We the Numu, (pronounced Noom, which is our word for people) known
now as Owens Valley Paiute, are native to the broad and beautiful valleys
here. What you see may look stark and dry, but long before the whites came,
we understood this land . . . — — Map (db m195037) HM
On Edwards Street (U.S. 395) at Inyo Street, on the left when traveling north on Edwards Street.
The year 1861 found Charles Putnam gathering stones along Little
Pine Creek to build a cabin. The simple structure served as a trading
post for local miners and homesteaders who called the settlement
Little Pine. Conflicts between native . . . — — Map (db m225348) HM
On Reclamation Road near Redbud Lane, on the right when traveling west.
Scene of a battle between U.S. soldiers under command of Captain Lyons and Indians under Chief Augustine, April 14th, 1850.
Dedicated as an historical monument by the Native Sons of the Golden West
May 20th, 1942 — — Map (db m1055) HM WM
Protecting the West
Camp Reynolds could be a difficult place to live. The harsh wind whistled around wooden buildings the army had intended to be temporary. Over 150 years later, these buildings still stand.
The Union Army started . . . — — Map (db m310882) HM
On CA Highway 140, on the right when traveling east.
Here in 1849, James D. Savage established a store built of logs. He engaged in trading and mining and married several squaws for protection and influence. In spring of 1850, fearing Indian depredations, he moved to Mariposa Creek. In December, his . . . — — Map (db m904) HM
Near Wawona Road (State Highway 41), on the left when traveling east. Reported missing.
From the crest of the ridge of a few hundred feet behind this point members of the Mariposa Battalion under the leadership of Major James D. Savage looked into Yosemite Valley on March 27, 1851.
Alarmed by the encroaching tide of California Gold . . . — — Map (db m47417) HM
On Old Alturas Highway (County Route 114) 1.1 miles north of County Route 101, on the left when traveling north.
“Over divide to Tule Lake, on Lost River, passed in sight of Bloody Point where a train of emigrants were cut off last year. This afternoon Geo. W. Ebey killed a brant on the lake. Oh, so good to eat.” —James Henry Bascomb Royal, Oct 19, 1853. — — Map (db m147563) HM
On California Route 139, on the left when traveling north.
Two Warm Springs Indians, acting
as scouts with the U.S. Army were
killed at the Battle of Dry Lake.
That final battle of the Modoc War
was fought about 10 miles S.E. of here,
May 10, 1873. They were brought to
the Peninsula Camp, just . . . — — Map (db m151905) HM
On California Route 139, 0.2 miles Glendale Street, on the right when traveling south.
General E.R.S. Canby was murdered here in April, 1873, while holding a peace parley under flag of truce with Captain Jack and Indian Chiefs. Rev. Eleazer Thomas, Peace Commissioner, was likewise treacherously slain. — — Map (db m154348) HM
On State Highway 139, 0.2 miles south of Glendale Street, on the right when traveling south.
From this fortress Captain Jack and his Indian forces successfully resisted capture by U.S. Army troops from December 1, 1872 to April 18, 1873. Other nearby landmarks of the Modoc Indian War are Canby's Cross, No. 110 and Guillam's Graveyard, No. . . . — — Map (db m154347) HM
On California Route 139 near County Route 122, on the left when traveling north.
Two Warm Springs Indians, acting as scouts with the U.S. Army were killed at the Battle of Dry Lake. That final battle of the Modoc War was fought about 10 miles S.E. of here May 10, 1873. They were brought to the Peninsula Camp, just south of here, . . . — — Map (db m87893) HM
On Franklin Boulevard at Hood Franklin Road, on the left when traveling north on Franklin Boulevard.
Franklin Cemetery marks the final resting place of Alexander Hamilton Willard. He is remembered as a member of the Lewis and Clark Expedition, farmer, soldier in the Blackhawk War, and California pioneer. In 1852, 74-year-old Alexander, his wife and . . . — — Map (db m259189) HM
Near 10th Street, on the right when traveling east.
