Petrified Forest is a laboratory where scientists study not only the fossil record, but the records of earlier discoveries by naturalists and paleontologists.
Interest in the area’s fossils goes back to 1853, when a U.S. Army expedition . . . — — Map (db m68873) HM
The view from this hill has changed a lot over the years. In the 1930s, this was the most spectacular cactus forest in Arizona. But no one knew that these aging giants were near the end of their lives. Today we speculate that mild weather in the . . . — — Map (db m85357) HM
The Sonoran Desert can be described as a “desert jungle” because more than 200 species of animals and 600 species of plants live here. Saguaros---with their branching arms and accordion-like pleats—dominate this scene. Intermixed with these cacti . . . — — Map (db m83147) HM
The saguaro cactus before you owes its existence to the foresight of local residents. In the 1920s grazing and development threatened the saguaro's future. Saguaro forests began to disappear as mature cactuses were chopped to make way for new . . . — — Map (db m85355) HM
Standing like desert sentinels, mature saguaros start life as tiny black seeds. These seeds usually germinate under nurse plants but only a few survive to become mature saguaros. Look for young saguaros growing low to the ground. Those that are . . . — — Map (db m83146) HM
Below is the dry bed of an intermittent stream called a desert wash. For a short time, during desert thunderstorms, flash floods rush down the mountain slopes and through desert washes to nearby rivers. However, beneath the wash’s sandy surface, . . . — — Map (db m83148) HM
Ignited by lightning, the Florida Fire of July 2005 burned 23,183 acres. Fortunately, the wildfire burned in a mosaic pattern, and only 638 acres were severely burned. Remnants of this severely burned area can be seen across the northeast slope of . . . — — Map (db m305865) HM
Lifeline
Beaver Creek has always been a major focus of life in the Verde Valley. Prehistoric Sinagua farmers constructed Montezuma Castle and other structures near the creek. They dug ditches to carry creek water to irrigate the fields of . . . — — Map (db m40868) HM
The Water Table By March of 1881, fire wells like this one were hand-dug on the four corners of the Courthouse Plaza. At the time, the water table was high enough to allow bucketing of water for fire emergencies. These wells were abandoned . . . — — Map (db m157663) HM
Soldiers from Camp Verde were early tourists to Sedona, enjoying the beauty, cooler temperatures and Oak Creek as a break from the camp.
As early as 1895, Lou Thomas turned Bear Howard’s cabin into a two-story hunting fishing lodge. It was there . . . — — Map (db m133684) HM
A Positive Impact Starting in 1905, dams were constructed along the Colorado River that brought positive change to the Southwest. Dams and canals brought a safe and secure source of water and power and enhanced the ability of people to live in . . . — — Map (db m158380) HM
Restoration in Progress The Yuma East Wetlands (YEW) is an innovative restoration project pioneered by the Quechan Indian Tribe and the City of Yuma. The 1,418 acres of the YEW are comprised of native riparian wetland, and aquatic habitats . . . — — Map (db m158390) HM
The Eureka Springs area's reputation as a health resort has its origins in the Civil War. Late 19th-century accounts claim Dr. Alvah Jackson treated sick and wounded soldiers during the war. In early 1865, Maj. J. W. Cooper, who led Confederate . . . — — Map (db m59967) HM
This three-story limestone building with metal-clad roof enclosing the top story was constructed in 1889 by Samuel L. Calif. For fifty years it served as a residence, general merchandise store, and boarding house. About 1948 the building was . . . — — Map (db m90699) HM
I stood here growing so many years,
I shared your laughter, I shared your tears.
My life was good, beginning to end,
and this is a wish I'd like to send.
Be happy and kind to all around,
and let not sorrow be ever found.
The spirit of . . . — — Map (db m59971) HM
These two large limestone public buildings anchor this part of downtown Eureka Springs. They span the deep ravine cut by Leatherwood Creek which flows in a tunnel beneath all the buildings on this entire part of Main Street.
[Photo 1.]
