The Longoria family were among the initial Spanish settlers to arrive in this region in the mid-1700s. Juan Rosas Longoria and Maria Salome Cano were among the men and women who founded permanent communities such as the Villa de Reynosa, . . . — — Map (db m164593) HM
The last land engagement of the Civil War was fought near this site on May 12-13, 1865, thirty-four days after Robert E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox.
Col. Theodore H. Barrett commanded Federal troops on Brazos Island 12 miles to the east. . . . — — Map (db m35271) HM
In May 1846 when war was declared against Mexico, the U.S. Congress authorized the raising of 50,000 volunteer troops to supplement the regular U.S. Army. General Zachary Taylor was quickly inundated with volunteer soldiers arriving at Brazos . . . — — Map (db m35287) HM
English:
Built in 1882 by S.W. Brooks and designed by J.N. Preston & Son, this was the first courthouse built for Cameron County. It has continuously housed the Masonic Lodge since 1914. It was built in the Second Renaissance Revival . . . — — Map (db m117944) HM
This classically styled public building has been central for Cameron County government for nearly a century. Texas and Mexico both claimed this area after 1836. The Texas Legislature created Cameron County in 1848, even before the land was . . . — — Map (db m118643) HM
English:
Built in 1912 by the Gross Construction Company and designed by
Atlee B. Ayres in the Classic Revival style, it served as the main Cameron County jail for 66 years until the new jail was built in 1978.
Two sections were added . . . — — Map (db m117895) HM
Originally built as a three-story structure in 1912, this building, Cameron County's second jailhouse, was enlarged with the addition of a 4th floor about 1929. The 1912 structure was designed by prominent architect Atlee B. Ayers and the 1929 . . . — — Map (db m117886) HM
If I had with me $100,000 in silver I would have bet the whole of it that no 10,000 men could have driven us from our positions. Mexico - Romulo Diaz de la Vega, general
The [Mexicans] had taken up a position...at a . . . — — Map (db m221152) HM
During the Civil War, African American soldiers of the United States Colored Troops (U.S.C.T.) fought in the last battle of the war at Palmito Ranch on May 11, 1865. During reconstruction, Buffalo Soldiers were stationed at Fort Brown and many sites . . . — — Map (db m223357) HM
English:
Built 1877-1890 for Manuel Alonso, the Alonso Building (Los Dos Cañones) has wrought iron railings and doors reminiscent of French Creole architecture.
It was one of several buildings built by immigrants from Spain. The first . . . — — Map (db m118522) HM
Spanish-born Manuel Alonso (1846-1922) constructed the one-story residence on this site in 1877 and added the two-story mercantile building by 1890. His "Los Dos Cañones" mercantile was a popular gathering place for local residents. French and . . . — — Map (db m118520) HM
Civil War "Sister Cities" across the river in neutral Mexico, were linked to Texas by a ferry which landed here.
Ferry hauled to Matamoros the Confederate cotton brought from East Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas to Brownsville in Matamoros, many . . . — — Map (db m223463) HM
(English)
Built in 1911 by the architectural firm H.C. Cooke & Co., for Pauline Bollack, a German immigrant from Bavaria, this three story structure has an attractive ornate façade. At the time, it was one of the largest buildings in town . . . — — Map (db m128843) HM
Who owned Texas, and where was the border?
President James Polk thought he had settled these questions when he announced that the United States would annex Texas in 1845. Polk proclaimed the Rio Grande was the south boundary of Texas. . . . — — Map (db m221194) HM
[English]
Who owned Texas, and where was the border?
President James Polk thought he had settled these questions when he announced that the United States would annex Texas in 1845. Polk proclaimed the Rio Grande was the south boundary of . . . — — Map (db m182242) HM
Built in 1888 by architect S.W. Brooks as his personal residence, this house is a surviving example of a wooden I-plan house. At the time of its completion, the house's mix of Victorian era stick and shingle styles was considered modern. It was . . . — — Map (db m223576) HM
A major center of activity for Confederacy. Chief depot for war material and supplies imported from Europe through neutral port of Bagdad, Mexico. Terminus of Cotton Road, point of entry and departure for important personages of South in intercourse . . . — — Map (db m220710) HM
Founder of Brownsville and partner in firm of M. Kenedy and Company, which opened the Rio Grande to steamboat navigation and controlled much of the commerce of Northern Mexico, 1848-1868.
