S. 441, on the right when traveling west.
War on the Frontier
The opening of the Second Seminole War began during the first week of December 1835. Seminole, along with their Black allies, attacked and burned hundreds of farms and homesteads in the Payne's Prairie region, the . . . — — Map (db m150459) HM
On Southeast Tuscawilla Road, 0.3 miles west of U.S. 441, on the right when traveling west.
Seminoles in Florida
Between 1716 and 1763, under pressure from the colonial powers of Britain and Spain, two groups of Creek Indians from more northerly regions of Spanish La Florida (see map) arrived in the area of present-day Micanopy . . . — — Map (db m150457) HM
On County Road 234 at County Road 2082, on the left when traveling north on County Road 234.
Colonel Daniel Newnan led a troop of the Georgia militia on a raid into the area in September 1812 in an attempt to annex Florida to the United States in the War of 1812. The raiders engaged a force of Seminole Indians under the command of . . . — — Map (db m54642) HM
On South Lowder Street, 0.1 miles south of W Railroad Avenue.
Proud to be a Baker County Burnsed Descendant
Honoring
James M. Burnsed
Builder of the Burnsed Block House (Mid- 1830s)
and Fort Monica
Served in 1860s as Baker County Sheriff — — Map (db m206758) HM
On West King Street (State Road 520) west of South Cocoa Boulevard (U.S. 1), on the right when traveling west.
One half mile to the west ran the Hernandez Trail used during the Seminole War. It connected forts along the East Coast to Ft. Dallas in Miami and across from Ft. Pierce and Ft. Capron to Ft. Brooke near Tampa. Brig. General Joseph M. Hernandez, . . . — — Map (db m72606) HM
Near West New Haven Avenue (U.S. 192) at McClain Drive, on the right when traveling west.
The Hernandez-Capron Trail parallels I-95 here in Brevard County. Laid out in 1838 by U.S. Army during Second Seminole war, it linked King's Road in St. Augustine and forts along St. John's River with Ft. Capron, 4 mi. north of present Ft. Pierce. . . . — — Map (db m75839) HM
Near Murrell Road, 0.6 miles south of North Wickham Road, on the left when traveling south.
"Nothing occurred to disturb the quiet of the night, except the wolves in the neighboring forest responding howl for howl…"
—Journal of Jacob Rhett Mott, 1838
By the 19th century, American settlements along Florida's . . . — — Map (db m131066) HM
On Courtenay Parkway North (State Road 3) 0.3 miles north of Biolab Road, on the left when traveling north.
Indian River oranges, one of Florida's most outstanding products were developed in the 19th century by Douglas Dummett. The Dummett family immigrated from the Barbados in 1807. By 1825, Thomas Dummett had acquired sugar plantations on the east . . . — — Map (db m125643) HM
This monument marks the site of the William Cooley plantation. Cooley arrived here in 1824 and soon became the leader of the small settlement that grew along the New River.
On January 6, 1836, local Indians attacked Cooley's homestead, killing . . . — — Map (db m127510) HM
Near Southeast 6th Avenue at Southeast 4th Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
On this spot, January 31, 1893, Frank Stranahan, the founder of this city, conducted a ferry across New River, established a trading post with the Indians and operated the first U.S. Post Office.
Seven tenths of a mile west of this point . . . — — Map (db m100795) HM
On Southwest 11th Avenue at Southwest 4th Street, on the left when traveling south on Southwest 11th Avenue.
The prehistoric peoples of Fort Lauderdale, commonly known as the Tequesta, occupied camps as early as 500 BCE in the area now known as Sailboat Bend. By 1800, Seminole Indians and Bahamian and American settlers inhabited lands along New River. In . . . — — Map (db m100394) HM
Near Seabreeze Boulevard (Florida Route A1A) at Sahia Mar.
This tablet marks the site of the Third "Fort Lauderdale" named in honor of Maj. Wm. Lauderdale, Cmdr. Tenn. Vol.
Built in 1839 under the command of Captain William B. Davidson during the Second Seminole War
First erected by the Himmarshee . . . — — Map (db m171849) HM
On Chipola Street (County Route 274) 1.3 miles west of North Main Street (Florida Route 71), on the right when traveling west. Reported missing.
On this site are the remains of early area settlers, the Richards family. As a prominent Virginia Colonial family, George Richards (1727-1818) was with Washington at Braddocks Defeat (1755), and with his sons in the Revolutionary War (1776). The . . . — — Map (db m186749) HM
On Central Avenue (State Road 20) at Main Street (State Road 71), on the right when traveling west on Central Avenue.
This is the western boundary of a reservation set aside by the treaty of Fort Moultrie and given to John Blunt (Blount) one of the six principal chiefs of the Florida Indians. The Apalachicola River was the eastern boundary. The treaty was ratified . . . — — Map (db m78029) HM
On East Central Avenue (State Road 20) at Main Street (State Road 71), on the right when traveling west on East Central Avenue.
(This is Florida's first bi-lingual marker. The second language is Apalachicola Muskogee/Creek.) Apalachicola Creek Indians permanently settled Calhoun County in 1815; wars forced them out of Alabama. A new Tribal Town was built by Chief Tuskie . . . — — Map (db m48489) HM
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