This . . . — — Map (db m59964) HM
First by horseback, wagons or on foot, invalids from all over this region flocked to Eureka Springs in 1879 to seek cures from the miraculous healing springs. But soon there were easier ways to arrive - stagecoaches, then trains. This laid a base . . . — — Map (db m80211) HM
Through time, Cedar Falls has cut through vast layers of
sandstone, creating Cedar Creek Canyon which reaches a
depth of 400 feet.
The rock layer capping Petit Jean Mountain is sandstone, an
ancient sedimentary formation deposited as sand in a . . . — — Map (db m233681) HM
Formed over eons, this inspiring landscape offers us a sense of wonder.
The landscape of Petit Jean State Park reveals a
story of stone, weather, and time.
Much of Petit Jean's exceptional landscape results from
earthen rock . . . — — Map (db m233687) HM
Exploring the geologic story here connects you with Petit Jean Mountain
Lepidodendron
One of the dominant tree-like plants of
either the Carboniferous Period (359-299
million years ago) or the late
Pennsylvanian Period (323-299 . . . — — Map (db m233678) HM
Walk or bike this trail
into the heart of the
Arkansas Delta.
Your journey on this
historic rail route
transports you through
time, connects you with
communities, and reveals
rich Delta heritage.
The State of Arkansas acquired this . . . — — Map (db m299927) HM
Prolific folk singer/songwriter • Over 6,000 songs from the heart of the Ozarks • Taught students in Timbo history through music • 1936 wrote Battle of New Orleans, 1959 Grammy Song of the Year when he rewrote some lyrics to be acceptable . . . — — Map (db m264686) HM
The Peak Trail is a short, moderately steep route up Hot Springs Mountain.
The summit has been a traditional site for observation towers. Unlike the 216-foot-high steel structure of today, the earliest wooden tower of the 1870s barely . . . — — Map (db m145684) HM
Everything humans do has some type of
impact on the environment. Sometimes
those impacts are not noticeable, and
sometimes they are seen and felt on a
grand scale. Erosion is an example of a
human impact that can be seen throughout
the park. . . . — — Map (db m297091) HM
Many years ago, this region of Arkansas was at the bottom of a deep ocean. Mud
slowly built up on the seafloor and eventually became shale, a rock that
results from mud subjected to high pressure and temperatures. Built up sand
became sandstone, . . . — — Map (db m297081) HM
Can you see any animals swimming in the hot springs? No? Does that mean there is
nothing living in there? There are actually
many microscopic organisms that have
been living in these waters for thousands
of years. Since these species are able . . . — — Map (db m297085) HM
Before Lewis and Clark explored the Louisiana Territory in 1804, little was known about the land or the animals of this vast region. President Jefferson, interested in America's natural resources, instructed the expedition to collect specimens and . . . — — Map (db m155194) HM
This park preserves and protects two of Arkansas's greatest heritages: The "initial point" of the 1815 Louisiana Territory land survey and one of the state's few "headwater" swamps. The elevated boardwalk allows for safe viewing of the park's . . . — — Map (db m155180) HM
Louisiana Purchase Historic State Park is situated in an unusual habitat — a "headwater" swamp. This swamp differs greatly from the more common "backwater" swamps. Found within the floodplain zones of large streams and rivers, backwater swamps . . . — — Map (db m155188) HM
A large, open grassland of some 5,000 acres, Prairie D'Ane was a landmark in southwest Arkansas. It was created through centuries of fires, started by natural forces, such as lightning strikes, and by people. Native Americans used fire to maintain . . . — — Map (db m274815) HM
Flooding, a long-feared natural phenomenon, is a very real concern throughout the region. Water has spilled from the banks of the Mississippi many times over the years, causing widespread fear and devastation. The Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, . . . — — Map (db m231575) HM
Seasons change. As they do, birds and other wild animals migrate from one place to the next to find food. Many birds follow the twists and turns of the Mississippi River as they journey from the northern United States to their winter breeding . . . — — Map (db m229321) HM
Built in 1961, the Helena bridge is about a mile long and 28 feet wide. It stretches across the Mississippi River, linking Helena with the town of Lula, Mississippi via US 49.