This house, erected about 1850,
was the birthplace of . . . — — Map (db m117849) HM
Ferry service along this stretch of the Rio Grande evolved as population in the area increased. In 1836, General Jose Urrea used rowboats at the Paso Real ferry near the later site of Fort Brown en route to Goliad. General Vicente Filisola used . . . — — Map (db m165671) HM
In 1925, Louis and Inez (Grider) Brulay contracted with prominent Brownsville architect E. Guy Holliday to design a house within the city's first suburb. Louis Brulay was the son of George Brulay, a French native who owned and operated the . . . — — Map (db m221297) HM
Created February 12, 1848
From Nueces County
Organized August 7, 1848
Named in Honor of Ewen Cameron 1811-1843 Captain in the Mier Expedition Shot at Queretaro County Seat, Santa Rita 1848-1849 Brownsville, Since the Earliest Battles of . . . — — Map (db m220711) HM
Created February 12, 1848
Since 1535 men of all nations of the earth sailed
the blue waters of the Gulf of Mexico to the green
valley of the Rio Grande in search of happiness,
and each found it in his own time and in his own way. . . . — — Map (db m118636) HM
[English] Built in 1912 by the Gross Construction Company and designed by the eminent architect Atlee B. Ayres. Classical Revival in style, this building features exterior terra-cotta detailing. The interior is marked by Sullivanesque details . . . — — Map (db m195578) HM
Completed in 1883, this was the first courthouse built by Cameron County officials, who previously rented or purchased office space. This three-story brick structure served as the county courthouse until 1914, when a new building was erected. Rio . . . — — Map (db m117935) HM
Planned as all of block 144 of the original townsite in 1848 and active by 1852, Campo Santo Viejo was the first official cemetery in Brownsville.
The city abandoned the site in 1864, but burials continued into the 1870s.
The property was . . . — — Map (db m117901) HM
Built in 1868, it served as barracks until World War I, when it served as a quartermaster warehouse/commissary. Closed after World War II, it was leased by private industry until purchased by the junior college. The one-story brick structure has an . . . — — Map (db m223455) HM
I was anxious to charge because the cannon fire was tearing at our ranks. I ordered General Anastacio Torrejón to attack from the left with the greater part of our cavalry, expecting to open the way for a second . . . — — Map (db m182248) HM
(English)
Built circa 1850 for J.N. Reynolds, the original French Creole architectural elements have been removed.
The building was purchased in 1890 by Simón Celaya, a native of Balmaceda, Spain. He used the building as headquarters for . . . — — Map (db m119397) HM
[English] Built in 1928, designed by Ben Proctor, the Italian Renaissance Revival style building contains some elements of the Spanish Colonial Revival style such as the hipped roof and parapet. It was Brownsville's first freestanding fire . . . — — Map (db m195620) HM
At 2 p.m. U.S. troops arrived at the waterhole of Palo Alto, as Mexican troops spread out on the prairie, cutting the road … Our goal … was to prevent the Americans from lifting the siege we had imposed on . . . — — Map (db m182602) HM
Built before 1914, this commercial building served in turn as the Park Hotel and then as the Plaza Hotel. Later, the building housed several retail stores. In 1987, the City of Brownsville remodeled the building for office use and provided a new . . . — — Map (db m195618) HM
Built in 1868 as the commanding officer's residence, it was moved to its current location in 2007 and restored late 2009. This locale hosted visiting dignitaries such as Gen. John J. Pershing and Charles A. Lindberg, and served as the home for the . . . — — Map (db m223084) HM
Built circa 1904, as a commissary for Fort Brown, it had a basement, main floor, loading platform and attic. The iron bars on the windows were a part of the original design to prevent theft. From 1913 to 1944, the U.S. Army used the building as a . . . — — Map (db m223446) HM
A fine example of late Nineteenth Century South Texas commercial architecture, this building was constructed in 1893 to house the expanding grocery and mercantile, retail and wholesale business of Don Andres Cueto (1862-1927), a native of Spain. "La . . . — — Map (db m195579) HM
Physician, Sanitary Engineer, President of the American Medical Association, Surgeon General of the U.S. Army.
