Side 1
Third oldest county in Alabama.
Created in 1809 while still part
of Mississippi Territory.
Named for Abraham Baldwin (1754-1807)
founder of University of Georgia,
delegate to Constitutional Convention, . . . — — Map (db m100839) HM
(East Face):
Tribute dedicated to the memory of the soldiers who gave their lives in the defense of our country here at Fort Morgan.
Here lies the pride of seven flags entombed in our ancestor’s worth, who heard the thunder of the fray . . . — — Map (db m4649) HM
William Bartram, America’s first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Baldwin County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain’s King . . . — — Map (db m81855) HM
Here on the banks of the Tensaw River -- named for the Tensa Indian tribe whose principal village was located at this place -- Major Robert Farmar developed a plantation c. 1772. Farmar was one of the most prominent and controversial Alabamians of . . . — — Map (db m66380) HM
Front
William Bartram, America's first great naturalist, passed through northwest Butler County in July 1775. He described the "limestone rocks" and "banks of various kinds of sea shells" left by oceans that covered this area millions of . . . — — Map (db m120937) HM
A flourishing, ancient town of the Muscogee Indians known as Ocfuskooche Tallahassee (Old Town) stood on this site. English traders from Charles Town visited it about 1685. A trail known as "Old Horse Path" led from this village to the Tallapoosa. . . . — — Map (db m36315) HM
First church building of record in Clarke County.
Erected here in 1810 by John French of Virginia,
who organized Methodist congregation here 1811.
Combined with Gainestown Church 1897. — — Map (db m101575) HM
William Bartram, America’s first native born artist-naturalist, passed through Clarke County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain’s King George . . . — — Map (db m101568) HM
The De Soto Trail
Hernando De Soto in Alabama
Hernando de Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto . . . — — Map (db m114373) HM
For a few months between 1811—1818 the nationally infamous highwayman, Joseph Thompson Hare, operated with his gang along the Federal Road. They headquartered at Turk's Cave near Brooklyn in Conecuh County. In his confession he referred to the . . . — — Map (db m81282) HM
Waist-high grasses billowing in the
wind. Rolling prairie expanses. Most
people connect these images with the Midwest's Great Plains. But for
thousands of years, tallgrass
soils of Alabama's Black Belt. Along
prairie—25 miles across . . . — — Map (db m112692) HM
Colony’s north boundary
crossed present-day
Alabama - Mississippi
at this point on 32° 28’
by edict of British king.
Colony extended south to Gulf.
France had ceded area in 1763.
Spain invaded, seized area in . . . — — Map (db m37644) HM
Hernando De Soto brought his 700-man army to Alabama in the fall of 1540. This was the first major European expedition to the interior of the southeastern United States. The De Soto expedition had landed at Tampa Bay, Florida, in the spring of . . . — — Map (db m213362) HM
1492 - Columbus visits Caribbean islands
1519 - Pineda visits Mobile area
1528 - Narváez reaches Mobile area
1540 - De Soto explores Alabama
1559 - De Luna retraces De Soto's route in Alabama
1702 - French establish first . . . — — Map (db m213363) HM
William Bartram, America’s first native born artist-naturalist, passed through Elmore County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. In 1776 the appointed botanist of Britain’s King . . . — — Map (db m69431) HM
William Bartram, the first native-born American artist-naturalist, of Philadelphia, visited this site on Christmas Day, 1776.
This arboretum commerates (sic) the man, his visit to Fort Toulouse, and his travels through the southeastern . . . — — Map (db m83726) HM
In the summer of 1784 William Jones and his two young sons were among a group of families from Georgia making their way through this area following the Old High Town Path. They camped here near a large spring and planned to continue their journey . . . — — Map (db m156371) HM
Named for Revolutionary hero,
General Nathaniel Greene,
who drove British from Southeast.
Area explored by DeSoto, 1540.
Claimed as French Louisiana, 1699.
Ceded to England, 1763.
Ceded by Choctaw Nation, 1816.