Before the bridge
Until the early 1960s, there was no bridge . . . — — Map (db m231574) HM
Among our nation’s most valuable treasures: a web of inland waterways that winds its way through America’s heartland to the Mississippi River. Boats carrying people and freight use these well-traveled “marine highways” to travel from one city or . . . — — Map (db m229324) HM
Found in the floodplains of rivers and streams, these wetland communities depend on water. Unlike a swamp (where water is always present), bottomland hardwood forests experience seasonal flooding.
Disappearing forest
Before the arrival . . . — — Map (db m231810) HM
The impact of stormwater runoff on the Mississippi River is an environmental concern.
The quality and quantity of water in all of our streams, rivers, lakes, aquifers, and oceans is diminishing. We can reverse this negative trend by becoming . . . — — Map (db m231766) HM
The earliest known inhabitants of the hardwood forest of the Ozarks migrated to Arkansas over 12 thousand years ago through the Great Bering Strait. For the next two thousand years Bluff Dwellers hunted the mountain plateaus before the Quapaws, . . . — — Map (db m59882) HM
Historically Alameda was a peninsula, rich in
natural resources. Native peoples gathered food
and materials from bay salt marshes, abundant
oak forests, and nearby shorelines. From the
early 1800's the western tip of the peninsula
now known as . . . — — Map (db m157046) HM
Before you is on e of the few remnant salt marshes in the San Francisco Bay. As important and delicate ecosystems, salt marshes serve as nurseries for crab and fish species, provide critical habitat for endangered plants and birds, and protect . . . — — Map (db m218655) HM
For decades the dumping of construction debris of a growing industrial society filled in the marshes and tide flats of the Albany Waterfront.
An unsightly peninsula began to form...hidden from the main stream of urban life.
In 1984 the dumping . . . — — Map (db m197620) HM
The explosive powder industry developed around San Francisco during the Civil War to
supply California's gold mines. A powder plant opened at Albany's remote Fleming Point in
1879. Others on the north side of Albany Hill followed. Nobel Depot, . . . — — Map (db m174552) HM
Before the Ice Age waned about 10,000 years ago, this area was part of a wide valley
through which the Sacramento River flowed on its way to the Pacific Ocean near the
Farallon Islands. The river spilled over a waterfall at the Golden Gate . . . — — Map (db m174544) HM
Outcroppings of weathered rock are a prominent feature of the Berkeley Hills, providing evidence of this area’s complex geological past. Composed of Northbrae rhyolite, Indian Rock is an ancient volcanic remnant. Native Ohlone communities gathered . . . — — Map (db m53852) HM
City of Berkeley Landmarks
designated in 1995
When the La Loma Park subdivision was created in 1900, the streets were laid out in harmony with the natural contours of the land as advocated by Berkeley’s Hillside Club. The rustic quality of the . . . — — Map (db m53884) HM
Berkeley History
In the early 1900s, the natural beauty of this undeveloped district, with dramatic rock outcroppings and ancient oaks made it a favorite destination for picnickers and hikers.