William Crawford Gorgas, born in Mobile, Alabama in 1854. Graduated from Bellevue Medical College in New York. Entered the Army . . . — — Map (db m223143) HM
If you were an American of Hispanic descent during the Civil War, which side would you choose?
Your answer might depend on status, wealth, livelihood, or location. Altogether, more than 20,000 Hispanic soldiers fought in the Civil War. Many were . . . — — Map (db m164601) HM
Built 1906-1912 in the Market Square district, it is one of the few remaining buildings that composed the core of Market Square. This commercial building at one time housed the Park Hotel in its two upper floors, while the first floor was . . . — — Map (db m195616) HM
María Estéfana Goseascochea de Cavazos y de Cortina established this burial ground on her property by the mid-1800s. Doña Estéfana, as she was known, was a large landowner and matriarch of noted pioneer families in south Texas. Born in Ciudad . . . — — Map (db m220994) HM
You are currently standing north of the core battlefield area. To listen to the historical narrative of the battle and learn more about ongoing preservation efforts of the cultural and natural resources located in this National Historic Landmark, . . . — — Map (db m164595) HM
I tried to rise, but I had already grown so weak with my wound that I was unable and I fell back exhausted...a wounded Mexican call[ed] out to me ‘Bueno Americano’...Two hours after, I had the pleasure of shaking some of my comrades by the hand, . . . — — Map (db m221161) HM
Father Pierre Yves Keralum was born in France in 1817, and worked as both a cabinetmaker and an architect before entering the seminary at the age of 28.
In 1852 he was ordained an Oblate of Mary Immaculate (O.M.I.) and sent to deep south Texas . . . — — Map (db m119431) HM
Built 1850 by Wm. C. Douglas, who arrived with Gen. Zachary Taylor during Mexican War.
In 1852 by order of U. S. Congress, first Federal Court in Brownsville was held in back room here by Judge John Watrous.
Recorded Texas . . . — — Map (db m202024) HM
(English)
Established 1880-1894 by Miguel Fernandez, a wealthy Spanish merchant, this was a bone and hide yard built to cater to the Texas Gulf Coast cattle industry. Built in the Border Brick style, it is one of the few remaining . . . — — Map (db m119297) HM
English: Built 1893-1894 for Henry M. Field, the commercial and residential complex covers half a block. The two-story gallery, spindle cornice and railings indicate that the building is a mix of Border Brick style and French Creole . . . — — Map (db m131197) HM
English: This complex, which includes several buildings, was built in the late 19th century by H.M. Field. Andres Pacheco purchased the site in 1919. The corner store – residence is an excellent example of the Spanish colonial . . . — — Map (db m131199) HM
Built in 1927 by the Kelwood Company, the Gothic Revival style church features Gothic arches and windows, an irregularly arranged tower and bays. The church's bell was donated in 1876 by Captain Richard King who married Henrietta, Rev. Hiram . . . — — Map (db m221401) HM
This church organized by the Rev. Hiram Chamberlain and 19 charter members in 1850, is Brownsville's oldest Presbyterian congregation. Services were held on a river boat and in several sanctuaries before this structure was built by the San Antonio . . . — — Map (db m221399) HM
Oldest permanent fort in Texas called Fort Taylor in March, 1846 Later renamed in honor of Major Jacob Brown killed here in May, 1846 Permanent post established, 1849 Evacuated by Federal troops in 1861; by Confederates, 1863 Reoccupied by . . . — — Map (db m222837) HM
Morgue and linen storage. 1867 Fort Brown buildings 85 and 86. Brick fringe, cornice.