A graduate of West Point, his gallantry on the fields of battle earned him commendations; from the Seminole War in Florida, to the Mexican War, to the Indian Campaign in the Pacific Northwest. His unwavering loyalty to the Union would prompt . . . — — Map (db m10766) HM
Near South Austin Road near Austin Road, on the left when traveling south.
Near here in May 1820 Estanislao, the Indian chief of whom the river and county were named, defeated Sgt. Sanchez in a battle. Later the same month Gen. Vallejo returned with infantry cavalry and artillery burned the woods and routed the Indians. . . . — — Map (db m151170) HM
On Castle Creek Road, on the left when traveling west.
Battle of the Crags was fought below Battle Rock in June 1855. This conflict between the Modoc Indians and the settlers resulted from miners destroying the native fishing waters in the Lower Soda Springs area. Settlers led by Squire Reuben Gibson . . . — — Map (db m69857) HM
On McArthur Road (Route A19) south of Soldier Mountain Road, on the right when traveling north.
In Commemoration of
Captain Dick and Richard Pugh
The 1850's saw tension and turmoil between the early settlers and the native peoples of the Fall River Valley.
Richard Pugh, a native of Wales, was chosen by Lt. George Crook to be his . . . — — Map (db m10287) HM
The Mountain Howitzer is a short barreled, large caliber cannon designed on such a small scale that the entire piece can be taken apart and carried on pack animals. Mountain Howitzers were mostly used on small skirmishes, scouting expeditions and . . . — — Map (db m101426) HM
On Copco Road at Oregon Road, on the left when traveling east on Copco Road.
On Aug. 8, 1853 Captain Alden led 10 men of the 4th U.S. Infantry from Fort Jones and 80 volunteers from Yreka over these mountains to the assistance of the Rogue River Valley.
This force augmented by 100 volunteers from Oregon defeated the . . . — — Map (db m70216) HM
Near Hill Road (Route 10) near County Route 120, on the left when traveling south.
Forced to flee the stronghold, the Modoc took cover amid the craggy lava features in this area. A group under Scarface Charley watched from the Schonchin Flow as Army troops marched from Gillems Camp toward their concealed position.
Officers . . . — — Map (db m87906) HM
Near County Route 120 near Wildlife Refuge Tour Road, on the right when traveling west.
It was April 11, 1873, the middle of the Modoc War. Though greatly outnumbered, Modoc warriors had easily defeated the Army in the first battle for the Stronghold in January, and soldiers had waited through the winter while peace talks dragged . . . — — Map (db m298151) HM
Near County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the right when traveling east.
Over the years, various individuals and group have made efforts to memorialize the death of General E.R.S. Canby, the only general to be killed in an Indian War. This wooden cross is a replica of an original erected by a U.S. soldier in 1882, just . . . — — Map (db m87909) HM WM
Near County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the left when traveling west.
This was the shoreline of Tule Lake in 1872-73. The Modoc Indians occupying the Stronghold obtained water at this point.
Once nearly 100,000 acres, the lake was drained between 1912 and 1958 to make fertile land available for homesteads. — — Map (db m87914) HM
On County Route 120 near Hill Road (County Route 10), on the left when traveling west.
Thousands of years ago, flowing lava cooled forming a natural fortress. The surrounding area later became the center of the Modoc Indian homeland. A series of events made this lava stronghold a focal point in the war to remove the Modoc from their . . . — — Map (db m87917) HM
“When I was a child…I played around Tule Lake where the tules and grass grow thick… We used to go out in the tall grass… and look for chub fish… and shoot at (them) with our arrows.”
Peter Schonchin, last surviving . . . — — Map (db m63249) HM
By April 1873, months of peace talks to end the Modoc War had gone nowhere. General E.R.S. Canby found himself caught between President Grant’s Indian Peace Policy and the desire of some settlers to have the Army eliminate the Modoc band. The . . . — — Map (db m63211) WM
“Peaceable if you can, forcibly if you must,” ordered Indian Agent T. B. Odeneal. The U.S. Army garrison’s task was to bring the Modocs and their leader, Captain Jack, back to the reservation. His refusal started the Modoc War in the . . . — — Map (db m63213) WM
It is difficult today to trace the disposition of all those killed in action during the Modoc War. This site was first consecrated January 17, 1873, when two soldiers were buried here. It became an official cemetery in April when thirteen enlisted . . . — — Map (db m63670) HM
On Hill Road (County Road 10), on the left when traveling south.