After a campaign to make the area a city park . . . — — Map (db m53848) HM
City of Berkeley Landmark
designated in 1984
Claremont, a 1905 subdivision, was originally part of the 125-acre Edson Adams ranch. Early advertisements for the tract enticed families to leave the noisy, crowded city behind and head for . . . — — Map (db m54679) HM
City of Berkeley Landmark
designated in 2004
The Hillside Club was founded in 1898 by Berkeley women intent on preserving the natural beauty of the hills. It soon became an influential cultural force. North Berkeley’s curved streets with old . . . — — Map (db m54186) HM
Live Oak Park was created in 1914 when the City of Berkeley purchased four acres from landowners R.S. Penniman and Michael O’Toole. Mr. Penniman’s brown shingle house served as the park clubhouse and also, from 1916-1936, as Berkeley’s North Branch . . . — — Map (db m194669) HM
Here a venerable oak tree was saved by Annie Maybeck (1867-1956), wife of architect Bernard Maybeck. She is said to have "marched off to city hall" to protest the cutting of native trees during street paving early in the 20th Century. She and other . . . — — Map (db m18562) HM
City of Berkeley Landmarks
designated in 1983
In the late 1890s a group of concerned women formed the Hillside Club to “encourage artistic homes built of materials complementing the natural beauty of the Berkeley Hills.” The Club soon . . . — — Map (db m53886) HM
City of Berkeley Landmarks
designated in 1996
This is one of the earliest houses built in the north Berkeley hills. George Jensen came from Denmark and was a contractor in Los Angeles before moving to Berkeley. Members of the Jensen family lived . . . — — Map (db m53887) HM
The former Salt Evaporation Ponds in front of you have been divided into sections with different levels of saltiness. By studying water conditions, bird use, and prey abundance here, researchers will learn how to create the most opportunities for . . . — — Map (db m206505) HM
As part of the City of Hayward’s commitment to sustainability, we promote healthy, environmentally-sound landscape practices.
Since 2009, the City required that large civic landscape projects be verified as Bay-Friendly Rated Landscapes. This . . . — — Map (db m208210) HM
Marker Once:
Once plentiful on California beaches, western snowy plovers now face extinction due to habitat loss from coastal development and beach recreation. Fortunately, dry salt ponds offer these sparrow-sized shorebirds an . . . — — Map (db m207071) HM
Dramatic reductions in tidal wetlands over the past 200 years, due to urban development, agriculture, and salt production, resulted in significant declines in marsh-dependent wildlife. In addition to providing critically important habitat for fish, . . . — — Map (db m207017) HM
Marker One:
Balancing the needs of people and wildlife has long challenged Californians. Gold Rush-era settlers believed the best value of Baylands came from converting them to salt ponds, housing, or other human uses. Today we recognize . . . — — Map (db m207078) HM
Brushy Peak is a 1,702-foot landmark at the juncture of the San Francisco Bay Area, the California Delta, and the Central Valley. The peak and its environs have been recognized as sacred by generations of native Californians. Due to its . . . — — Map (db m198223) HM
1853
Oakland was shaped
by seven GREEN SQUARES
Downtown’s living rooms
now only five
Parks bring out the
Goodness of good people — — Map (db m72832) HM
Lake Merrit, once a tidal marsh system and estuary
with an inlet to the Bay, was home to a variety of
wildlife including leopard sharks and bat rays.
Sightings of these creatures likely inspired the
stories of sea monsters in the Lake. Such . . . — — Map (db m163099) HM
Joaquin Miller Park was formed in 1917 when the City of Oakland and its citizens – led by The California Writers Club – purchased 68 acres from the estate of Joaquin Miller, the noted 19th century “Poet of the Sierras” and . . . — — Map (db m71737) HM
The Shepherd Canyon Corridor Plan was created by the City of Oakland in 1975 to
provide a vision for the development of the Canyon after CALTRANS dropped plans
for Highway 77 along the former Sacramento Northern Railroad Right of Way. The
Oakland . . . — — Map (db m185619) HM
Until at least 1851, Redwood trees on this site were used as landmarks to avoid striking the treacherous submerged Blossom Rock in San Francisco Bay west of Yerba Buena Island. Although by 1855 the original stems had been logged, today's trees are . . . — — Map (db m100564) HM
Over time, different groups of people changed the landscape to meet their needs. The once wide open valley and its large lagoon have been transformed into smaller parcels with new uses for a growing population. Today’s seven acre park is a vestige . . . — — Map (db m217071) HM
Here stands one the first commercial buildings in Pleasanton, possibly as old as 1864. Originally a general store, this building has been a bar, brothel, bank and unofficial Wells Fargo stagecoach stop. Since 1959 it has become well-known as the . . . — — Map (db m211819) HM
How do you climb the wall of a dam using fins? The dam blocked the natural migratory route of the steelhead trout, prohibiting them from swimming up San Leandro Creek to spawn in their natural habitat, what is now upper San Leandro Reservoir and . . . — — Map (db m71713) HM
Through his life’s dreams and efforts. Thousands enjoy skiing, good water, scenic meadows and preservation of Bear Valley’s natural beauty.