Autopsies in yellow fever study were made here by Dr. Wm. C. Gorgas, Capt. Hennessey, Lt. Crowder, Dr. Melon, defying orders of superior officer. Dr. Gorgas . . . — — Map (db m223152) HM
This building, associated with the rebuilding of Fort Brown after the Civil War, housed Cavalry units until World War I, when it served as a quartermaster warehouse and commissary. Closed after World War II, the building was leased by private . . . — — Map (db m223456) HM
The (Fort Brown) Commissary and Guardhouse building was constructed in 1904 as a replacement for the original Fort guardhouse. The main floor contained a guardroom and offices as well as a gun rack room and cell room. The basement is noted for the . . . — — Map (db m223358) HM
Constructed in 1905 to serve as a food storage facility, this building was abandoned one year later when Fort Brown was closed. Upon reactivation of the post during Mexican border disturbances, the building served as a guardhouse and jail. Among . . . — — Map (db m223452) HM
Named by Gen. Zachary Taylor during Mexican War for Maj. Jacob Brown, who died in 1846 defending the post. Permanent 385-acre reservation laid out 1848 by Col Wm. Davenport, around original earthworks.
Young officers in the Taylor occupancy . . . — — Map (db m222880) HM
Frank Rabb (1866-1932) was born in Corpus Christi to Texas ranching pioneers John and Martha Rabb. After marrying Lillian Starck, granddaughter of ranching neighbor Mifflin Kenedy, Frank and Lillian settled at San Tomas on 20,000 acres. Except for . . . — — Map (db m165625) HM
The chaparral was so thick that the troops had to use pickaxes just to clear a spot to stand and our own officers could not locate each other or their troops without reaching out and touching them. Mexico - Campaña contra los . . . — — Map (db m221174) HM
Built in 1867 by architect and builder Martin Hanson, the Gothic Revival style house served as his family residence. Prominent features include the decorative trim and the arched gallery across the main facade. Mr. Hanson served as a city . . . — — Map (db m223571) HM
Merchant and Brownsville native Frederick Hicks and his second wife, social worker Zuleika Banton Blackshear of Dublin, Texas, built this house circa 1909. Three years later they sold the house to Harry and Nellie Moler, who lived here eight years. . . . — — Map (db m221296) HM
Edgar and Goldye Hicks bought this property from the Brownsville Land and Investment Co. in 1908. Their house was one of the first built in west Brownsville, the first subdivision outside the original townsite. The Queen Anne style house features a . . . — — Map (db m221295) HM
The Brownsville Historic
Battlefield Trail stretches for
almost-10 linear miles from
the Mitte Cultural District and
Southern Linear Park at the
southern end to the Palo Alto
Battlefield National Historical
Park to the north. The . . . — — Map (db m164690) HM
The 124th Cavalry Regiment was organized in March 1929, as part of the Texas Mounted Cavalry, under command of Texas National Guard and existing 56th Cavalry Brigade. Motto of the 124th is "Golpeo Rapidamente", Spanish for "I Strike Quickly". . . . — — Map (db m222976) HM
Home of Charles Stillman, ship owner, merchant, rancher, who came to Brazos Santiago in 1828 and in 1849-50 founded City of Brownsville in old Espiritu Santo Land Grant.
Built about 1850 for his bride, Elizabeth Goodrich, of Connecticut. . . . — — Map (db m201798) HM
This cathedral, which was completed on July 6, 1856, was built with 250,000 hand-made clay bricks shaped and oven cured in the nearby village of Santa Rosalia. This church designed and constructed under the Oblate Fathers of Mary Immaculate who . . . — — Map (db m117958) HM
(English))
Built in 1854-1859, the cathedral was designed by French architect Father Pierre Keralum of the Missionary Oblates of Mary Immaculate. The cathedral is Gothic Revival in the ecclesiastical form with a Latin cross plan. During . . . — — Map (db m117981) HM
Mass was first celebrated in this area in 1849 by the oblates of Mary Immaculate. This church building was completed ten years later. Father Peter Yves Keralum designed the structure, which features Gothic Revival styling. The rectory was the . . . — — Map (db m117955) HM
So swift was the advance that the enemy had only time to fire two rounds from his [cannon] batteries before our troops, with yells and shouts, charged in amongst them. USA - Napoleon Dana, lieutenant
...we captured nine . . . — — Map (db m221178) HM
Civil Rights advocate, legislator and attorney José Tomás Canales was born on a ranch in Nueces County to Andreas and Tomasa (Cavazos) Canales. As a young man, he moved to Kansas City, where he completed high school. In 1896, Canales began attending . . . — — Map (db m223565) HM
Juan H. Fernandez came to America at the age of 14 in 1875 as a ward of his uncle, Jose Fernandez-Toral, a mercantile owner originally from Pendueles, Asturias, Spain.