Through the winter of 1872-1873, a vastly outnumbered group of Modoc Indians resisted attempts by the U.S. Army to remove them from their homeland. Driven from Captain Jack's stronghold, the Modoc moved into this area in mid-April. Intimate . . . — — Map (db m63270) WM
Near Volcanic Legacy Scenic Byway, on the right when traveling south.
From this command post, the U.S. Army directed part of a frustrating campaign against a small band of Modoc Indians. Determined to defend their homeland, the Modoc consistently outmaneuvered the Army, who at times outnumbered them ten to one. Just . . . — — Map (db m154350) HM
On Balch Park Road 12 miles east of CA-190 ( Highway 190), on the right when traveling east.
A long period of unrest between the settlers and Indians of Tulare County erupted in war during the Spring of 1856. Untrue reports that five hundred head of cattle had been stolen in Frazier Valley and the burning of Orson K. Smith's sawmill aroused . . . — — Map (db m173122) HM
On North Santa Fe Street south of East Race Avenue, on the right when traveling south.
On October 6, 1862 Capt. Moses McLaughlin and Lt. Col. George S. Evans commanding 57 men of Company D, 2nd Cavalry, California Volunteers arrived in Visalia. They had come from Camp Independence, Owens Valley over the newly completed Coso Trail. . . . — — Map (db m141739) HM
Near Mono Way (California Route 108) 15.2 miles east of Herring Creek Lane.
The canyon to your right was the scene of the last battle between Indians and whites in Tuolumne County. On February 10, 1858, a band of Piutes attacked a group of employees of the Columbia & Stanislaus River Water Co. In the fight which followed . . . — — Map (db m78075) HM
On State Highway 17 3 miles north of County Road 445, on the right when traveling north.
A major encounter between the U.S. Army and a large group of Utes and Jicarilla Apaches occurred here in July 1848. Old Bill Williams, the famous scout and guide, was badly wounded while fighting the Utes, who had once adopted him as a tribesman. — — Map (db m280188) HM
Near State Highway 159, on the right when traveling south.
Front
The Soldier’s Life
Fort Garland housed infantry and cavalry units. During the 1870’s the famed Buffalo Soldiers—African-American cavalrymen—were also posted here. For all soldiers—and their families—life at Fort Garland was . . . — — Map (db m71032) HM WM
Colorado Territory - Organized
February 28, 1861
Colorado Admitted as a State
August 1, 1876
Census of Territory in 1861 - 23,331
War Governors
William Gilpin
Richard Ed Whitsitt Adjutant General
1861-1862
John . . . — — Map (db m4745) HM WM
The controversy surrounding this Civil War Monument has become a symbol of Coloradans' struggle to understand and take responsibility for our past. On November 29, 1864, Colorado's First and Third Cavalry, commanded by Colonel John Chivington, . . . — — Map (db m6755) HM
Near 15th Street near Arapahoe Street, on the right when traveling west.
At this location on April 23, 1865, assassins shot and killed 1st Colorado Cavalary Officer Capt. Silas S. Soule. During the infamous Sand Creek Massacre of November 29, 1864, Soule had disobeyed orders by refusing to fire on Chief Black Kettle's . . . — — Map (db m67133) HM
On West 8th Avenue at Vallejo Street, on the left when traveling east on West 8th Avenue.
This tablet is the property of the State of Colorado ——— This is the southwest corner of Camp Weld Established September 1861 for Colorado Civil War Volunteers. Named for Lewis L. Weld, first Secretary of Colorado . . . — — Map (db m203499) HM
On Little Raven Street at 16th Street, on the right when traveling south on Little Raven Street.
November 29, 1864. To the Cheyenne people, this day will forever be "Bo-No-ya-Hit": The Sand Creek Massacre. To the tribe's elite society of Dog Soldiers, it was their call to arms in a grasslands war with the United States.