In Appreciation — — Map (db m10965) HM
Hydraulic Mining was the largest and most destructive form of mining. Water, brought through flumes and ditches from high up in the mountains, was redirected into an ever-narrowing channel and out through a giant iron nozzle, called a . . . — — Map (db m56649) HM
The large outcrop with the staircase and cables is Sentinel Rock. The Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) installed the steps and railings on Sentinel Rock sometime berween 1933 and 1942. It is now a popular climbing rock.
One of the responses of . . . — — Map (db m199523) HM
This magnificent Valley Oak, Quercus lobato, is estimated to date as far back as the 1600s. This tree is a Designated Heritage Resource that continues to thrive alongside the San Ramon Creek and still drops acorns as it did long ago. The Bay . . . — — Map (db m200173) HM
Cerrito Creek and its branches carry
rain and spring water from the East Bay Hills
to San Francisco Bay. Native Americans lived along
its banks. It became the boundary between vast
Spanish land grants and, later, the county line.
The City . . . — — Map (db m155139) HM
In 1988, a massive oil spill from the nearby Shell Refinery
inundated the Carquinez Strait and downstream marshes
including McNabney Marsh. As a result of a settlement with
a number of agencies, Shell Oil paid over $12 million into a
Natural . . . — — Map (db m145095) HM
In 1919, Colonel Robert Bradford Marshall
of the United States Geological Survey
proposed an unprecedented project
of dams, canals, and pumps to
move Delta-bound water from
California's wet north and snowy
Sierra Nevada mountains to its
arid . . . — — Map (db m190979) HM
Corcoran Lake filled the Central Valley
760,000 years ago (including where you
now stand)! It drained to the ocean at
today's Monterey Bay. Tectonic forces
plugged the outlet and tilted the
lakebed to the north 200,000 years
later. The surging . . . — — Map (db m190604) HM
Far from being an ancient geological feature, our Delta is a virtual newcomer.
Imagine sunrise here 14,000 years ago.
Dawn illuminates the glacier-coated Sierra
Nevada Mountains. The San Joaquin and
Sacramento Rivers merge nearby, . . . — — Map (db m190991) HM
Picture a river running through a desert.
Now picture a desert running through a river.
The San Joaquin River once flowed
uninterrupted from high mountains,
through the arid valley bearing its name,
to the Delta. Floods enriched . . . — — Map (db m190726) HM
The vegetation around you is quite different from that observed
during the Anza Expedition of 1776. The pine forests across the
reservoir and on San Pablo Ridge were not here. Oak-bay
woodlands filled the ravines as they do now, but the open . . . — — Map (db m153306) HM
San Pablo Creek, Orinda’s biggest creek, flow from the Glorietta neighborhood, through both side of downtown Orinda, all the way to Wagner Ranch Nature Area, and into the San Pablo Reservoir. The City of Orinda has many other creeks, as you . . . — — Map (db m222683) HM
In 1775 and 1776, Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza, Father
Pedro Font, along with 240 settlers, soldiers, and others traveled
1,800 miles from Sonora, Mexico to Monterey, California. Anza
and Font, with a small group passed through by horseback . . . — — Map (db m145988) HM
This Unit of 500 Acres in the
National Tribute Grove
is preserved through the
National Society
Daughters of the American Revolution
to honor those who served in the armed forces
of the United States in World War II
and to . . . — — Map (db m241927) WM
This grove is given to the State of California for the preservation of these ancient trees by Mr. and Mrs. Jesse H. Metcalf of Rhode Island. — — Map (db m1510) HM
As miners moved from Sierra streams to gulches and hills, they found rich gold deposits in ancient river beds, some far from water. By 1853 they had begun working these gravels with water delivered through hoses and nozzles. Ultimately, this major . . . — — Map (db m215029) HM
This giant Jeffrey pine, the Old Veteran, is 350 to 400 years old. Although this tree still stands, most of the pines of the same age fell to loggers in the late 1800s. This tree is the only one of its kind near the visitor center.