Made a territorial . . . — — Map (db m37962) HM
The frontier village of Franklin was established here by Colonel Robert Irwin in 1814 on the site of the Indian town of Cheeska Talofa. It was the first colonial village in east Alabama. Fort Gaines, Georgia, was constructed in 1816 to protect the . . . — — Map (db m71844) HM
William M. and Evan Hale built this home on the 400 acres purchased by Gardner Hale in 1862. The Hales descended from two signers of the Mayflower compact, 1620. Purchased in 1993 by Carlo and Dianne Joseph, it was placed on the Alabama Register of . . . — — Map (db m28487) HM
The Oakville Indian Mounds Museum is based on a seven sided Cherokee council house. This type of council house was used during the cooler months and an open sided rectangular pavilion during warmer weather. The descriptions used for the museum's . . . — — Map (db m84314) HM
Northern Boundary of:
British W. Florida 1764-83
Spanish W. Florida 1783-95
Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804
Washington County 1800-12
Clarke County 1812-15
Southern Boundary of:
British Illinois 1764-83
United States . . . — — Map (db m73532) HM
Historic Homes
The majority of older homes in Mooresville were built a the end of the "Federal" period (roughly 1790-1830) and incorporated elements of the architecture prevalent at this time. Typically, a Federal-style house is a simple . . . — — Map (db m189568) HM
William Bartram, America's first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Macon County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain's King George . . . — — Map (db m99676) HM
Catholicism was first introduced to this
region in 1540 by the priests who accompanied
Hernando DeSoto. Napoleonic exiles of the
Vine and Olive Colony held religious services
and attempted to establish a Catholic mission
in Demopolis in 1817. . . . — — Map (db m37994) HM
(English)
Site of
Old Mobile
Fort Louis de la Louisiane
Founded 1702 by
Pierre Le Moyne d’Iberville
Under orders of Louis XIV
First Capital of French Louisiana
1702-1711
(French)
Site de
Vieux Mobile
Fort . . . — — Map (db m70588) HM
Marks 1st Southern Boundary of the United States and the Mississippi Territory created in 1798
-----900 feet East-----
Stone marked 31° North Latitude separating the U.S. & Spanish Florida.
This line of demarcation ran from the . . . — — Map (db m104073) HM
The first and only replica of the Crown & Scepter of Queen Isabella and casks of earth from her place of birth, Madrical, Old Castile, and her place of interment, the Basilica at Granada, reside here, gifts from her beloved Granada. The originals . . . — — Map (db m154246) HM
Adventurer Soldier Dreamer. The first to bring the influence of Spain, its laws, its culture to Alabama. This is an original concept in stone of DeSoto. Vicinte Rodilla Zanón of Valencia • Sculptor 1967 • — — Map (db m154241) HM
Since colonial rulers were unable to attract large numbers of settlers to Mobile, the Port City’s population remained small and never grew above 500. Because the majority of Mobile’s population was military personnel, the city was built around the . . . — — Map (db m87207) HM
“Columbus, I lent you my jewels so you could buy your ships: the only ornaments I have are the violets from the hills.” This statue, a gift from the Spanish Cultural Institute, stood in the Spanish Pavilion at the New York World’s Fair. . . . — — Map (db m154242) HM
On this site stood the home of Mayor Samuel H. Garrow, where the Marquis de Lafayette was entertained on his visit to Mobile, April 7, 1825. Lafayette, French officer, statesman, and hero of the American Revolution, visited the United States as . . . — — Map (db m86420) HM
Established 1819 by city of Mobile for yellow fever victims. Buried in raised tombs are Spanish and French citizens of early Mobile, and many pioneer Americans. — — Map (db m86409) HM
Spain came first to our shores in 1519, and her maps gave first to the world knowledge of our lands — Piñeda, De Soto, and then Gálvez. Returning in 1780, she conquered, and wise and benign, ruled for thirty-three years this city, whose . . . — — Map (db m149975) HM
A la gloire de
Pierre Le Moyne D'Iberville,
le heros dela baie d'Hudson,
de Terre-Neuve et de Nevis,
qui fonda en 1702
Mobile
premiere ville de la Louisiane Française.