Home on . . . — — Map (db m266446) HM
On Little Raven Street at 16th Street on Little Raven Street.
The Arapahoe Indians were one of the last indigenous people to call the South Platte River Valley home. The story of Arapaho Chief Little Raven spotlights the losses of freedom, land and life endured by Plains Indians in the late 19th Century. . . . — — Map (db m266443) HM
Near Memorial Drive, on the right when traveling south.
The U.S. Congress authorized the establishment of six, segregated Negro regiments on July 28, 1866. They recognized the military merits of African Americans by creating two cavalry and four infantry regiments.
In 1869, Congress enacted a . . . — — Map (db m251714) HM WM
Erected by Pioneer Women of Colorado 1939 A.D. in memory of pioneers massacred by Indians. 1864 A.D. Hungate, Nathan W. and Ellen and Children Laura V., Florence V. 1868 A.D. Dietemann, Henrietta and son John, Louis Alma, Joseph Bledsoe — — Map (db m45748) HM
On Colorado Street (County Road 86) west of Pawnee Street, on the right when traveling west.
Trail Under Siege Indians of Colorado’s High Plains
Kiowa and Comanche Indians migrated to these prairies in the 1700s, followed by Cheyennes and Arapahos in the early 1800s. The region’s vast grasslands, thick bison herds, and brisk fur . . . — — Map (db m275518) HM
Near Zerex Street (U.S. 40) at Clayton Avenue, on the right when traveling north.
Soldier weather. Bone-jarring exposure to heat, rain, wind, dust, numbing cold, sleet, and snow. Day after day of mind-bending boredom, interspersed with moments of stark terror. These elements chipped away at an infantry soldier on foot or in the . . . — — Map (db m288399) HM
On County Highway 2 at County Highway 20, on the left when traveling north on County Highway 2.
The Ute Indians who inhabited what is now Colorado, Utah, and northern New Mexico were organized into small family bands. They migrated seasonally between the mountains and the deserts and foothills in search of game and wild plants and to . . . — — Map (db m177848) HM
On Washington Avenue Bridge, on the right when traveling north.
For many years, the Ute Indians lived in the mountains west of the mouth of Clear Creek Canyon, hunting and trading with area travelers. The Arapaho, refugees from the Great Lakes region, and the Cheyenne arrived in the area during the mid-18th . . . — — Map (db m49899) HM
In Memoriam
Colonel William Frederick Cody
"Buffalo Bill"
Noted scout and Indian fighter
Born February 26, 1846 Scott County, Iowa
Died January 10, 1917 Denver, Colorado
William F. Cody . . . — — Map (db m152718) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Chief's Village at Sand Creek
The Cheyenne and Arapaho Village at Sand Creek was a
Chief's village with 33 chiefs and headmen present. To be
a chief in the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes is to undertake
a responsibility so vast . . . — — Map (db m181887) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Sand Pits Offer Life and Death Chief Black Kettle and George Bent sought shelter in
a sand pit with almost one hundred others. South of
them another hundred survivors sheltered in two other
sand pits, but soldiers brought up . . . — — Map (db m181071) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Cheyenne Peace Chief Black Kettle As the soldiers' gunfire increased, and artillery began
firing deadly salvos toward the village, Black Kettle
remained in camp. In a final show of desperate hope,
the chief hoisted an American and . . . — — Map (db m182290) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Activity in the Villages
As the attack moved toward the northern-most Cheyenne
and Arapaho encampments, tribal members sought to
escape, even as artillery shells exploded overhead.