Following in his family’s footsteps, Juan Fernandez opened a store in 1883, . . . — — Map (db m117913) HM
English:
Built in 1883-1884 for Juan H. Fernandez, who came from Spain in 1875 to work for his uncle and older brother, the site was a general merchandise store.
The store, La Villa de Llanes, was founded by Fernandez and his younger . . . — — Map (db m117915) HM
Built in 1937, the Kraigher House is a nationally known example of international style architecture, typified by asymmetrical rectilinear forms and smooth unornamented walls. George Kraigher was chief pilot and operations manager of the Western . . . — — Map (db m221286) HM
En 1859, el Padre Keralum Termino la construccion del esta iglesia.
El hizo sus estudios de arquitecturea en Paris, Y antes habia sido ebanista.
Los Feligreses, bajo la direccion del Padre Verdet y lost otros padres, fabricaron los ladrillos . . . — — Map (db m117979) HM
(English)
Built in 1892 by Santiago McCoy and Modesto Estevan Adam for Adrian Barreda Ortiz, a native of Madrid, Spain, it is an example of an L-plan mercantile store. The architecture is a mix of Victorian and Border Brick style. The . . . — — Map (db m117998) HM
(Spanish)
En este edificio, construido en 1892 por Adrián Ortiz, se estableció La Tienda Ortiz. Esta construcción es uno de los ejemplos más significativos en la arquitectura histórica del valle. Esta joya arquitectónica, con sus . . . — — Map (db m118000) HM
A native of Spain, Adrian Ortiz (1860-1957) emigrated to Brownsville before he was 18 and lived with relatives who trained him as a merchant. He built this structure in 1892 to house his mercantile operation, La Madrileña (native of Madrid), an . . . — — Map (db m117995) HM
[English] Built in 1893 for Andres Cueto, a native of Spain, it was originally a store, bakery and pawn shop. The Victorian Building has French Creole influences, including a parapeted brick cornice and a gallery on the second floor. The name . . . — — Map (db m195580) HM
At this site the last battle of the Civil War, known as Palmito Hill, was fought by Confederate troops under Colonel John S. (Rip) Ford and Union Forces on May 13, 1865, 34 days after Lee's surrender at Appomattox. — — Map (db m118442) HM
From Old Fort Brown Cavalry Drill Field, near this spot, was made the first flight of a U.S. Army plane to be fired upon in armed hostilities, April 20, 1915.
Two Signal Corps officers, Lts. Byron Q. Jones and Thos. Milling, flew a Martin T.O. . . . — — Map (db m222971) HM
(English)
Built in 1948, designed by the firm of Pettigrew & Worley, it was part of the interstate movie theater chain founded by Karl St. John Hoblitzelle.
Interstate was an influential vaudeville and later movie theater . . . — — Map (db m119301) HM
Enrique Manautou came to Texas from Mexico in 1902.
With area commerce bolstered by the arrival of the railroad and Mexican Revolution refugees, he began a string of dry goods stores in the lower Rio Grande Valley in 1913. Manautou moved to . . . — — Map (db m118647) HM
(English)
Known as “El Almacen,” this combination store-warehouse was built in the 1880s. At the rear, a brick wall enclosed a bone and hide yard where ranchers traded cattle hides for food and supplies. Features of the . . . — — Map (db m119298) HM
This cannon and marker are important symbols of the effort to remember this battlefield and other nearby U.S.-Mexican War sites.
U.S. Army troops placed the cannon near this spot in 1917 in a first attempt to mark the 1846 battle of Resaca de . . . — — Map (db m220883) HM
Likely the city's oldest wood-frame house, this home was occupied by Wm. Neale and his family in 1850, according to census records. Originally
located on E. 14th St. the building was both a residence and stage coach office. Raiders led . . . — — Map (db m164603) HM
Englishman who was in navy of Mexico in early 1820's operated Matamoros
to Boga del Rio stage line and lived here 1834 to 1896.