————
Ne a Montréal en . . . — — Map (db m86490) HM
This ruin is a vestige of the second Fort Conde. Built by the French in 1723 and later occupied by the British, Spanish, and the Americans, these foundations are the only architectural remains of Colonial Mobile. — — Map (db m117253) HM
Spain, America's ally, declared war on Great Britain in June 1779. Bernardo de Galvez, governor of Spanish Louisiana at New Orleans, led the attack against the British along the lower Mississippi River and Gulf Coast. In February 1780, Galvez laid . . . — — Map (db m86355) HM
Patterned after forts designed by French military engineer Sebastian Le Pestre de Vauban, Fort Condé protected Mobile and its citizens for nearly 100 years from 1723-1820. Built by the French as a defense against British and Spanish attack, the . . . — — Map (db m160801) HM
Piache, an Indian town visited by DeSoto in 1540 was near here.
DeLuna made a settlement here, Nanipacna in 1560.
Fort Claiborne was erected on the south bluff, in 1813.
LaFayette was entertained here, 1825.
. . . — — Map (db m47639) HM
Here at the Indian village of Encanchata, future site of Montgomery, Col. John Tate, last British agent to the Muscogee Nation, recruited and drilled Creek warriors in 1780 to relieve Tories in Augusta, Ga. being besieged by American patriots. — — Map (db m71373) HM
Here on May 24, 1703, Alabama Indians ambushed the first French explorers from Mobile, killing three and wounding two critically. The Indians were armed and were used as pawns by British agents from Carolina in the European struggle for dominion . . . — — Map (db m67999) HM
William Bartram, American's first native born artist - naturalist, passed through Russell County during the Revolutionary era, making the first scientific notations of its flora, fauna and inhabitants. As the appointed botanist of Britain's King . . . — — Map (db m164144) HM
Coweta served as a critical place of interaction between Creeks and Europeans throughout
the colonial era. Situated at the intersection of regional trading routes and the claims
of expanding Spanish, English and French colonial empires, it became . . . — — Map (db m101334) HM
The Colonial Courthouse
This building is inspired by the Courthouse at Williamsburg, Virginia, built in 1770. The County Court heard petty crimes and civil cases such as debtors’ disputes with creditors from abusive masters. Serious capital . . . — — Map (db m101501) HM
(side 1)
The Liberty Bell was commissioned November 1, 1751, to commemorate the 50th anniversary of William Penn’s Charter of Privileges for his Pennsylvania colony. The radical charter granted religious liberty to persecuted faiths, . . . — — Map (db m101506) HM
American colonists cherished Liberty as their birthright. On July 4, 1776, the Continental Congress adopted the Declaration of Independence, declaring, "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed . . . — — Map (db m101503) HM
(side 1)
The Lucille Ryals Thompson Colonial Chapel
Inspired by Bruton Parish Church of Williamsburg, Virginia, it was named to honor Lucille Ryals Thompson. The Chapel was built in thanksgiving for God’s blessings on America, and . . . — — Map (db m101505) HM
(side 1)
The President's Oval Office
In this building is a full-scale replica of the White House Oval Office.
When John and Abigail Adams first moved into The White House in 1800, it contained three oval rooms, inspired by . . . — — Map (db m101531) HM
(side 1)
Washington Hall
The exterior of the hall is inspired by George Washington's beloved Mount Vernon. It has beveled-edge block walls. When mixed with paint and sand it gives the appearance of stone masonry, a process called . . . — — Map (db m101504) HM
Northern Boundary of:
British W. Florida 1764-83
Spanish W. Florida 1783-95
Mississippi Territory: 1798-1804
Washington County 1800-12
Clarke County 1812-15
Southern Boundary of:
British Illinois 1764-83
United States . . . — — Map (db m89725) HM