Within the first hour of the attack command and . . . — — Map (db m181252) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
A Camp at Sand Creek
Along the northern edge of the Pónoeo 'hé'e (Dry River) or
Sand Creek, sit about 156 lodges or tipis, with hoóxé’e or
tipi poles rising into the sky. Traditionally positioned with
their entrances open . . . — — Map (db m181240) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Some Soldiers Refuse to Fight Shortly after opening fire on the village, 1st Regiment
soldiers moved along both sides of the village. Cpt. Soule
and Lt. Cramer led their men west, around the fighting,
and purposefully did not . . . — — Map (db m181873) HM
Captain Silas S. Soule and Lieutenant Joseph A. Cramer of the 1st Colorado (U.S.) Volunteer Cavalry put their military careers - and lives - at risk by refusing to fire during the attack against a peaceful Cheyenne and Arapaho village at
Sand . . . — — Map (db m180846) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
In the Cheyenne and Arapaho camps, the early hours of
November 29, 1864 started like any other day – people up
before sunrise greeted the day cautiously, but with little
trepidation. “Heap of Buffalos Coming!”
Always alert to . . . — — Map (db m180915) HM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
Though the Sand Creek Massacre has long passed, memories live on. Cheyenne and Arapaho return here to pray and pay tribute to ancestors who both perished and survived that dreadful day.
Ever resilient, the Cheyenne and Arapaho nations of today . . . — — Map (db m181060) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Women at Sand Creek
During the soldiers' attack, men in the village put up the
best defense they could. But displays of bravery were not
exclusive to warriors; many women risked their lives to
protect their families as well. . . . — — Map (db m181477) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Accountings of a Massacre
Captain Soule and Lieutenant Cramer put their lives
and careers in jeopardy when they refused to attack the
Cheyenne and Arapaho at Sand Creek. Both men wrote
letters detailing atrocities they . . . — — Map (db m184923) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
A Scene of a Tragedy, a Hallowed Landscape
As the final shots faded throughout the valley and
November 29 drew to a close, approximately 230
Cheyenne and Arapaho lay dead. Most of those
killed were women, children and the . . . — — Map (db m180954) HM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
"All we ask is that we may have peace with the whites...We want to take good tidings home to our people, that they may sleep in peace."
Cheyenne Chief Black Kettle
As tensions mounted, Chiefs Black Kettle and Left Hand pled . . . — — Map (db m181243) HM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
”Many years have passed. The land is still here. We lived here, our clans lived here. The land here is our home - we have come back home.”
Arapaho:
Wonoo3ei’i ceciniihi’ coowoo’ou’u. Nih’iine’etiino’ hiitiino. Neito’eininoo . . . — — Map (db m180923) HM
Near County Highway W just east of Chief White Antelope Way. Reported permanently removed.
"Many years have passed. The land is still here. We lived here, our clans lived here. The land here is our home - we have come back home."
Arapaho:
Wonoo3ei’i ceciniihi’ coowoo’ou’u. Nih’iine’etiino’ hiitiino. Neito’eininoo . . . — — Map (db m180924) HM WM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Sacred Memory
Sand Creek is a place where culture and history are at the
center of controversy, trauma, anger, and forgiveness. A
place to reflect on the past as well as the future, the Sand
Creek Massacre teaches powerful . . . — — Map (db m181063) HM WM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
In the aftermath of Sand Creek, federal investigations and military inquiry took place. Dozens of eyewitness' provided testimony. Taken in Washington, D.C., Denver City, Fort Lyon, and other locations, officers, soldiers, and civilians came forth. . . . — — Map (db m181061) HM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
A barrage of arms fire was leveled against the Cheyenne and Arapaho. Amid the wild confusion, soldiers noticed people at the village “... going slowly away in a sort of listless, and dazed, or confused manner ...” Throughout the morning and into the . . . — — Map (db m181242) HM
Near County Highway W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
3rd Regiment Attacks
Hearing gun fire from the vicinity of the village,
soldiers of the 3rd Regiment, approximately two
miles west of this location, disobeyed orders and
turned their horses toward the bluffs. Somewhere
in the . . . — — Map (db m181097) HM WM
Near County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
On November 29, 1864, U.S. Colonel John Chivington and 700 volunteer troops attacked an encampment of Cheyenne and Arapaho along Sand Creek. The thunderous approach of horses galloping toward camp at dawn sent hundreds fleeing from their tipis. Many . . . — — Map (db m180927) HM
Near County Road W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
Pony Herds Threatened
First to see soldiers approaching were two young men, King
Fisher and Little Bear, who were tending the horse herds
grazing to the south. In 1906, Little Bear described that
fateful day: “As I was . . . — — Map (db m181575) HM
On Unnamed entrance road north of County Road W, in the median.