Built of imported lumber of fine workmanship.
During 1859, Cortina's War, Wm. Peter Neale, a son of the builder, . . . — — Map (db m164605) HM
Built circa 1850 for William Neale, an Englishman who later became mayor, it is one of the oldest frame houses in Brownsville. The house was created
by joining four small structures. The Neale family owned it until 1950 when it
was . . . — — Map (db m164604) HM
English:
Built in 1912 and designed by Atlee B. Ayres in the Classical style, the brown brick and terracotta building features a rotunda with a stained glass dome.
The interior has Sullivanesque ornamentation. It was named after Oscar . . . — — Map (db m118639) HM
Designed by architects J.N. Preston & Son and built in 1882-1883, this courthouse included juror sleeping rooms on the third floor.
Since 1914 this building has been owned by the Masonic Rio Grande Lodge No. 81, which had been meeting since 1848 . . . — — Map (db m117938) HM
(English)
Built in 1882-1883, designed by the firm J.N. Preston and Son, it is the first building specifically built as the county jail. It is an example of the Border Brick style. In 1912 it was sold to the brothers Jose & Joaquin . . . — — Map (db m119398) HM
(English)
Built in 1883, this Spanish Colonial style structure served as the Cameron County Jail until 1913, when Jose and Joaquin Fernandez purchased the property.
They converted the building into a store, with living quarters to the . . . — — Map (db m119399) HM
These palmetto piling are the remains of the Boca Chica Crossing of the railroad from Boca Chica Inlet to White's Ranch on the Rio Grande. Begun by General Francis H. Herron, U.S.A., in 1864 and completed in 1865 by General Philip H. Sheridan for . . . — — Map (db m164594) HM
Hundreds of Union and Confederate troops fought the last land battle of the Civil War here on May 12 and 13, 1865, more than a month after Confederate General Robert E. Lee surrendered to U.S. General Ulysses S. Grant in Appomattox, Virginia.
. . . — — Map (db m220813) HM
Palo Alto Battlefield has been designated a Registered National Historic Landmark under the provisions of the Historic Sites Act of August 21, 1955. This site possesses exceptional value in commemorating and illustrating the history of the United . . . — — Map (db m95704) HM
English: On May 8, 1846 United States and Mexican troops clashed on the Palo Alto prairie. This was the first major battle in a two-year long conflict (U.S.-Mexican War) that ended with the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo in 1848, under which . . . — — Map (db m98625) HM
The first battle of the Mexican-American War was fought northeast of what is now the junction of FM 511 and FM 1847. The Palo Alto Battlefield National Historic Site was established in 1992 to preserve the battlefield and to interpret the battle and . . . — — Map (db m220848) HM
The first serious attempt to study the possibility of construction of a deep water seaport in this part of South Texas was undertaken in 1854 when a survey was conducted by United States Army engineers. At that time, the only natural harbor in the . . . — — Map (db m201995) HM
Built in 1868 under the supervision of Capt. William A. Wainwright using standard army blueprints, he added innovations such as a hospital ward separated from the main building by two breezeways. It is noted for its classical design and Palladian . . . — — Map (db m222972) HM
In March 1868, Captain William Alonzo Wainwright arrived in Brownsville to supervise the rebuilding of Fort Brown following the Civil War and an 1867 hurricane. One of the first structures built under his direction was the Post Hospital, completed . . . — — Map (db m222973) HM
In March 1868, Captain William Alonzo Wainwright arrived in Brownsville to supervise the rebuilding of Fort Brown following the Civil War and an 1867 hurricane. One of the first structures built under his direction was the Post Hospital, completed . . . — — Map (db m223082) HM
Now regarded as "The most beautiful hospital in the entire Army," this post-Civil War reconstruction era building was built in 1868, and completed in 1871 under the supervision of Captain William A. Wainwright. Its architectural features are . . . — — Map (db m223057) HM
Built in 1868 under the supervision of Capt. William A. Wainwright, the building was also known as the Medical Lab by doctors at Fort Brown. It was used for examination rooms, doctors' offices, medical isolation wards and a laboratory. It was . . . — — Map (db m223138) HM
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