(Side A) Historical records indicate that DeSoto and his men, as they traveled the South in search of gold, were the first white men to see the Lincoln area. With the ceding of the Creek Indian Territory in 1837, the population of the . . . — — Map (db m33282) HM
Built in 1735 by British from Carolina in futile attempt to gain trade of the Creek Indians from the French, located at Fort Toulouse, 40 mi. S. Okfuskee was the largest town in Creek Confederacy. — — Map (db m22232) HM
Spanish soldiers may have fired from this very site during the infamous “massacre” of 1805. Their Navajo targets were huddled in the alcove below and to the left. Spanish accounts describe a day-long battle against Indians . . . — — Map (db m170547) HM
Eusebio Francisco Kino Egregio Civilizador de la Pimeria Para mantener viva su memoria y fortalecer la amistad y la comprensión entre nuestros dos estados, Sonora donó ésta estatua a Arizona, en agosto de 1967, siendo gobernadores, . . . — — Map (db m92588) HM
Memorial to Francisco Garcés, explorer and first Franciscan missionary to the Pima village at the foot of Sentinel Peak. In 1770 Garcés and the Pimas constructed at that site the first substantial building in Tucson, a mission residence with two . . . — — Map (db m83034) HM
This site contains the ruins of Mission Los Santos Angeles de Guevavi, first established by Father Eusebio Francisco Kino in 1691. The property was donated to The Archaeological Conservancy for a permanent Archaeological Preserve by Ralph Wingfield . . . — — Map (db m132642) HM
Captain Juan Bautista de Anza, son and grandson of Presidial Captains of New Spain, was commander of the Tubac Presidio from 1759 to 1775, the year in which he lead an overland expedition to California to found San Francisco. In 1777 he became . . . — — Map (db m132594) HM
Across the Colorado River is "Indian Hill," the site of La Purisima Concepcion mission. Built in 1780 by Spanish explorers, it was destroyed in 1781 when native Quechans revolted, killing all European males. Nothing is left of that structure. Today . . . — — Map (db m158369) HM
While the American Revolution brewed on the Atlantic Coast, Spain expanded its New World empire to protect California against the British and Russians. In 1774, Juan Bautista de Anza, commander of the Royal Presidio of Tubac, successfully explored . . . — — Map (db m158299) HM
During his 1774 exploratory trip, Anza made friends with Chief Olleyquotequiebe (Anza called him “Palma”) of the Quechan Indians, who controlled the river crossing. The Quechans welcomed the 1775 colonizing expedition and supplied . . . — — Map (db m158365) HM
The United States and several European powers vied for control of the lower Mississippi Valley. Arkansas Post was the key to that control.
In 1541 Hernando de Soto explored the territory which is now Arkansas. Sieur de La Salle further . . . — — Map (db m108647) HM
In 1763 the Post of Arkansas became
Spanish territory when, by the Treaty of
Paris, the French King ceded Louisiana
to Spain. For several years after the
transfer, French officers and soldiers
remained at Arkansas Post.
In 1771 the . . . — — Map (db m108551) HM
1541 - When Desoto brought his Spanish conquistadores to this area in 1541, he found an industrious Caddo Indian tribe who inhabited and enjoyed the area that was later to become Miller County, Arkansas. Along the Red River the Caddo farmed, . . . — — Map (db m173500) HM
Development In 1682, one hundred and forty years after Hernando de Soto and his conquistadors searched for treasure in the vast regions west of the Mississippi River, the French explorer, LaSalle, claimed all the land, resources and peoples of . . . — — Map (db m155192) HM
President Thomas Jefferson learned Spain had ceded the Louisiana Territory back to France in early 1801. Fearing Napoleon would close the Mississippi to American trade, the President sent Ambassador Robert Livingston to Paris (September, 1801) to . . . — — Map (db m155195) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza by decree of Carlos III of Spain led an expedition to this site – The mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area.