We ran up the creek with the cavalry following us…The dry bed of the stream was now a terrible sight: men, women, and children lying thickly scattered on the sand, some dead and the rest too badly wounded to move… George . . . — — Map (db m290992) HM WM
Near County Road W east of Chief White Antelope Way.
The flag before you represents the flag that flew from Chief Black Kettle's lodge on the morning of November
29, 1864, when his encampment of friendly Cheyenne and Arapaho was brutally attacked by the Colorado
(U.S.) Volunteer Cavalry. The . . . — — Map (db m184925) HM
On County Road W 1.3 miles east of County Road 54. Reported permanently removed.
For years, Cheyenne and Arapaho traveled and hunted the Great Plains in the shadow of the Rocky Mountains. But in 1858, gold fever struck in Colorado Territory. Miners rushed in and tens of thousands of settlers followed. Competition for land . . . — — Map (db m181241) HM
Near E 15th Street (U.S. 287) 0.1 miles east of Maine Street, on the left when traveling east.
Sand Creek Massacre
National Historic Site
Sand Creek Massacre National Historic Site memorializes the massacre of nearly two hundred Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians.
Near dawn on November 29, 1864, detachments of the 1st . . . — — Map (db m107179) HM
On County Highway 250 0.5 miles east of U.S. 550, on the left when traveling east.
Captain Charles H. Baker, who discovered gold in the San Juan in 1860, led a party of prospectors to this area in 1861. They placer mined on El Rio de las Animas, built the first bridge (300 feet north), and established the town called Animas . . . — — Map (db m177471) HM
Near 4th Street (U.S. 287) west of 7th Avenue, on the right when traveling west.
Sand Creek Massacre
At dawn on the morning of November 29 I was still in bed when I heard shouts and the noise of people running about the camp. I jumped up and ran out of my lodge. From down the creek a large body of troops was . . . — — Map (db m107245) HM
On Grand Army of the Republic Highway (State Highway 6) at County Road 2.5, on the right when traveling east on Grand Army of the Republic Highway.
Due west 940 feet stood
“Fort Wicked"
Originally Godfrey’s Ranch
Famous Overland Stage Station
One of the few posts withstanding the Indian uprising of 1864 on the road to Colorado.
Named from the . . . — — Map (db m61998) HM
On Colorado Route 63 north of County Road 16, on the left when traveling north.
3 miles southeast from this point is the site of the Battle of Summit Springs
Last engagement with Plains Indians in Colorado, July 11, 1869. Cheyennes who raided western Kansas were attacked by General E. A. Carr with the Fifth U.S. Cavalry . . . — — Map (db m61997) HM
In November 1864, in southeastern Colorado, U.S. Volunteers troops attacked Black Kettle’s peaceful band of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek. In retaliation for the massacre and mutilation of 163 Cheyenne men, women, and children, Cheyenne warriors . . . — — Map (db m51217) HM
On US 550 Frontage Road just south of Uncompahgre Road, on the right when traveling south.
Following the Meeker Massacre of 1879 and the ambush of Major T.T.
Thornburgh's relief force, Colorado residents demanded the removal of
the Ute Indians. A treaty was signed, but the Uncompahgre Utes proved
defiant, and in July, 1880, the . . . — — Map (db m261621) HM
On US 550 Frontage Road just south of Uncompahgre Road, on the right when traveling south.
During the years 1880-1890, a U.S. military fort with over 32 buildings spread across the fields before you...
Tensions were high on the Western Slope of Colorado in 1879: white settlers had been trespassing on treaty-designated Ute . . . — — Map (db m261767) HM
Near Main Street (U.S. 50) at E. Beech Street, on the right when traveling north.
Location, Location, Location
Thousands of caravans used the Santa Fe Trail between 1821 and 1880. The trail clung close to the Arkansas River for hundreds of miles across the open plains. The Arkansas Valley offered gentle terrain . . . — — Map (db m106937) HM
Near County Highway 35.25 south of County Highway JJ.