Notice that . . . — — Map (db m212297) HM
One of the largest stands of Giant Sequoias, it contained some of the finest Big Trees. The grove was logged as a private land between 1897 and 1907, first by the Sanger Lumber Company and later by Hume-Bennett Lumber Company, which in 1909 . . . — — Map (db m52239) HM
Conservationist, author, anthropologist, a founder of the Save-the-Redwoods League.
This area of 1600 acres, habitat of the last surviving herd in California of Roosevelt Elk is established as a memorial by
· De Forest Grant
· John D. . . . — — Map (db m32569) HM
Your journey along the Newton B. Drury Scenic Parkway follows the historic Redwood Highway. When the highway reached this area in the early 1920s, a new era of automobile-based tourism was booming. Then, just as today, iconic Big Tree was an . . . — — Map (db m176816) HM
A World class Forest Preserve
Containing over 53,000-acres, Humboldt Redwoods State Park includes some of the world's most impressive redwood forests, many miles of river frontage, and nearly 100 miles of hiking, riding and mountain bike . . . — — Map (db m176731) HM
Laura Perrott Mahan 1867-1937 James P. Mahan 1867-1937 • Pioneers in the Save-the-Redwoods League • The California State Park Commission has dedicated to their memory this site where on Nov.19.1924, Mr. and Mrs. Mahan discovered that logging had . . . — — Map (db m150292) HM
Indigenous People
Since time immemorial, Lalongkok peoples have lived respectfully among and cared for these redwoods. As Europeans arrived, their cultural ideology led to lasting negative impacts to native cultural practices and to . . . — — Map (db m190829) HM
World's foremost conservationist. A founder and second director,
U.S. National Park Service. Born
Bishop, California, January 6, 1890,
near this monument. — — Map (db m288371) HM
He laid the foundation of the National Park Service, defining and establishing the policies under which its areas shall be developed and conserved unimpaired for future generations. There will never come an end to the good that he has done. — — Map (db m158620) HM
Owens Lake was once over 300 feet deep and part of a large ancient freshwater lake. As the climate changed over centuries, the lake began to dry up leaving behind concentrated minerals and salts. By 1905, diversion of water by farmers in the Owens . . . — — Map (db m72575) HM
The Alabama Gates and gate house were constructed in 1913 when the Los Angeles Aqueduct was built to dewater the aqueduct when maintenance is necessary. On November 16, 1924, seventy or more local citizens seized the aqueduct at the Alabama Gates . . . — — Map (db m93252) HM
When European explorers first came to what is now Kern County, it was inhabited predominantly by indigenous peoples known as the Chumash, Kawaiisu, Kitanemuk, Serrano, Tubatulabal and Yokuts.
The Kern County area was first claimed by the . . . — — Map (db m167101) HM
Back From the Brink of Extinction
Half a million tule elk once roamed
the marshes and grasslands of
California. The Gold Rush began an
era of commercial hunting and
agricultural practices that decimated
the elk and their . . . — — Map (db m184928) HM
In 1947 the Tehachapi Soil Conservation District was organized to advise the farm industry. It was apparent by the early 1960s that if agriculture were to continue as economic force in the District, additional water had to be found. In the early . . . — — Map (db m135047) HM
First Panel:
Wind Development
Why Tehachapi Pass?
1) Close to Energy Users
The proximity of Tehachapi Pass to the Los Angeles Basin makes it an attractive location for wind power development, as it reduces the length, . . . — — Map (db m63166)
During the first US energy crises in the 1970s the need for a sustainable and renewable energy was evident and President Jimmy Carter created the first renewable energy program in the country. In the early 1980s the first commercial electricity from . . . — — Map (db m135045) HM
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