In the center of the marker is a circular motif, designed by Doris Birkland . . . — — Map (db m26459) HM
In 1767, when our yet to be united nation felt the stirrings of revolution, freedom-loving colonists carved and erected the first “Liberty Pole”. It served as a rallying point for those who opposed the British imposed Stamp Act. . . . — — Map (db m65843) HM
Lt. Colonel Juan Bautista de Anza by Decree of Carlo III of Spain led an expedition near this site — the mission being to colonize the San Francisco Bay Area
In the center of the marker is a circular motif, designed by Doris Birkland . . . — — Map (db m24728) HM
In 1772, Don Pedro Fages, first recorded non-Indian to visit the southern San Joaquin Valley, crossed this spot on his way from San Diego to San Luis Obispo. Near this point crossed Father José María de Zalvidea in 1806, while accompanying the Ruiz . . . — — Map (db m54266) HM
At the time of the first Spanish settlement in California in 1769, the native Pomo had inhabited Lake County for at least 10,000 years. When Mexico became independent of Spain in 1822, secularization af the Mission system provided rich land grants . . . — — Map (db m144283) HM
This is a fourth generation of the elm tree under which General
George Washington took command of the Continental Army on July 8, 1775;
and the Declaration of Independence was first read to the people of Cambridge, Massachusetts. — — Map (db m164425) HM
Bay of Smokes reflect the historical, cultural, and natural elements of the Long Beach area. San Pedro Bay, discovered in 1542 by Joao Rodriquez Cabrillo, a native of Portugal serving the Spanish Crown under Fernando Cortez carried its name "Bay . . . — — Map (db m189653) HM
All California State Parks must have either unique physical or historical assets. In 2000, the fate of this State Park hung partially on the question of whether physical traces of history could really be found here. The game-changing evidence was . . . — — Map (db m164332) HM
The oldest building in the city, the adobe was the home of Don Francisco Avila, mayor (alcalde) of Los Angeles in 1810. After his first wife died, Avila married Encarnacion Sepulveda in 1822. He died ten years later. In 1847, during the . . . — — Map (db m163114) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Manuel Camero came from Acaponeta, Nayarit, and María Tomasa García came from . . . — — Map (db m162793) HM
Without the determined effort of Christine Sterling and a handful of supporters, the birthplace of the City of Los Angeles would have been lost forever. By 1900 the city center had moved south, leaving the old plaza area to deteriorate. Finally, in . . . — — Map (db m162598) HM
The Franciscans arrived from México in 1769 led by Fr. Junipero Serra who founded California Missions from San Diego to Sonoma. This trail was known as “El Camino Real” (the King’s Highway). The “El Camino Real Bells” were originally placed . . . — — Map (db m162931) HM
In 1781, on the orders of King Carlos III of Spain, Felipe de Neve selected a site near the River Porciuncula and laid out the town of El Pueblo de la Reina de Los Angeles, one of two Spanish pueblos he founded in Alta California.
. . . — — Map (db m162735) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
José Fernando de Velasco Lara came from Cadiz, Spain, and his wife, María Antonia . . . — — Map (db m162801) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Antonio Mesa and his wife, María Ana Gertrudis López came from Alamos, Sonora. . . . — — Map (db m162806) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
José Moreno and his wife, María Guadalupe Pérez, came from Rosario, Sinaloa. José . . . — — Map (db m162803) HM
Known as the “finest hotel in Southern California,” the Pico House boasted “bathrooms and water closets for both sexes” on each floor. Pio Pico, the last governor of Mexican California, sold his land in the San Fernando . . . — — Map (db m162865) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Luis Quintero came from Guadalajara, Jalisco, and his wife, María Petra Rubio came . . . — — Map (db m162808) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Pablo Rodríguez came from Real de Santa Rosa, Jalisco, and his wife, María Rosalia . . . — — Map (db m162807) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Basilio Rosas came from Nombre de Dios, Durango, and his wife, Maria Manuela . . . — — Map (db m162859) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Alejandro Rosas, son of Basilio Rosas and Manuela Hernández, married Juana Maria . . . — — Map (db m162861) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
In 1542, Captain Juan Rodríguez Cabrillo “discovered” California while . . . — — Map (db m162879) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
The names of the eleven founders of Los Angeles, originally known as El Pueblo de la . . . — — Map (db m162787) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
The Los Angeles pueblo encompassed a square of about five and a half miles on each . . . — — Map (db m162882) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
José Vanegas came from Real de Bolaños, Jalisco, and his wife María Bonifanta . . . — — Map (db m162864) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
Antonio Feliz Clemente Villavicencio was from the city of Chihuahua and his wife . . . — — Map (db m162867) HM
The Founders of the City of Los Angeles Lara · Mesa · Moreno · Rosas · Camero · Rosas · Navarro · Villavicencio · Rodriguez · Quintero · Vanegas
The village of Yangna is most closely associated with the founding of Los . . . — — Map (db m162868) HM
Through this spot flowed the Zanja Madre (Mother Ditch) which channeled the waters of the Los Angeles River to the citizens
of Los Angeles for 123 years, 1781-1904. — — Map (db m133400) HM
This church is a replica of Christ Church in Boston, long known
as Old North. It is a memorial to the early American patriots who
offered their lives and fortunes in the cause of liberty. Henry
Wadsworth Longfellow immortalized Paul Revere and . . . — — Map (db m212622) HM
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