I saw the American flag waving and heard Black Kettle
tell the Indians to stand around the flag. I also saw a
white flag raised. These...were in such a conspicuous
position they could not have been missed.
-Robert Bent, son of William . . . — — Map (db m181015) HM
Near Main Street at 6th Street, on the right when traveling west.
Following the Meeker Massacre, Gen. Wesley Merritt established at this site his “Camp on White River,” 1879. After withdrawal of the garrison in August, 1883, the town of Meeker was founded by the following pioneers: George S. Allsebrook, Charles . . . — — Map (db m163871) HM
On Main Street at 6th Street, on the right when traveling west on Main Street.
The Meeker area is rich in history — that of the Ute Indians, who were the first people in the area, and that of the white settlers who began homesteading, ranching, and farming here in the late 1800s. The county seat of Rio Blanco County, . . . — — Map (db m163889) HM
On Colorado Route 64 2 miles west of Loop Highway 13, on the left when traveling west.
This Native Granite Stoneerected by the citizens of Rio Blanco County, Colorado 1927 and dedicated to the memory of Nathan C. Meeker United States Indian Agentwho, with his government employees, was massacred by the Ute Indians . . . — — Map (db m163886) HM
On County Road 15 (County Route 15) north of County Route 51, on the left.
Dedicated to the Ute Indians who were involved in the Battle of Milk Creek
Ute Indian Tribe of Utah
29 September 1879
Let us not forget the Whiteriver Utes who gave their lives and those who were
wounded in the battle at Milk Creek on . . . — — Map (db m277260) HM WM
On West 1st Street (U.S. 34) at Custer Avenue, on the left when traveling west on West 1st Street.
1865 Indian War In November 1864, in southeastern Colorado, U.S. Volunteer troops attacked Black Kettle's peaceful band of Cheyenne Indians at Sand Creek. In retaliation for the massacre and mutilation of 163 Cheyenne men, women, and children, . . . — — Map (db m199956) HM
Troops H & I, 10th Calvary, Buffalo Soldiers, were dispatched from what is now, Cheyenne Wells, Co. Troop H arrived on September 25, 1868 to the relief of the Forsyth Scouts, who were known to be in danger of total annihilation by a . . . — — Map (db m131269) HM WM
On U.S. 34 at County Highway J, on the right when traveling west on U.S. 34.
In September 1868 fifty civilian scouts left Fort Wallace, Kansas, to fight Cheyenne and Sioux warriors, on the theory that experienced frontiersmen could defeat any enemy force. On September 17 the scouts approached the Arikaree River, . . . — — Map (db m201049) HM
On Palisado Avenue (Connecticut Route 159) at North Meadow Road, on the right when traveling north on Palisado Avenue.
Major John Mason
Born 1600 in England
Immigrated to New England in 1630
A founder of Windsor, Old Saybrook and Norwich
Magistrate and Chief Military Officer of the Connecticut Colony
Deputy Governor and Acting Governor
A patentee of the . . . — — Map (db m306429) HM WM
On College Street east of Bridge Street ( Route 154) when traveling west.
Native Peoples
Fort Saybrook Monument Park consists of nearly 18 acres, about 11 of which are marshland, and borders the Connecticut River called by Native Americans "quineteckut" or "long, tidal river." Prior to the arrival of Europeans in . . . — — Map (db m227286) HM
400 Feet due East of
this tablet
was the site of the first home of
Israel Putnam
in the Colony of Connecticut
In 1739, he bought 514 ½ acres of the adjacent land
from Governor Belcher at £5.0.0 per acre.
In 1740, here he came . . . — — Map (db m124379) HM
On Jewish War Veterans Memorial Highway (Interstate 95) 0.5 miles east of Mystic Street ( Route 614), on the right when traveling east.
Prior to 1800 the Mystic River Valley was a sparsely settled region. The population depended upon agriculture for subsistence and occasionally profit. The leading historical event during the colonial period had been the defeat and the near . . . — — Map (db m226772) HM
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